Brazilian Journal of Science
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Evaluation of waste management activities within the scope of sustainable environmental management at Tatvan Van Lake Ferry directorate Turkiye
No full textWith the development of technology in the 21st Century, changes have also occurred in the transportation sector. In recent years, transportation by ships at full capacity has increased the volume of maritime trade, causing unavoidable pollution in the seas. Today, maritime transportation is safe and encompasses various services and activities. Pollution caused by marine vessels is a significant concern for all over the world. In addition to this fuel costs were high because maritime transportation relied on simple, low-capacity vessels. The new vehicles used today pose a problem due to their low capacity. This article aims to identify the types and amounts of waste from new ships at the Tatvan Van Lake Ferry Pier and to develop strategies for transporting this waste to land within the framework of sustainable environmental management. The study suggests building a waste reception facility in the city to manage the waste generated by maritime activities
Explorando a degradação fotocatalítica do corante laranja de metila usando nanopartículas de óxido de Bismuto dopadas com Estrôncio
Get PDFLow dimensional metal oxide Nps have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive characteristics and diverse application domains. This investigation can provide further elucidation regarding the synthesis of Strontium doped-Bi2O3 efficacious photocatalysts operating under visible light, thereby potentially addressing environmental quandaries. The photoactivity of Strontium doped-Bi2O3 Nps exhibits a significantly greater magnitude when compared to that of Bi2O3 nanoparticles lacking Strontium doping. The hydrothermal method shall be employed for the synthesis of Strontium-doped Bismuth oxide in the course of preparation. A solution of NH4OH will be introduced to Bismuth nitrate and Strontium chloride. The resulting mixtures shall be subjected to vigorous stirring for a duration of 1 hour, after which they will be transferred into 100 mL autoclaves made of stainless steel and equipped with Teflon liners. These autoclaves shall then be heated to a temperature of 180 °C for a period of 6 h. The prepared samples shall subsequently undergo collection and undergo multiple washes utilising de-ionized water. In order to synthesise Strontium doped-Bi2O3 is imperative to subject the resulting compound to a subsequent calcination process at a temperature of 450° C. Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), techniques shall be employed for the investigation of the crystalline structures and morphologies of the powder. The resultant specimen shall subsequently serve as a catalyst for the photolytic degradation of organic dye methyl orange under diverse illumination circumstances. UV-Visible spectroscopy shall subsequently be employed to monitor the extent of photocatalytic efficacy.Os Nps de óxido metálico de baixa dimensão têm atraído atenção significativa devido às suas características distintas e diversos domínios de aplicação. Esta investigação pode fornecer mais esclarecimentos sobre a síntese de fotocatalisadores eficazes dopados com estrôncio-Bi2O3 operando sob luz visível, abordando assim potencialmente dilemas ambientais. A fotoatividade do Bi2O3 Nps dopado com estrôncio exibe uma magnitude significativamente maior quando comparada à das nanopartículas de Bi2O3 sem dopagem com estrôncio. O método hidrotérmico será utilizado para a síntese de óxido de bismuto dopado com estrôncio durante a preparação. Uma solução de NH4OH será introduzida ao nitrato de bismuto e cloreto de estrôncio. As misturas resultantes serão submetidas a agitação vigorosa por 1 h, após o que serão transferidas para autoclaves de 100 mL fabricadas em aço inoxidável e equipadas com liners de Teflon. Estas autoclaves serão então aquecidas a uma temperatura de 180 °C por um período de 6 horas. As amostras preparadas serão posteriormente coletadas e submetidas a múltiplas lavagens utilizando água deionizada. Para sintetizar Bi2O3 dopado com estrôncio é imperativo submeter o composto resultante a um processo de calcinação subsequente a uma temperatura de 450° C. Espectroscopia no infravermelho (FT-IR), UV-Visível, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM), X - difração de raios (DRX), técnicas serão empregadas para a investigação das estruturas cristalinas e morfologias do pó. A amostra resultante servirá posteriormente como um catalisador para a degradação fotolítica do corante orgânico laranja de metila sob diversas circunstâncias de iluminação. A espectroscopia UV-Visível será posteriormente empregada para monitorar a extensão da eficácia fotocatalítica
Aplicação de drone no auxílio sobre avaliação de ensaios na cultura de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) f. Malvaceae
