Brazilian Journal of Science
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Effect of potassium silicate on development and productivity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars in an experimental cultivation area in the Brazilian Cerrado
No full textSilicon (Si) is considered an essential element for the development of several groups of vegetables, including legumes (Soy) [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]. This study aimed to evaluate different doses of potassium silicate (K2SiO4) rich in Si (25%) regarding the effects on the vegetative and reproductive phases for two soybean cultivars with technology HO IPRO Corumbá and HO i2x Mogi in red distroferric soil in the Southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Si doses (0, 150, 300, 600, and 900 kg ha-1) were evaluated for the parameters plant length, root length, aerial and root fresh mass, aerial and root dry mass, and number of pods for two cultivars Corumbá and Mogi. The results demonstrated positive effects for the Si doses applied, mainly at doses of 300-600 kg ha-1 for most parameters and for the dose of 900 kg ha-1 for the number of pods. Different dosages of Si expressed in potassium silicate demonstrated positive effects on the vegetative and reproductive increments of soybean cultivars Corumbá and Mogi
Blood profile and liver histopathological analysis of broiler chickens fed dried cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L.)
No full textThis study utilized a total of 210 one-day-old chicks to evaluate the blood profile and liver histopathology of Ross 308 broiler chickens fed diets containing Dried Cashew Apples (DCA). The chicks were allocated into seven treatment groups, each consisting of three replicates of 10 birds. The experimental design used a (2 x 3) +1 augmented factorial in a completely randomized arrangement. Diet 1 was the control (maize-soybean meal-based), while diets 2, 3, and 4 contained 10%, 20%, and 30% DCA without enzyme supplementation. Diets 5, 6, and 7 contained 10%, 20%, and 30% DCA with exogenous microbial enzyme supplementation. Data on haematological indices, serum biochemical indices, and liver histology were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25, with means separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the same statistical package at p < 0.05. The results indicated that DCA inclusion, with or without enzymes, significantly influenced all haematological parameters except MCV, showing lower PCV, Hb concentration, and RBC counts in DCA groups compared to the control. Enzyme supplementation at 20% DCA increased PCV, while at 10% and 30% DCA, it decreased Hb concentrations and increased WBC counts at 30% DCA, with varying effects on neutrophils and lymphocytes. Serum biochemistry showed that DCA inclusion affected all parameters except AST, with the highest ALT values in birds on 10% DCA without enzymes and the lowest in the control group. Enzyme supplementation significantly influenced AST, ALT, TP, globulin, albumin, urea, and creatinine levels, particularly at 20% DCA. Liver histology showed no lesions in control birds but varying degrees of necrosis, inflammation, atrophy, and congestion in DCA-fed birds, worsening with higher DCA and enzyme levels. In conclusion, broilers can tolerate 10% DCA in their diet, but higher levels lead to physiological stress, necessitating careful consideration of DCA inclusion levels to maintain bird health and welfare
Novos registros do frango-d'água-pequeno Porphyrio flavirostris (Gmelin, 1789) (Gruiformes: Rallidae) para o estado do Paraná
Get PDFAlthough it has a wide distribution in the country, the Azure Gallinule (Porphyrio flavirostris) has become rare in the southern region, due to the drainage of wetlands, implementation of hydroelectric reservoirs and the reduction of surrounding forests. Through the inventory carried out in the municipality of Capanema, field trips in Francisco Alves and Foz do Iguaçu in humid areas with a predominance of seasonal semideciduous forest, individuals of P. flavirostris were registered in October 2019, December 2020 and January 2021 on the floating vegetation. This work communicates new records of the species in the state of Paraná and makes a brief contribution about its conservation status.Aunque tiene una amplia distribución en el país, el ave acuática menor (Porphyrio flavirostris) se ha vuelto rara en la región sur, debido al drenaje de humedales, la implementación de reservorios hidroeléctricos y la reducción de los bosques circundantes. A través del inventario realizado en el municipio de