Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteNot a member yet
1861300 research outputs found
Sort by
Islamic Law and Legal Authority in Inner Asia Under Russian Imperial Rule: A Historiographical Survey
No full textThis article presents a historiographical survey of scholarship on Islamic law and legal authority in Central/Inner Asia under Russian Imperial rule. It analyzes the debates, paradigms and assumptions that have dominated the field up to the present. The binaries that have dominated the field—between cooperation and insulation, rupture and continuity—disguise the complex legal history of the region. The historiography has shifted to emphasize a more pluralistic legal landscape, shaped by imperial intervention, local custom, practical considerations, and agency of ordinary Muslims. I suggest that by integrating a variety of sources, both archival and Islamic, scholars can take a bolder anthropological turn to develop new directions in historiography that will involve studying the lived experiences of legal actors and ordinary Muslims, gendered dimensions of legal practice, the meanings of socio-legal institutions, and the daily interaction between religious scholars and their communities
Optimizing a Mix of Forage Cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera), Tifton (Cynodon sp.) Hay and Urea for Efficient Feeding of Ruminants in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Ecotype
No full textProlonged drought and resource scarcity have limited feed availability for livestock in arid and semi-arid regions, necessitating strategic resource management to sustain cattle productivity. This study evaluated the use of spineless cactus as an alternative feed ingredient for ruminants in dryland areas. The experiment assessed in vitro cumulative gas production from silages of Miúda forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) combined with Tifton 85 Bermuda Grass (Cynodon sp.) hay and varying levels of urea (1%, 2%, and 3% on a dry matter basis) as a nitrogen source. Traditional supplements comprising Tifton hay, wheat bran, soybean meal, and urea served as controls. Kinetic organic matter degradation parameters exceeded 60%. Dry matter degradability was similar across all urea levels at six hours but diverged over time, with the 3% urea treatment showing lower degradability at 48 and 96 h. Organic matter degradability varied throughout incubation, with the 2% urea treatment performing best. Overall, these findings suggest that silage made from native Miúda forage cactus combined with Tifton hay and up to 2% urea can serve as an effective alternative roughage to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants, particularly during periods of feed scarcity in arid environments
Leveraging the Individualized Metabolic Surgery Score to Predict Weight Loss with Tirzepatide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
No full textBackground/Objectives: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) achieve less total body weight loss (TBWL) with obesity medications compared to those without T2D. The individualized metabolic surgery (IMS) score, originally developed to predict T2D remission after bariatric surgery, inversely correlates with TBWL response to semaglutide. IMS reflects T2D severity, incorporating HbA1c and T2D duration and medication use. This study aims to evaluate TBWL with tirzepatide across IMS severity categories and identify predictors of response in a real-world cohort. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 717 adults with T2D using tirzepatide for overweight or obesity within the Mayo Clinic Health System. Patients were stratified by IMS severity (mild, moderate, severe) and quartiles. Primary endpoint: TBWL% at 15 months. Secondary endpoints: categorical thresholds (≥5%, ≥10%, ≥15%, ≥20%) and predictors of TBWL%. Linear mixed-effects models and regression models were employed. Results: At 15 months, TBWL was greater in mild versus severe IMS groups (14.8% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.015), with similar trends across quartiles. The proportion achieving ≥ 20% TBWL was nearly two-fold higher in mild versus severe IMS (27% vs. 14%, p = 0.03). Female sex independently predicted greater TBWL, whereas insulin use, higher T2D medication burden (particularly weight-promoting agents), and HbA1c > 7% were associated with less TBWL. Conclusions: Tirzepatide produced clinically meaningful TBWL across all IMS categories, although TBWL declined with increasing IMS severity. Glycemic control and T2D medication use emerged as strong predictors of TBWL. The IMS score may serve as a practical tool to anticipate weight-loss trajectories, guide personalized treatment decisions, and inform patient counseling
Effect of Targeted Yoga Practice on PMS Symptoms, Body Composition, and Hip Mobility: An Eight-Week Pilot Study
No full textPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) negatively affects women’s physical performance, emotional balance, and quality of life. Although pharmacological therapies exist, their side effects and limited effectiveness highlight the need for alternatives. This partially controlled, non-blinded, non-randomized prospective pilot study included 34 women aged 18–40 years and examined the effects of an eight-week structured yoga program. Participants met the same eligibility criteria and were comparable at baseline in age, sociodemographic characteristics, and PMS severity. The study group attended two weekly 90-min hatha yoga sessions and completed a 15-min daily home practice, while controls maintained their usual physical activity. Outcome measures included body composition, hip range of motion, spinal mobility (flexion and lateral flexion), and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) scores. After eight weeks, the yoga group showed significant reductions in body weight and fat mass and an increase in muscle mass. Hip external rotation improved significantly among yoga participants, while changes in spinal mobility did not reach statistical significance. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in PMS symptom severity, while the control group showed no significant change. The findings suggest that regular yoga practice can enhance physical functioning and alleviate PMS-related symptoms, supporting its role as a movement-based approach for improving women’s health