No full textThe use of drones to evaluate crops has become increasingly common. Among these uses, the drone helps in the cultivation of cotton a crop that is highly prone to intense attacks by pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the use of drones in evaluating trials in cotton cultivation in the Southwest of Goiás, Brazil. A Phantom 4 Pro drone was used to carry out the mapping and WebODM was used to carry out photogrammetry and obtain the ExG vegetation index. ExG proved to be efficient in detecting differences between blocks. The use of drones provided a series of benefits in the assessment process in cotton cultivation. The ability to fly over the area quickly and accurately allowed detailed, and punctual images to be obtained which was essential for monitoring plant health and identifying problem areas such as pest or disease infestations.O uso de drones na avaliação de lavouras tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente. Dentre esses usos, o drone auxilia na cultura do algodão, cultura essa, altamente propícia ao ataque intenso de pragas e doenças. Este estudo teve por objetivo, avaliar o uso de drones em avaliação de ensaios na cultura de algodão no Sudoeste de Goiás, Brasil. Foi utilizado drone Phantom 4 Pro para realizar o mapeamento e o WebODM para realizar a fotogrametria e obtenção do índice de vegetação ExG. O ExG mostrou-se eficiente na detecção sobre diferenças entre os blocos. O emprego do drone proporcionou uma série de benefícios no processo de avaliação na cultura de algodão. A capacidade de sobrevoar a área de forma rápida e precisa, permitiu a obtenção de imagens detalhadas e pontuais, o que foi fundamental para o monitoramento sobre a saúde das plantas e identificar áreas com problemas, como infestações de pragas ou doenças
Crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de erva-mate associadas a diferentes coberturas vegetais de inverno
Get PDFThe lack of knowledge of management in the application of yerba mate is the reason for the present study, given the economic importance of this crop for family farming, the economy and also the culture in the southern region of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of winter cover species on the morphophysiological characteristics of yerba mate seedlings. The experimental design was laid out in randomized blocks with four replicates. The weed species used were Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus, Lupinus albus, Axonopus catharinensis, the consortium between A. strigosa and V. sativa, and the control treatment without cover. Physiological (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, carboxylative efficiency, and chlorophyll) and morphological (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot and of root dry matter, in addition to cover dry matter) were evaluated. There was competition between the crop and the cover plants for the factors of light and water, and the control without cultivation did not affect the morphophysiological characteristics of yerba mate. The species A. catharinensis proved to be the best cover plant because it competed less with yerba mate. The growth and development of yerba mate were affected by the presence of A. strigosa.La escasez de conocimientos sobre el manejo en la aplicación de la yerba mate es la justificación del presente estudio, dada la importancia económica de este cultivo para la agricultura familiar, la economía y también para la cultura de la región sur de Brasil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de especies de cobertura invernal sobre las características morfofisiológicas de plántulas de yerba mate. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las especies de malezas utilizadas fueron Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus, Lupinus albus, Axonopus catharinensis, el consorcio entre A. strigosa y V. sativa, y el tratamiento testigo sin cobertura. Se evaluaron las características fisiológicas (fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática, transpiración, concentración interna de CO2, eficiencia en el uso del agua, eficiencia de carboxilo y clorofila) y morfológicas (altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, área foliar, parte aérea y materia seca de la hoja). a la materia seca de la cubierta) de las plantas. Hubo competencia entre el cultivo y los cultivos de cobertura por los factores luz y agua, y el testigo sin cultivo no afectó las características morfofisiológicas de la yerba mate. La especie A. catharinensis demostró ser la mejor planta de cobertura porque compite menos con la yerba mate. El crecimiento y desarrollo de la yerba mate se vieron afectados por la presencia de A. strigosa.A escassez de conhecimento sobre o manejo na aplicação da erva-mate é a justificativa do presente estudo, haja vista a importância econômica desta cultura para a agricultura familiar, economia e também para a cultura da região sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de espécies de cobertura de inverno sobre as características morfofisiológicas de mudas de erva-mate. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As espécies daninhas utilizadas foram Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Vicia sativa, Raphanus sativus, Lupinus albus, Axonopus catharinensis, o consórcio entre A. strigosa e V. sativa, e o tratamento controle sem cobertura. Foram avaliadas as características fisiológicas (fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2, eficiência do uso da água, eficiência carboxilativa e clorofila) e morfológicas (altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz, além da matéria seca da cobertura) das plantas. Houve competição entre a cultura e as plantas de cobertura pelos fatores de luz e água, e o controle sem cultivo não afetou as características morfofisiológicas da erva-mate. A espécie A. catharinensis mostrou-se a melhor planta de cobertura por competir menos com a erva-mate. O crescimento e desenvolvimento da erva-mate foram afetados pela presença de A. strigosa
Análise da conectividade hidrológica na bacia hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré – estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Get PDFThe connectivity study is essential for the comprehension of various ecological processes, but it is poorly studied in aquatic environments, where hydrological connectivity is understood as the transfer of water, energy, and organisms from one part of the landscape to another. This work aims to analyze the hydrological connectivity present in the territory of the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin - SP, through the application of the Hydrological Connectivity Index, to evaluate the dynamic and temporal process of these structures in 2007 and 2017. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were applied with the application of integration theory to investigate which rivers, wetlands, lakes, dams are connected. From 2007 to 2017, a reduction of 8,686.42 to 8,686.42 km was observed, totaling 208.35 km of the drainage network. There was also a loss of 163.77 km of springs (24.10%) and a reduction in the number of interactions between the hydrological network from 7,214 to 5,303. The updating of the information on the water resources extension complemented by the application of the indices, by expressing the state of landscape configuration, were important tools in the diagnosis of ecosystem conservation, enabling accurate analysis of the elements that compose them. The hydrographic basin showed a reduction in the drainage network in all regions, which consequently resulted in changes in the patterns of hydrological connectivity, reducing the number of connections by almost half. These factors must be analyzed in detail concerning the planning of the hydrographic basin, mainly related to the future of the quantity and quality of water resources.El estudio de la conectividad es fundamental para comprender diversos procesos ecológicos, pero es poco estudiado en ambientes acuáticos, donde la conectividad hidrológica se entiende como la transferencia de agua, energía y organismos de una parte del paisaje a otra. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la conectividad hidrológica presente en el territorio de la Cuenca Hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré - SP, a través de la aplicación del Índice de Conectividad Hidrológica, para evaluar el proceso dinámico y temporal de estas estructuras en los años 2007 y 2017. Información Geográfica ( Se aplicaron técnicas GIS) con la aplicación de la teoría de integración para investigar qué ríos, pantanos, lagos, represas están conectados. De 2007 a 2017 se observó una reducción de 8.686,42 a 8.686,42 km, totalizando 208,35 km de red de drenaje. También hubo una pérdida de 163,77 km de manantiales (24,10%) y una reducción en el número de interacciones entre la red hidrológica de 7.214 a 5.303. La actualización de la información sobre la extensión de los recursos hídricos, complementada con la aplicación de índices, al expresar el estado de configuración del paisaje, fueron herramientas importantes en el diagnóstico de conservación de los ecosistemas, posibilitando un análisis preciso de los elementos que los componen. La cuenca mostró una reducción en la red de drenaje en todas las regiones, lo que resultó en cambios en los patrones de conectividad hidrológica, reduciendo el número de conexiones a casi la mitad. Estos factores deben ser analizados en detalle en la planificación de cuencas hidrográficas, especialmente en relación con la futura cantidad y calidad de los recursos hídricos.O estudo da conectividade é essencial para a compreensão de vários processos ecológicos, mas é pouco estudado em ambientes aquáticos, onde a conectividade hidrológica é entendida como a transferência de água, energia e organismos de uma parte da paisagem para outra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a conectividade hidrológica presente no território da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré - SP, por meio da aplicação do Índice de Conectividade Hidrológica, para avaliar o processo dinâmico e temporal dessas estruturas nos anos de 2007 e 2017. Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (GIS) técnicas foram aplicadas com a aplicação da teoria da integração para investigar quais rios, pântanos, lagos, barragens estão conectados. De 2007 a 2017, foi observada uma redução de 8.686,42 para 8.686,42 km, totalizando 208,35 km da rede de drenagem. Também houve perda de 163,77 km de nascentes (24,10%) e redução do número de interações entre a rede hidrológica de 7.214 para 5.303. A atualização das informações sobre a extensão dos recursos hídricos complementada pela aplicação dos índices, ao expressarem o estado de configuração da paisagem, foram ferramentas importantes no diagnóstico da conservação dos ecossistemas, possibilitando análises precisas dos elementos que os compõem. A bacia hidrográfica apresentou redução da rede de drenagem em todas as regiões, o que consequentemente resultou em mudanças nos padrões de conectividade hidrológica, reduzindo o número de ligações quase pela metade. Esses fatores devem ser analisados detalhadamente no planejamento da bacia hidrográfica, principalmente em relação ao futuro da quantidade e qualidade dos recursos hídricos
Effect of coconut shell extract on the growth performance and some haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken
No full textThis experiment was carried out at Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India to evaluate the effect of coconut shell extract on the growth performance and some haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken. 240 – 1 day old Hubbard broiler chicks of mixed sex were randomly distributed to six treatments with six replicates containing ten birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment 1(T1) was fed standard diet with no coconut shell extract; T2: standard diet with 1.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water; T3: standard diet with 2.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water and T4: standard diet with 3.0 mL coconut shell extract per liter of water. Standard diet was formulated according to the nutritional needs of broilers. The study lasted for fifty-six day and birds were offered fresh clean water and feed ad libitum. Phenols (410.3 mg/g-1), tannins (98.21 mg/g-1), alkaloids (100.6 mg/g-1), flavonoids (309.5 mg/g-1), saponins (71.4 mg/g-1) and steroids (28.7 mg/g-1) were identified coconut shell extract. Overall weight gains of birds fed T3 (2506.3 g) and T4 (2527.6 g) had a numerical and a remarkable significant improvement if feed conversion ratio from 1.92 to 1.59 compared to T2 (2210.0 g) and T1 (1996.1 g). Mortality was only recorded among birds in T1 (2.00 %) (p < 0.05). Pack cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations were influenced (p < 0.05) by the treatments. However, values were within the normal range for healthy birds. Total protein, albumin and globulin values were higher in T2, T3 and T4 except for alanine phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values which were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among the treatment. Total cholesterol was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 relative to the other treatments. It was concluded that coconut shell extract can be fed to broilers up to 3.0 mL without causing any negative effect on the health status of animals
Effects of animal protein sources and sugarcane scraping-rumen content mixture on the performance of broiler chicken
No full textThe experiment was carried out to access the effect of animal protein sources (fishmeal and grasshopper meal) and sugarcane scrapping-rumen content mixture (SSRCM) on the performance of broiler chickens. The experiment lasted for 56 days. Two hundred and forty-one- day-old (Abor acre) was randomly allotted to eight dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times in a 4 by 2 factorial arrangement having 10 birds per replicate, vaccinations was administered, feed and clean drinking water were provided ad libitum. The diets were compounded to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with two animal protein sources. Treatments (FM + 0% SSRCM) and (GM + 0% SSRCM) were formulated without sugarcane scrapping-rumen content mixture (SSRCM) while (FM + 5% SSRCM), (GM + 5% SSRCM), (FM + 10% SSRCM), (GM + 10% SSRCM), (FM + 15% SSRCM) and (GM + 15% SSRCM) were formulated with SSRCM at 5, 10 and 15% inclusion level respectively with two animal protein sources (fishmeal and grasshopper meal) with (FM + 0% SSRCM) serving as the control diet. The results obtained showed that there was no significant (p > 0.05) differences between fishmeal and grasshopper meal in growth performance of broiler chickens. The result also showed that there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between 0% SSRCM and 5% SSRCM on weight gain of broilers but there was significant (p < 0.05) difference in growth performance of broiler chickens as the inclusion levels of SSRCM increased (10% and 15%). Based on these results, broiler chickens can strive well either grasshopper meal or fishmeal and sugarcane scrapping-rumen content mixture at 5% inclusion level relative to the other treatment