Capanema, salidas de campo en Francisco Alves y Foz do Iguaçu en áreas húmedas con predominio de bosque estacional semideciduo, se registraron individuos de P. flavirostris en octubre de 2019, diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021 en la fluctuación vegetación. Este trabajo comunica nuevos registros de la especie en el estado de Paraná y hace una breve contribución sobre su estado de conservación.Embora tenha ampla distribuição no país, o Frango-d’água-pequeno (Porphyrio flavirostris) tornou-se raro na região sul, devido à drenagem de áreas úmidas, implantação de reservatórios hidrelétricos e redução das florestas circundantes. Através do inventário realizado no município de Capanema, saídas de campo em Francisco Alves e Foz do Iguaçu em áreas úmidas com predominância de floresta estacional semidecídua, foram registrados indivíduos de P. flavirostris em outubro de 2019, dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 na flutuação vegetação. Este trabalho comunica novos registros da espécie no estado do Paraná e faz uma breve contribuição sobre seu estado de conservação
Physical analysis from scientific data in Pero Vaz de Caminha’s letter
No full textThe scientific data presented in the letter by Pero Vaz de Caminha, the scribe of Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, were physically analyzed when they landed in Brazil in 1500. Initially, it was clarified that the temperature difference between the Equator and the poles, along with the Coriolis force, determined the maritime routes at the beginning of the Age of Discovery, between the 14th and 17th centuries. Our data analysis used modern technological tools such as dynamic internet maps, GPS, and satellite bathymetry data. From this scientific analysis, several conclusions contradict current historical truths. The main conclusions are that the true Mount Pascoal is today known as Mount Serra Verde, located near the city of João Câmara, that the landing site was at the mouth of the Punaú River, at Zumbir Beach, and that the fleet landed at Marco beach and not Porto Seguro, Bahia state. All of these locations are on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state
Desempenho de crescimento e resposta fisiológica de leitões desmamados alimentados com dieta suplementada com novos fitogênicos.
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the growth performance and physiological response of weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a novel phytogenics (FCTNC). A total of 100 cross bred male pigs (Landrace × Duroc) with an initial weight of 6.31 ± 0.25 kg and weaned at 21 days were individually housed in a semi-open sided pens. Pigs were distributed into five treatments groups with five replicates, each replicates comprises of 20 pigs. Experimental diets were adequate in all nutrients recommended by NRC (2012). Treatment one (T1): basal diet without antibiotics; T2 (basal diet with neomycin at 1.5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 and T5 were fed basal diet with 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 and 15 g/kg-1 respectively. Feed and water were offered unrestricted throughout the 56 days trial. Result revealed that there was effect of treatments (P ˂ 0.05) in average body weight gain (ADG), daily feed intake (ADFI), mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Pigs in T4 (24.54 kg) and T5 (24.22 kg) had the highest weight gain, intermediate in T2 (21.55 kg) and T3 (22.51 kg) and lowest in T1 (12.83 kg) (P ˂ 0.05). There was a remarkable improvement in all the immune parameters examined among pigs fed FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). Microbial population of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp decreased as the level of FCTNC increases (P ˂ 0.05). Conversely, Lactobacillus spp count were highest in T4 and T5 relative to the other treatments. Haematological parameters were significantly influenced (P ˂ 0.05) by the treatments. However, all values were within the normal range for a clinically healthy pigs. The study established that FCTNC could be fed to weaned pigs up to 15 g/kg-1 without having any negative effect on the health of animals.El objetivo de este experimento fue investigar el desempeño zootécnico y la respuesta fisiológica de lechones destetados alimentados con dietas suplementadas con un nuevo fitogénico (FCTNC). Un total de 100 cerdos machos mestizos (Landrace × Duroc) con peso inicial de 6,31 ± 0,25 kg y destetados a los 21 días se alojaron individualmente en corrales semiabiertos. Los cerdos se asignaron a cinco grupos de tratamiento con cinco