Scientific Annals of Economics and Business
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How to Analyze the Association between Two Categorical Variables Based on Census Data with a High Level of Nonresponse
Get PDFStatistical surveys are often used in shaping managerial policy and practice. In this paper we study, how to analyze the association between two categorical variables based on census data with a high level of nonresponse. The purpose is to discuss the suggested approach to the investigation. We used the census data from the survey executed at one Slovak University for testing the new process. The proposed process offers the methods of analysis of the association between two categorical variables based on pseudo-population estimated from the census data with a high level of nonresponse. We recommend using the process in the surveys in which the costs of survey execution by the census are practically not different from sample survey costs, and the connections to all units of the population are available
The Effectiveness of the Huber's Weight on Dispersion and Tuning Constant: A Simulation Study
Get PDFDispersion measurement and tuning constants are critical aspects of a model's robustness and efficiency. However, in the presence of outliers, the standard deviation is not a reliable measure of dispersion in Huber's weight. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of the Huber weight function in terms of dispersion measurement and tuning constant. The simulation study was conducted on a hybrid of the autoregressive (AR) model and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with 10% and 20% additive outlier contamination. In the simulation analysis, three dispersion measurements were compared: median absolute deviation (MAD), interquartile range (IQR), and IQR/3, with two tuning constant values (1.345 and 1.5). The numerical simulation results showed that during contamination with 10% and 20% additive outliers, the IQR/3 outperformed the MAD and IQR. Our findings also showed that IQR/3 is a potentially more robust dispersion measurement in Huber's weight. The tuning constant of 1.5 revealed a decrease in resistance to outliers and increased efficiency. The proposed IQR/3 model with a constant tuning value (h) of 1.5 outperformed the AR(1)-GARCH(1,2) model while minimising the effect of additive outliers
Foreign Direct Investment-Growth Nexus in BRICS: How Relevant are the Absorption Capacities?
Get PDFThis study examined the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in BRICS using fixed effects, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Panel data ranging from 1991 to 2019 was used for the purposes of this study. The same study also explored whether financial sector and human capital development are necessary absorption capacities that enhance economic growth in BRICS. To a larger extent, foreign direct investment had a negative impact on economic growth in BRICS, consistent with the dependency theory. Financial development was also found to be the channel through which economic growth is enhanced by foreign direct investment. Although the influence was observed to be non-significantly negative, human capital development improved the influence of foreign direct investment on economic growth. BRICS authorities are therefore urged to implement human capital and financial development enhancement policies to ensure significant foreign direct investment’s positive influence on economic growth
Internet Adoption, Digital Divide, and Corruption: Evidence from ECOWAS Countries
Get PDFThis paper aims to extend the existing literature on Internet adoption and corruption by analyzing the factors impacting the digital divide and assessing the impact of Internet adoption on corruption reduction in the Economic Community of West African States (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo). The study uses fixed and random effect panel data techniques covering 17 years (2003-2019), to exploit the times series nature of the relationship between the digital divide and its determinants. In addition, it aims to assess the impact of internet adoption along with other control variables on corruption. The estimation results show that per capita income, human capital, age, population density, government effectiveness, political stability, and the rule of law significantly affect the digital divide in ECOWAS. The findings reveal also that internet adoption affects positively the level of corruption control; the impact of an increase in internet users of 1% implies an increase in corruption control between 0.05% and 0.06%
Financial Performance - Organizational Sustainability Relationship. Literature Review
Get PDFOrganizational sustainability efforts focus on three main areas: people, profit, and the environment (Elkington, 1998). With an increasing emphasis on sustainable development, economic entities are concerned with achieving long-term performance, the capacity to create value and to meet the needs of interest groups (investors, employees, customers, communities, local development), but also on the development, promotion and implementation of concrete actions for environmental protection. This study aims to identify the current stage of the relationship between sustainable development and financial performance, in order to identify key elements, trends and research gaps. Based on these considerations, we performed a quantitative analysis of a sample of 62 articles from 3 databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science), which we subsequently studied qualitatively
Audit Quality Review: An Analysis Projecting the Past, Present, and Future
