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Equipment Decontamination with a Mobile Power Washer Followed by Disinfectant Applications
Get PDF Decontamination of field equipment has been used by farmers for many years in order to prevent the spread of plant and animal diseases. A greenhouse study evaluated the effects of an electrostatic sprayer, and several disinfectants on their efficacy to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores. In addition, a field study was conducted with a two stage, decontamination system that evaluated a mobile power washer, five disinfectants, and repeated disinfectant applications on their efficacy to dislodge and inactivate B. subtilis spores. In the first study, EasyDecon@ DF 200 reduced viable spores by a log10 reduction of 1.42. In the second study, power washing effectively dislodged viable spores by nearly 3-fold compared to applying the disinfectants alone. EasyDecon@ DF 200 applied three times and Electro Biocide applied twice resulted in the greatest reduction of viable spores (4.51 log10) when applied after power washing. Two stage decontamination of agricultural equipment is effective for sanitizing most equipment that do not have exposed electronic instruments or sensors. Mobile power washers are economical for small scale sanitization of farm equipment daily
Maximizing Power Generation of a Solar PV System for a Potential Application at Musselwhite Gold Mine Site in Northwestern Ontario, Canada
Get PDF Increasing global concern for greenhouse gas emission, air pollution, fossil fuel prices, and electricity demand has generated a significant increase in research of promising renewable energy technologies for green electrical power generation. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are known for their capabilities to directly convert renewable solar energy into electrical energy for locations with abundant solar energy where there is a desperate need and demand for electrical power. This includes mining industries in remote locations. Solar PV systems generate more power if they are installed and operated efficiently. The inclination angle at which a PV panel is tilted from the horizontal plane is one of the most influential system parameters that affect the amount of electrical power output from the PV system and the system’s overall efficiency. Typically, the variation in the PV tilt angle determines the amount of incident solar radiation received on a PV panel to be utilized by a connected electrical load for use at a given site. In this paper, a mathematical model with numerical simulations are used to determine the total solar radiation incident on a tilted PV surface and to predict the optimum tilt angle for maximizing power generation from a solar PV system for potential application in Musselwhite Mine located in the remote northwestern region of Ontario, Canada. The total solar energy received on the optimally tilted PV surface is computed for all months in a year at the Musselwhite mine site. The results show that the monthly average optimum tilt angle of the PV system varied from a minimum value of 4o in the month of June to a maximum value of 74o in the months of January and December. It was also found that the highest maximum incident radiation of approximately 22.89 MJ/m2 for the whole year occurred in the month of April, whereas approximately 43.9% of this value (the lowest in the year) occurred in the month of December. The numerical simulation results suggest that PV systems are best be installed directly facing south at a fixed optimum tilt angle of 43o throughout the year at the Musselwhitemine site. This will improve the overall efficiency and save operating cost of the proposed PV system which in turn improves the commercial feasibility for the mining industry as an example of application
Investigation of the Effects of Temperature on the Microstructure of PTFE Microfiltration Membranes Under Membrane Distillation Conditions
Get PDF Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microfiltration membranes are commonly used in Membrane Distillation (MD) systems, and parameters such as the pore size and porosity have significant influence on their performance. The operating temperature of a membrane distillation unit is typically 60-80˚C, and while PTFE is considered to be thermally stable it does expand with increasing temperature. When dealing with a porous microstructure this expansion becomes significant. It was found that increasing the membrane temperature resulted in an expansion of the fibrous PTFE material and subsequently an increase in pore size. The membrane structure was observed over a period of 80 minutes, this time was deemed necessary given that PTFE has low thermal conductivity and therefore would heat up slowly. Pore size increased by 32% in the first 60 minutes, when the sample was heated to 80˚C. A lumped system analysis of the heat transfer inside the SEM chamber was used to determine a heat transfer coefficient of 0.72 W/m2K. The temperature dependence of pore size will result in fluctuations in performance when the membrane is used intermittently and therefore heated and cooled periodically
Basic Economic Analysis for Sonochemical Processes
Get PDF Ultrasound (US) and other non-traditional energy sources (for instance microwave (MW)) are widely used to increase the rate of chemical reactions, to prepare nanoparticles, to extract natural products etc. In all such cases, the scaling-up of the process must have a defined economic constraint, which generally can be reduced to the evaluation of the parameter RC, which is the ratio between the raw energy cost to produce US (or MW) and the total production cost for unit mass of product. The paper gives a basic correlation among the different parameters to evaluate RC both for processes using only US (or MW and other not traditional sources) and those with mixed energy sources
Review on Coastal Erosion, Displacement and Resettlement Strategies of South Asian Countries
Get PDFCoastal areas are subjected to unwelcome circumstances in the shape of sea-level rise and its adverse outcomes like storm surge, flooding and erosion with continuous climate change. In this manuscript, the authors presented the two case studies of erosion, displacement pattern and resettlement examples of climate displaced people of Bangladesh and India. Climate displaced people of Bangladesh and India have been an influx from coastal areas to a disaster-free safe area and also urban slum areas. In these circumstances, displaced people didn’t enjoy their cultural harmony, social status, family bondage in new living places. Resettled climate displaced people in the new habitat of Bangladesh and India are trying to adopting their new living conditions. Facilities of rehabilitation facilities have been evaluated to be insufficient and tiny for their sustenance in the long run. An appropriate development strategy is required by the Government so as to avoid the socio-economic backwardness of the resettlement areas of the South-Eastern coast of Bangladesh and Indian Sundarban inhabitants. The island inhabitants wait with great anxiety for help from the Government and Non-Government authorities to come frontward and support them to pull through their losses