repeticiones, cada una de las cuales constaba de 20 cerdos. Las dietas experimentales fueron adecuadas en todos los nutrientes recomendados por la NRC (2012). Tratamiento uno (T1): dieta basal sin antibióticos; T2 (dieta basal con neomicina a 1,5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 y T5 recibieron dieta basal con 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 y 15 g/kg-1, respectivamente. Se ofreció alimento y agua sin restricciones durante los 56 días del experimento. Los resultados revelaron que hubo un efecto de los tratamientos (P ˂ 0.05) sobre la ganancia de peso corporal promedio (GMD), el consumo diario de alimento (ADFI), la mortalidad y la conversión alimenticia (CA). Los cerdos en T4 (24,54 kg) y T5 (24,22 kg) tuvieron la mayor ganancia de peso, intermedia en T2 (21,55 kg) y T3 (22,51 kg) y menor en T1 (12,83 kg) (P ˂ 0,05). Hubo una mejora notable en todos los parámetros inmunológicos examinados entre los cerdos alimentados con FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). La población microbiana de Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp disminuyó con el aumento del nivel de FCTNC (P ˂ 0.05). Por otro lado, el conteo de Lactobacillus spp fue mayor en T4 y T5 en comparación con los demás tratamientos. Los parámetros hematológicos fueron influenciados significativamente (P ˂ 0.05) por los tratamientos. Sin embargo, todos los valores estuvieron dentro del rango normal para cerdos clínicamente sanos. El estudio estableció que FCTNC puede administrarse a lechones destetados hasta 15 g/kg-1 sin tener ningún efecto negativo sobre la salud de los animales.O objetivo deste experimento foi investigar o desempenho zootécnico e a resposta fisiológica de leitões desmamados alimentados com dietas suplementadas com um novo fitogênico (FCTNC). Um total de 100 suínos machos mestiços (Landrace × Duroc) com peso inicial de 6,31 ± 0,25 kg e desmamados aos 21 dias foram alojados individualmente em baias semiabertas. Os porcos foram distribuídos em cinco grupos de tratamentos com cinco réplicas, cada réplica composta por 20 porcos. As dietas experimentais foram adequadas em todos os nutrientes recomendados pelo NRC (2012). Tratamento um (T1): dieta basal sem antibióticos; T2 (dieta basal com neomicina a 1,5 g/kg-1); T3, T4 e T5 receberam dieta basal com 5 g/kg-1, 10 g/kg-1 e 15 g/kg-1, respectivamente. A ração e a água foram oferecidas sem restrições durante os 56 dias de experiência. Os resultados revelaram que houve efeito dos tratamentos (P ˂ 0,05) no ganho médio de peso corporal (GMD), consumo diário de ração (ADFI), mortalidade e conversão alimentar (CA). Suínos em T4 (24,54 kg) e T5 (24,22 kg) tiveram o maior ganho de peso, intermediário em T2 (21,55 kg) e T3 (22,51 kg) e menor em T1 (12,83 kg) (P ˂ 0,05). Houve uma melhoria notável em todos os parâmetros imunológicos examinados entre os porcos alimentados com FCTNC (P ˂ 0,05). A população microbiana de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp diminuiu com o aumento do nível de FCTNC (P ˂ 0,05). Por outro lado, a contagem de Lactobacillus spp foi maior em T4 e T5 em relação aos outros tratamentos. Os parâmetros hematológicos foram significativamente influenciados (P ˂ 0,05) pelos tratamentos. No entanto, todos os valores estavam dentro do intervalo normal para porcos clinicamente saudáveis. O estudo estabeleceu que a FCTNC pode ser fornecida a leitões desmamados até 15 g/kg-1 sem ter qualquer efeito negativo na saúde dos animais
Respostas fisiológicas de juvenis de jundiás Rhamdia quelen anestesiados com diferentes concentrações de hidrocloreto de lidocaína (Lidostesim® 3%)
No full textThe aim of this trial was to determine the effect of lidocaine hydrochloride-based immersion anesthesia in concentrations of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 mg L-1 on physiological responses of jundiá Rhamdia quelen, with the control group anesthetized with clove oil (50 mg L-1) bath anesthesia. Ten jundiá juveniles were used in each experimental and control groups in order to analyze the hematocrit, blood glucose levels and induction and recovery times. Jundiás anesthetized in 2,000 and 2,500 mg L-1 solutions showed percentual hematocrit increase (42.7 ± 0.9% and 43.7 ± 0.7 %, P < 0.05). It was observed inverse association between blood glucose levels and lidocaine concentration, with values ranging from 57.3 ± 14.7 mg dL-1 to jundiá anesthetized in 1,000 mg L-1 and 39.5 ± 12.5 mg dL-1 in 2,500 mg L-1 anesthetic baths, with higher values detected in the control group (78.1 ± 12.5 mg dL-1, P < 0.001). Likewise, it was observed inverse relationship between lidocaine hydrochloride concentration and induction times, but direct association with recovery times. Higher concentrations were the most effective as blood glucose reduction and maintenance of hematocrit levels, with promising induction and recovery times for future anesthetic trials. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da anestesia por imersão à base de cloridrato de lidocaína em soluções de 1.000, 1.500, 2.000 e 2.500 mg L-1 nas respostas fisiológicas de jundiá Rhamdia quelen, sendo o grupo controle anestesiado com óleo de cravo (50 mg L-1). Foram utilizados dez juvenis de jundiá em cada grupo experimental e controle para análise do hematócrito, glicemia e tempos de indução e recuperação. Jundiás anestesiados com 2.000 e 2.500 mg L-1 apresentaram aumento percentual do hematócrito (42,7 ± 0,9% e 43,7 ± 0,7%, P < 0,05). Foi observada associação inversa entre os níveis de glicemia e a concentração de lidocaína, com valores variando de 57,3 ± 14,7 mg dL-1 para jundiá anestesiado a 1000 mg L-1 e 39,5 ± 12,5 mg dL-1 a 2500 mg L-1, sendo detectados maiores valores no grupo controle (78,1 ± 12,5 mg dL-1, P < 0,001). Da mesma forma, foi observada relação inversa entre concentração de lidocaína e tempos de indução, mas associação direta com tempos de recuperação. As concentrações mais altas foram as mais eficazes uma vez que reduziu a glicemia e manteve níveis do hematócrito, com tempos relativos de indução e recuperação promissores para futuros testes anestésicos
Unleashing real-time analytics: A comparative study of in-memory computing vs. traditional disk-based systems
No full textThe article presents a comprehensive study evaluating the performance differences between in-memory computing (IMC) and traditional disk-based database systems, specifically focusing on Redis and PostgreSQL. Given the escalating demands for real-time data analytics across various sectors, the research delves into the comparative efficiency of these two data management paradigms in processing large datasets. Utilizing a synthetic dataset of 23.6 million records, we orchestrated a series of data manipulation tasks, including aggregation, table joins, and filtering operations, to simulate real-world data analytics scenarios. The experiment, conducted on a high-performance computing setup, revealed that Redis significantly outperformed PostgreSQL in all tested operations, showcasing the inherent advantages of IMC in terms of speed and efficiency. Data aggregation tasks saw Redis completing the process up to ten times faster than PostgreSQL. Similarly, table joining, and data filtering tasks were executed more swiftly on Redis, emphasizing IMC's potential to facilitate instantaneous data analytics. These findings underscore the pivotal role of IMC technologies like Redis in empowering organizations to harness real-time insights from big data, a critical capability in today's fast-paced business environment. The study further discusses the implications of adopting IMC over traditional systems, considering aspects such as cost, integration challenges, and the importance of skill development for IT teams. Concluding with strategic recommendations, the article advocates for a nuanced approach to incorporating IMC technologies, highlighting their transformative potential while acknowledging the need for balanced investment and operational planning.Este artigo apresenta um estudo abrangente destinado a avaliar as diferenças de desempenho entre a computação em memória (IMC) e os sistemas tradicionais de banco de dados baseados em disco, focando especificamente no Redis e no PostgreSQL. Dada a crescente demanda por análises de dados em tempo real em vários setores, a pesquisa investiga a eficiência comparativa desses dois paradigmas de gestão de dados no processamento de grandes conjuntos de dados. Utilizando um conjunto de dados sintético de 23.6 milhões de registros, orquestramos uma série de tarefas de manipulação de dados, incluindo agregação, junção de tabelas e operações de filtragem, para simular cenários reais de análise de dados.
O experimento, conduzido em uma configuração de computação de alto desempenho, revelou que o Redis superou significativamente o PostgreSQL em todas as operações testadas, destacando as vantagens inerentes da IMC em termos de velocidade e eficiência. As tarefas de agregação de dados viram o Redis completar o processo até dez vezes mais rápido que o PostgreSQL. Da mesma forma, as tarefas de junção de tabelas e filtragem de dados foram executadas mais rapidamente no Redis, enfatizando o potencial da IMC para facilitar análises de dados instantâneas.