Get PDFLiterature on audit quality remains plenteous, with researchers contemplating the area for 'forever and a day’. The present study proposes synthesising the existing literature on audit quality, discerning the prominent themes and providing future research avenues. This paper attempts to analyse and synthesise the dynamics of audit quality research by employing the diminuendos of systematic literature review with bibliometric and content analysis. Scopus database has been gleaned to systematically retrieve the literature on audit quality from 1981-2022. Analysing the 1101 relevant articles under review makes the USA the highest contributor. It is, however, enthralling to note that developing countries have also registered increased interest in the topic. Apart from the other documented findings, the study concluded that research has witnessed impeccable growth over the years under various lenses, which have been precisely synthesised into six clusters. While various reviews have been conducted using innumerable qualitative methods, this study attempts to employ quantitative methods to synthesise the extant literature, which is a rarity
Cryptocurrency Returns Over a Decade: Breaks, Trend Breaks and Outliers
Get PDFThis study finds breaks, trend breaks, and outliers in the last decade returns of five cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Tether USD, and Ripple that experienced frequent changes. The study uses the indicator saturation (IS) approach to simultaneously identify breaks, trend breaks, and outliers in these returns to gain a deeper understanding in their dynamics. The study found that monthly, weekly and daily breaks existed in these returns as well as trend breaks, and outliers mostly during the market peaks in 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021 that can be attributed to a number of things, such as the global Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the 2021 crypto crackdown in China, the 2020 price halving of Bitcoin, and the 2017–2018 initial coin offering (ICO) boom. These returns also have common break segments and outliers. The application of IS technique to cryptocurrencies and simultaneous detection of market breaks, trend breaks, and outliers makes this study unique. This study is limited to considering only returns of five digital coins. These results may help traders, investors, and financial analysts modify their tactics and risk-management techniques to deal with the complexity of the cryptocurrency market
Pretending to be Socially Responsible? The Role of Consumers’ Rewarding Behaviour
Get PDFExtant evidence on corporate social responsibility (CSR) shows that consumers are willing to pay a premium if they infer that the firm is truly "prosocial" (i.e if it is altruistic), but their valuation of the product will not increase as much (and may even decrease) if they believe the company has an ulterior motive for CSR (i.e. if the firm is opportunistic). We pose that the CSR level of investment can be strategically used as a signalling tool to help consumers identify the true nature of the firm and solve this incomplete information problem. Using a signalling game, where altruistic firms want to express their nature and opportunistic ones want to conceal it, we explore the relative effectiveness of consumers’ premiums and penalties (expressed as demand increases or decreases, respectively) in the promotion of corporate truth-revealing behaviour. We also characterize the conditions for market equilibria in which altruistic firms are distinguished from opportunistic ones, allowing consumers to solve the information asymmetry and, with that, influence firms’ profits. Contrary to what might be expected, we show that rewards for altruistic CSR and penalties for opportunistic CSR are not symmetrically effective. Our results help companies to improve their CSR decisions, by understanding how consumers solve the information asymmetry regarding the true nature of the CSR investments. Especially for altruistic firms, this may be important to guarantee that CSR effort and expenses are not just a cost but turn into higher revenues and profits
Guest Editor’s Introduction
No full textThe Globalization and Higher Education in Economics and Business Administration (GEBA) Conference has been sponsored by the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (AICU) and organized by the Faculty of Economics Business Administration (FEBA) in Iasi, Romania since 2008. GEBA allows scholars to exchange views on various aspects of business and economics. The conference seeks to encourage and facilitate international collaboration in Economics and Business Administration in Higher Education.
This special issue contains a staple of the peer-reviewed articles presented at the 2022 GEBA conference
How can Retailers Help Consumers to Recycle? Exploratory Views on the Romanian Market
Get PDFIn recent years, sustainability has become a concept brought more and more frequently to the attention of consumers. European directives and legislation in force regulate the sustainable behavior of retailers, mentioning the changes they must include in the company's vision, respectively the facilities they must implement to encourage consumers to recycle. Starting from these considerations, the article focuses on the importance of the 3 R's – Reuse, Recycle, Reduce and how these concepts are implemented in consumer behavior. From a practical perspective, the research analyzes the sustainable behavior of Generation Z, starting from the premise that this cohort shows a greater interest in protecting the environment. The results of the research provide information regarding the interest in the recycling process undertaken by young people, as well as aspects related to the motivations underlying this action or the places where it takes place. Thus, we will be able to observe whether the workplace, college, or reference group exerts a greater influence on recycling behavior. At the same time, the article aims to identify the measures that retailers adopt to encourage consumers to recycle. The research results allow the identification of solutions that can be adopted by retailers to optimize the recycling process