Existence Theory and Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Neutral Pantograph Equations via Hilfer-Katugampola Fractional Derivative
Get PDF The aim and objectives of this paper are devoted to study some adequate results for the existence and stability of solutions of nonlinear neutral pantograph equations with Hilfer-Katugampola fractional derivative. The arguments are based upon Schauder fixed point theorem and Banach contraction principle. Further, we also study the Ulam type stability for proposed problem
A Study of the Logistic Exponentiated-Exponential Distribution and Its Applications
Get PDFThe logistic-X (LX) family of distributions based on the logistic random variable was formulated recently by Tahir et al. [1]. We study a new special model of this family called the logistic exponentiated-exponential (LEE) distribution. Its density function can be symmetric, left-skewed, right-skewed, and reversed-J shaped, and its hazard rate can be decreasing and upside-down bathtub shapes. We provide a useful power series for its quantile function and a mixture representation for its density function. The parameters of the LEE model are estimated by maximum likelihood. Three Ozone data sets are modeled to illustrate the applicability of the new model
Field Evaluation of a Novel, Granular Soil Fumigant for Controlling Phytophthora ramorum in Field Nursery Soils
Get PDFPhytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and ramorum blight, infects a wide range of hardwood and nursery ornamental species. Chlamydospores of P. ramorum can survive for extended periods of time in soils. Two studies were conducted, including: 1) a laboratory study to evaluate two liquid disinfectants for controlling P. ramorum chlamydospores, and 2) a field study to evaluate a novel soil fumigation treatment as an alternative to soil steaming or methyl bromide soil fumigation. The liquid disinfectants were ElectroBiocide and Oxidate 2.0. The laboratory study resulted in complete inactivation of the P. ramorum chlamydospores after six minutes of contact time for both the liquid disinfectants The field study evaluated a chlorine dioxide granule formulation that was applied at two rates in a nursery soil. Rhododendron leaf discs were inoculated with P. ramorum, placed in permeable sachets and buried at two soil depths in a research nursery. Soil treatments also included saturated hydrogels (with and without gels) so that soil moisture effects on chlamydospore survival could be estimated. The sachets were recovered 5, 15 and 30 days after the soil treatment. Efficacy of the soil treatments was evaluated by the number of leaf discs showing P. ramorum growth recovered from the sachets. The soil fumigation treatment with highest efficacy occurred when the sachets were buried at the 5 cm soil depth, were treated with hydrogels, at the highest Z-series granule rate (800g/tube), and had a contact time of 30 days. The probability of P. ramorum growth for this soil treatment was 0.18, or 18%, i.e. the probability of that fumigation treatment inactivating the pathogen was 82%. Also, as the soil moisture increased, the efficacy of the fumigation treatments also increased
Recognition Method of Mine Water Sources Based on Factor Analysis
Get PDFTaking Jiaozuo mining area as the research background, according to the survey of water samples among the main water-filled aquifers of the mine and water gushing sources due to the exploitation of the No.21 coal seams in Shanxi group, six kinds of water chemical composition were selected as the sample indexes, including Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Na++K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, based on the data of groundwater chemical composition, and a principal component analysis was applied to establish the mathematical model by the method of factor analysis. A piper diagram was used to intuitively conduct the synthetical analyses for the general chemical characteristics and water quality types of the water samples. At the same time, via the comparative analysis between the water properties of water exits and that of the main aquifers in the Jiaozuo mining area, discrimination of the hybridization of the multiple water gushing sources due to coal mining was done. Moreover, by dint of the SPSS factor analysis, the water chemical proxies were carried on dimensionality reduction from the six kinds of water chemical composition to the three major factors, which replaced the original variables to participate in the data modeling. The results of the study showed that the combination of the piper diagram and the factor analysis modeling could effectively identify the water gushing sources owing to exploiting the No.21 coal seams of the Shanxi group in the Jiaozuo mining area and rank on the basis of the contributions of each aquifer to the amounts of water bursting in the mine, solving the problems of information superposition and correlations consisted in the identification of water gushing sources, which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and cure of the mine water disasters
Exergy and Environmental Assessment of a Steam Power Plant: A Case Study of Nigeria
Get PDFMany electricity generating stations are concerned with the reduction of environmental pollution associated with the thermodynamic activities of power plants. Such environmental pollution includes emissions from exhaust gases, cooling tower blowdown, boiler blowdown and demineralization. In this paper, an exergo-environmental analysis was conducted using design data from the Egbin power plant for a 220MW steam power plant. Enhancement was carried out on the plant under varying pressure and temperature conditions to assess the plant’s performance improvements that would lead to more reduction in environmental pollution. The exergy destruction efficiency value indicates that the boiler sub- system gave the highest exergy destruction in the power plant. Also, sustainability indicators such as environmental effect factor, waste exergy ratio and sustainability index factors have been performed and results presented with respect to the plant. The improvement options considered were: (i) increasing the inlet temperature of the high-pressure turbine at constant boiler pressure, and (ii) the second approach, simultaneous increase in inlet temperature of high-pressure turbine and boiler pressure. The result showed that the second improvement approach gave a better improvement approach than the former by reducing the environmental effect factor by 17.32% and increasing the sustainability index factor by 21.54%. These effects ultimately reduced the steam power plant emissions and improved efficient fuel utilization by the plant for sustainable development and for more power production