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Essential Oil Content and Composition of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum.L) Under Integrated Nutrient Management
Get PDF Field experiments were conducted at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016 with nine treatments and three replications in a randomized block design to find out the effects of integrated nutrient management on Quantity and Quality of essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) . The results revealed that combined application of recommended FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) registered the highest oil yield in the main crop (211.94, 187.46 l ha-1) and in ratoon (144.36, 70.81 l ha-1) during 2015, 2016, respectively. For oil quality, the main constituents of basil essential oil have been reported and the result showed that chemical compositions of the essential oil for sweet basil were affected by fertilizers in the maincrop and ratoon during two years of the experiment. In general, application of NPK (160:80:80 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) i.e., T9 recorded the best quality. The results obtainedfrom this study demonstrated that integrated nutrient management can maximize nutrient absorption as a result of increased soil fertility which reflected on oil yield and quality
Energetic and Exergetic Performance Comparison of a Compression-Absorption System Working with NH3-H2O, NH3-LiNO3 and NH3-NaSCN
Get PDF The inclusion of a compressor in absorption refrigeration systems is one of the practices that are becoming more common in the refrigeration field, since a lower generation temperature is required. Among the mixtures most used and studied in refrigeration-compression cycles (CARC) are NH3-LiNO3 and NH3-NaSCN. This is mainly due to the assumption that these two mixtures have a better energy efficiency than the conventional absorption refrigeration cycle working with NH3-H2O (BARC). Therefore, this work shows an energy and exergy study of a CARC cycle, in which its analysis extends to the use of the NH3-H2O mixture, to show the potential that presents the mixture for refrigeration and air conditions applications, as well as the advantages and disadvantages to operating in this type of configurations. The results obtained are compared with the mixtures NH3-LiNO3 and NH3-NaSCN at different evaporation, condensation, generation temperatures and different compressor pressure ratio. The results show that the generation temperature, as well as the energetic and exergetic efficiency are strongly dependent on the compressor pressure ratio. For compression ratio values lesser than 1.6, NH3-NaSCN mixture is energetically higher than NH3-H2O and NH3-LiNO3 at generation temperatures higher than 70°C. The results show the three mixtures have very similar exergetic behavior for almost all wide range of operating conditions. When the system works with rp=2.0, the COP of NH3-H2O mixture is 3.26% higher than the other two mixtures, while under the same operations conditions, the energetic behavior is very similar for the three mixtures for different generation and evaporation temperatures
Separation of DL-Phenylalanine by Chiral Selector‐Supported Ultrafiltration
Get PDFIn this study, the enantiomeric separation of racemic phenylalanine using hydrophobic polyethersulfone and hydrophilic regenerated cellulose membranes was performed. BSA and lipase were used as chiral selector. The complexes of DL-PHE-chiral selector were ultrafiltrated by the stirred ultrafiltration cell. During the ultrafiltration, the samples taken from permeate were analyzed with liquid chromatography system using Chiral-pak AD-H column for the determination of D-PHE and L-PHE enantiomers. The effectiveness of chiral separation was char¬acterized in terms of the values of enantiomeric excess (ee%). Chemical structures and zeta potentials of membranes were determined by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and by an electrokinetic analyzer, respectively. BSA showed affinity to D-PHE, while lipase showed affinity to L-PHE. The higher enantiomeric excess was obtained using lipase chiral selector and PES membrane
Experimental Study on Pyrolysis of Non-Metallic Materials Separated from Printed Circuit Board Waste via TGA and Analytical Vacuum Fast Pyrolysis of Non-Metallic Fraction of Printed Circuit Board Waste after Copper Separation
Get PDF In just over half a century electronic equipment and products have revolutionized human lifestyle. At the product’s end of life, e-waste, its components material and other materials have influenced and infiltrated environment in every part of globe. The hazardous effect of plastic materials and debris to biodiversity is well established, but mitigation and planning are often hampered by lack of quantitative data on waste accumulation patterns in landfill. Here we document a study on the pyrolysis of non-metallic material of printed circuit board, the basic elemental part of electronic waste. The non-metallic material is separated from printed circuit board waste during the copper separation processes and was found in powder form at average size up to 177 μm. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the pyrolysis behavior of the non metallic material of printed circuit boards (PCB) waste fraction at a temperature range of 300 ◦C to 600 ◦C by means of the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and seek to find out the effective pyrolysis temperature that could be used in pyrolysis process in production scale. The experimental results reveal that the chemical composition of the PCB reflects that the main decomposition of PCBs occurs between 250 ◦C and 450 ◦C, and effectively decomposed at 403 ◦C. The pyrolysis of PCBs showed a varying production of aromatic compounds such as phenol, bromophenol, styrene, methylstyrene, and bisphenol A as well as non-aromatic compounds such as acetone and bromomethane, which are strongly related with the initial chemical composition of PCBs
Development and use of Digital Technology when Studying of Environment
Get PDF The aim of the research is to show the possibilities of using digital classification technology in the study of patterns of formation of natural-anthropogenic systems. With the help of the original digital computer classification technology, AGAT-2 identified the types of chemical composition of mine waters in the Eastern Donbass and assessed their impact on the environment. All surveyed periods (20 years, 1966, 1992 and 2015) discovered four main types of composition of mine waters. The first type is the acidic sulphate water with high concentrations of metals Which causes the most heavy environmental pollution. The second type is formed by chloride-sulphate waters, the third by sulfatechloride to a lesser extent enriched with metals. The fourth type is formed by soda water, which may indicate the presence of oil fields in the region. An assessment of pollution of groundwater and surface water is given