Essas descobertas sublinham o papel crucial das tecnologias de IMC, como o Redis, em capacitar organizações a aproveitar insights em tempo real de grandes dados, uma capacidade crítica no ambiente de negócios acelerado de hoje. O estudo discute ainda as implicações da adoção da IMC sobre os sistemas tradicionais, considerando aspectos como custo, desafios de integração e a importância do desenvolvimento de habilidades para equipes de TI. Concluindo com recomendações estratégicas, o artigo defende uma abordagem matizada para incorporar tecnologias de IMC, destacando seu potencial transformador enquanto reconhece a necessidade de um investimento e planejamento operacional equilibrados
Mapping solar variability of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows
No full textThis study investigated the variability of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows, focusing on the detailed dynamics of solar activity revealed by sunspot data analysis and magnetic field evolution. The goals were to investigate the relationship between sunspot numbers with differential rotation, meridional circulation, and magnetic induction using observational data and theoretical models. The methods included studying historical sunspot data from 1700 to the present and using time series decomposition to find trends, seasonality, and residuals. The evolution of the solar magnetic field was predicted using the magnetic induction equation, which considers plasma flow and magnetic diffusion effects. The real sunspot data were combined with the simulated magnetic field data to investigate their relationship over time. Contour maps were created to illustrate the spatiotemporal evolution of the magnetic field, and correlation studies were used to quantify the correlations between sunspot numbers and key solar dynamics characteristics. Key studies show that the Sun rotates differentially, with latitudinal zones rotating at differing angular velocities, influencing sunspot generation. A strong connection (0.8192) between the sunspot numbers and meridional velocity demonstrates the influence of large-scale plasma flows on sunspot activity. Despite this, the monthly averaged magnetic field strength and sunspot numbers exhibited a minor correlation (0.004507), showing that solar activity is affected by independent underlying processes or phases. Magnetic field evolution contour maps show differences from 1x1013 to 2x1013 Gauss at different spatial (40 km to 80 km) and temporal scales (from start to the present in months). This evolution is governed by the magnetic induction equation, which includes the effects of plasma flow and magnetic diffusion. The paper also emphasizes the alpha effect's significance in producing poloidal magnetic fields from toroidal fields via turbulent convection, which is essential to the solar dynamo mechanism. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows, offering insights into the solar cycle and laying the groundwork for future research in solar and space weather prediction
Analysis of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit powder's antioxidant and phytochemical properties
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and phytochemical properties of Kigelia africana fruit powder. Fresh K. africana fruit was air-dried and processed into powder. K. africana fruit powder contained saponins (35.86 mg/100 g-1), tannins (106.1 mg/100 g-1), phenols (1340.6 mg/100 g-1), flavonoids (985.11 mg/100 g-1), steroids (81.20 mg/100 g-1), glycosides (18.32 mg/100 g-1), triterpenes (90.65 mg/100 g-1), and alkaloids (51.22 mg/100 g-1). The study found that phenolic chemicals were the most concentrated, followed by flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. The antioxidant activities of Kigella africana fruit meal revealed that it contains lipid peroxidation (71.80%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (56.02%), vitamin C (6.22%), 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (26.11%), and hydroxyl radical inhibition (45.92%). Therapeutically, the phytochemicals revealed that K. africana fruit has antihelminthic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antifungal, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, hepatostimulatory, analgesic, and anticarcinogenic properties. The presence of lipid peroxidation, vitamin C, DPPH, and ABTS in Kigelia africana fruit indicates that it can be employed as an antioxidant supplement in animal diets
Seasonal chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees leaves in a Brazilian Cerrado region
No full textCinnamomum zeylanicum is an aromatic species with essential oil in its leaves, stems, and roots, widely used in traditional medicine and culinary applications. The essential oil of C. zeylanicum exhibits various biological activities, such as antioxidant and antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. zeylanicum collected during two seasonal periods in the Brazilian Cerrado, focusing on its volatile chemical profile, and antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Leaves of C. zeylanicum were collected in July and December 2023. The essential oil was extracted through hydro distillation. The volatile chemical profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical reduction, and antifungal activity was evaluated based on the inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and C. acutatum. Two major compounds were identified: eugenol (72% and 63%) and eugenyl acetate (9% and 15%) for the dry and hot seasons (July) and the wet and hot seasons (December), respectively. DPPH free radical reduction showed maximum inhibition of 89% and 65% for July and December, respectively. Antifungal activity demonstrated maximum inhibition rates of 65% and 53% for S. sclerotiorum, 82% and 71% for C. gloeosporioides, and 56% and 27% for C. acutatum during the same periods. This study highlights seasonal variations in the major compounds of essential oil, which influenced its production, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of the evaluated fungal strains