Evaluation of growth performance traits of F1 progenies derived from crossbred of an exotic chicken with Nigerian Indigenous chicken
No full textData were obtained for growth traits from fifty (50) progenies from straight crossing produced from crosses involving Arbor Acre (broiler) cocks and Nigerian Indigenous (Normal feather and naked neck) hens. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in breed and sex across all bodyweight and body linear measurements at 4-12 weeks of age. The result indicated that Arbor acre naked neck (AANN) birds had the highest body weight (120.95 g), keel length (5.11 g), and shank length (7.34 g). Also, AANN had the highest feed intake (148.40 g) with AANN having a good FCR of 3.98 and WG of 37.33. There were also similar body weights of AANN (456.20 g) and AANF (302.73 g) at 8 weeks of age, while the feed conversion rate was also observed to be better in AANN (1.61) than Arbor acre normal feather (1.70). The interaction effects of growth traits revealed slightly similar values for both sexes in AANF while male AANN outperformed across all parameters measured except for keel length It was concluded that Arbor Acre x Naked neck (AANN) had higher morphometric characteristics and also exhibited higher values for growth performance than Arbor Acre x Normal feather (AANF), hence can be utilized for meat purposes if further study can be conducted on it
Effect of animal manure on population dynamics of indigenous soil Bacillus spp.
No full textBacillus spp. are soil inhabitants, many of which play vital roles as biofertilizers and biopesticides in plant production. These bacteria derive their nourishment from soil organic carbon and nitrogen provided by organic matter. Reports indicate that animal manure increases the population and diversity of Bacillus spp. in the soil. However, there is limited information on which of the three commonly used animal manure (cattle, goat, and chicken) is more effective in multiplying Bacillus cells. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cattle, goat, and chicken manures, standard nutrient broth, and soil, as growth media, on the multiplication of 22 indigenous soil Bacillus spp. strains previously isolated from the cabbage rhizosphere. A Completely Randomized Design with five treatments replicated three times was used and the conditions were kept at room temperature. Both standard nutrient broth and sterilized soil media were used as controls. Colony-forming unit counts of Bacillus spp. were subjected to Log (x+1) transformation. One-way analysis of variance was used to generate mean differences and means separated using Duncan’s LSD test (p = 0.05). Linear curves were drawn to compare the growth trends for each Bacillus strain. The findings indicate that the growth of Bacillus spp. strains in animal manure were significantly higher than in the soil media. Growth in the soil media was significantly lower than in standard nutrient broth media growth. Results further show that the growth of the Bacillus spp. in all the media followed the normal growth curve of bacterial cells. Results from this study, therefore, suggest that amendment of soil with cattle, goat, and chicken manures enhances the growth and multiplication of soil Bacillus spp. and this has a positive effect on soil fertility. These manures can also be used in the commercial production of the bacillus bacteria as a biofertilizer and biopesticide. Biofertilizers are cheap, have long-term effects on soil fertility, and are health-friendly to the environment and the user
Interaction of some chalcone derivatives with calcium channels using a theoretical model
No full textFor several years, different drugs have been used to treat heart failure, such as digoxin, captopril, spironolactone, milrinone, levosimedam, dobutamine, and others. However, some of these drugs can produce secondary effects such as arrhythmia, cough, hyperkalemia, and others. Analyzing these data, this study aimed to evaluate the interaction of some chalcone derivatives (1-17) with calcium channels using theoretical models. It is important to mention that 7pjx protein, nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, and verapamil were used as theoretical tools in the DockingServer program. The results showed differences in the interaction of chalcone derivatives compared with nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, and verapamil drugs. Other data indicate that the inhibition constant (Ki) for chalcone analog 1 was lower compared with nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. Besides, other results suggest that Ki for compound 11 was lower compared with nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. All these data suggest that chalcone derivatives 1 and 11 could act as calcium channel inhibitors; this phenomenon could be translated into changes in blood pressure through a decrease in calcium intracellular levels. These data suggest that chalcone derivatives 1 and 11 could be good therapeutic alternatives to treat heart failure