Triaxial Compression Test Results on DMC Samples Prepared by Using Different Soil Types
Get PDF In this study, the effects of cement, fly ash and super plasticizer, improver materials by adding into the grout, on soil-binder mixing columns called as deep mixing columns (DMC) are investigated. Fly ash is a waste product emerging from burning in the thermal power plant. By evaluating waste materials in this way, environmental pollution will be reduced directly and cement usage and carbon emissions caused by cement production will be reduced indirectly. By using super plasticizer into the grout, less porous and permeable elements with more structural strength will be manufactured. In order to achieve these goals, an experimental program was developed using statistical and experimental design methods. It is desired to determine the optimum grout quantity and consistency required to maximize the strength of the column manufactured with DMM in silty soils and silty sands. For this purpose, the amounts of fly ash (0-40%), cement (3-11%), super plasticizer additive (0.5-2%) and water/binder percentage (0.5-1.25%) were chosen as variables to form grouting material. Experimental studies have been carried out using Taguchi method, which is a powerful optimization technique, using 5-parameter and 4-level L16 design table. Undrained-unconsolidated triaxial test specimens were prepared in PVC tubes with diameter of 47 mm and length of 100 mm for each design for curing time of 28 days. As a result of the experiments, deviator stress of the soil-binder mixture was found for each design
Grade 3D Block Modeling and Reserve Estimation of the C-North Iron Skarn Ore Deposit, Sangan, NE Iran
Get PDF Estimation of ore grade is a time and cost consuming process that requires laboratory-based and exploratory information to present the shape and the ore grade distribution of ore deposit in three dimensional space. The block size is one of the most important parameters which impacts the quality of grade estimates in a resource model. This study aims at spatial modeling of iron ore deposit using geostatistical estimation methods such as Ordinary Kriging based on error estimation, selection of the appropriate size for mining blocks using Vlse Kriterijumsk Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje method, and performing a three-dimensional block modeling along a grade estimation study for the resource estimation in the C-North iron ore deposit, NE Iran. The variogram that was used in OK estimation was cross validated. Cross validation results showed that compared with the local model, OK with the global model was the most appropriate model for the ore body. Detailed distribution maps of total iron contents in the C-North ore deposit showed a close relationship between structural features and higher iron contents, relative to other areas of the ore deposit. Structural features included the major faults and fault zones along the axial plane. These structures are interpreted to have played a significant role in (re) mobilisation and concentration of the metals, in agreement with observations made elsewhere in the Sangan iron ore complex. Based on the estimation results, 83 million tons of resource was estimated at an average grade of 41.86 % Fe using OK method. The C-North ore deposit has been classified based on the relative estimation error variance and the Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. It is hoped that this example, taken from very different application fields, will encourage practitioners in applying an OK method with variety of ore deposits
Study on a Polymer Profile Control Agent with Controllable Swelling Time
Get PDF The study provided a microsphere profile control agent, which can smoothly go deep into the stratum by using the hydrophobic shell structure as the “protective film”. While the solution time in simulated brine was prolonged, water molecules went deep into the inside of the microsphere particles through the pore structure, and combined with hydrophilic groups. Because of the combination, the microsphere polymer started to swell, and opened the shell into long chain for days, and then at the end, its hydrophilic-hydrophobic block groups were all exposed in the solution, which resulted in self-thickening property. The dissolution time after entering into the stratum, i.e. the shell “rupture” time can be controlled by adjusting the carbon chains length of hydrophobic groups in the synthetic process. The agent can not only prolong the depth of plugging and provide a stable plugging rate, but also enlarge the water swept volume after dissolution. This method can stabilize the oil production and control the water cut. The function of delayed thickening ability makes the stratum sealed but kept at a certain permeability
The Sonodegradation of a Petrochemical Industry Wastewater
Get PDF In this study, the effects of increasing sonication times (0 min, 60 min, 120 and 150 min), sonication temperatures (25oC, 30oC and 60oC), increasing titanium dioxide (TiO2) (0.1 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 10 and 20 mg/L), sodium chloride (NaCl) (1 g/L, 2.5 and 15 g/L), ferrous ion (Fe+2) (2 mg/L, 8 and 20 mg/L) and ferric ion (Fe+3) (10 mg/L, 20 and 50 mg/L) concentrations on the dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdis), total organic carbon (TOC) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) removal efficiencies were monitored at a sonication frequency of 35 kHz and a sonication power of 640 W for a raw petrochemical industry wastewater (PCI ww). As the sonication time and temperature were increased from 60 to 120 and 150 min, and from 25 oC to 30 oC and to 60 oC, the CODdis, total PAH and TOC yields increased from around 52-58% and 69%-72% to 80-87% and 78%-90%. The maximum CODdis, total PAH and TOC yields were obtained with 20 mg/l TiO2, 15 mg/l NaCl, 20 mg/L Fe+2 and with 50 mg/L Fe+3, particularly after 150 min sonication at 60 oC. However, it is important to note that after 150 min sonication in the samples free of the chemicals mentioned above, in other words, in the samples with only sonication exhibited high yields as is the samples added the chemicals. After sonication with the chemicals, the EC50 values decreased significantly versus sonication times. The maximum Daphnia magna acute toxicity removal yield was 99.91% at NaCl=1 g/L at 60oC after 150 min sonication
Infinitely Many High Energy Solutions for Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson Equation with 4-Superlinear Growth Condition
Get PDFIn this article we study the following nonlinear problem of Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson equation with pure power nonlinearity
where a,b and V are positive constants, and 3<p<5. Using the fountain theorem, we obtain infinitely many high energy radial solutions, where some new tricks associated with the scaling technique are introduced to overcome the difficulty caused by the combination of two nonlocal terms