Breed-Dependent Divergence in Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Composition Between White King and Tarim Pigeons
No full textFatty acid composition of skeletal muscle is an important determinant of meat quality in poultry. In this study, we compared the breast muscle fatty acid profiles of White King (BW, n = 25) and Tarim (TM, n = 23) pigeons using targeted fatty acid quantification under identical feeding and management conditions. Sixteen differential fatty acids were identified, with TM pigeons exhibiting significantly higher levels of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1n9c), and linoleic (C18:2n6c) acids (p < 0.001). Principal component analysis revealed clear separation between breeds, reflecting distinct fatty acid composition patterns. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation indicated that differential fatty acids were associated with pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation, and degradation. Together, these results describe breed-specific differences in breast muscle fatty acid composition and provide a descriptive biochemical reference for understanding variation in meat quality-related traits among pigeon breeds
Mechanisms and Critical Thresholds of Cold Storage Duration-Modulated Postharvest Quality Deterioration in Litchi Fruit During Ambient Shelf Life
No full textWhile cold storage is essential to extend the postharvest preservation of litchi fruit, the abrupt transfer to ambient temperature during supply chain transitions may trigger rapid quality degradation. However, the comprehensive mechanisms and critical threshold of post-transfer quality deterioration remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, litchi fruits were stored at 4 °C for 10, 20, and 30 days, followed by simulated shelf life at 25 °C. Key indicators, including appearance quality, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic oxidation, were monitored, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine quality deterioration thresholds. Litchi subjected to 30 d of cold storage exhibited significantly accelerated pericarp browning compared to those stored for 20 d and 10 d, with the browning index increasing by 25.7% (vs. 20 d) and 41.9% (vs. 10 d), respectively, after 24 h of ambient exposure. This was accompanied by a significant impairment of the antioxidant system. Compared to the fruits stored for 10 d and 20 d, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) were substantially decreased in the 30 d group, with reductions ranging from approximately 9% to 28%. Concurrently, the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity also declined. Meanwhile, 30 d of storage activated the browning-related enzymes: anthocyanase and peroxidase (POD) activities increased by 1.2- to 3.6-fold, and poly-phenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased by 11% to 37%, compared to the 10 d and 20 d groups, respectively. In contrast, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was inhibited by 56.9%. It also enhanced membrane lipid metabolism disorders, which aggravated cell structure damage and oxidative stress. For practical application, PCA identified 10 d (4 °C) + 6 h (25 °C), and 20 d (4 °C) + 12 h (25 °C) as the optimal and critical quality thresholds, respectively. This study reveals the interactive regulatory relationship between cold storage duration and ambient exposure time mediated by oxidative stress, enzymatic browning, and membrane lipid metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for developing time-temperature-quality models to reduce postharvest losses in litchi
Research Progress on Asphalt–Aggregate Adhesion Suffered from a Salt-Enriched Environment
No full textSalt permeation erosion is a key factor leading to the deterioration of service performance and shortening the lifespan of asphalt pavement in salt-rich areas. In this environment, the combined action of water and salt accelerates the decline in the asphalt–aggregate interface, leading to distress, such as raveling and loosening, which severely limit pavement durability. The authors systematically reviewed the research progress on asphalt–aggregate adhesion in a saline corrosion environment and discussed the complex mechanisms of adhesion degradation driven by intrinsic factors, including aggregate chemical properties, surface morphology, asphalt components, and polarity, as well as environmental factors, such as moisture, salt, and temperature. We also summarized multi-scale evaluation methods, including conventional macroscopic tests and molecular dynamics simulations, and revealed the damage evolution patterns caused by the coupled effects of water, salt, heat, and mechanical forces. Based on this, the effectiveness of technical approaches, such as asphalt modification and aggregate modification, is explored. Addressing the current insufficiency in research on asphalt adhesion under complex conditions in salt-rich areas, this study highlights the necessity for further research on mechanisms of multi-environment interactions, composite salt erosion simulation, development of novel anti-salt erosion materials, and intelligent monitoring and early warning, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the weather-resistant design and long-term service of asphalt pavement in salt-rich regions
Genetic Evolution of Melanoma: Comparative Analysis of Candidate Gene Mutations in Healthy Skin, Nevi, and Tumors from the Same Patients
No full textMelanocytic tumorigenesis is thought to occur through stepwise genomic evolution from normal skin to nevi and, ultimately, melanoma. To investigate this progression, we performed targeted deep sequencing of a 46-gene panel in matched healthy skin, nevus, and melanoma samples from 15 patients, including 14 complete tissue trios. Mutation burden increased progressively across tissues, with median mutation counts rising from benign skin to nevi and showing the highest levels in melanoma, consistent with cumulative somatic alterations. Canonical MAPK pathway mutations were common: BRAF V600E and NRAS Q61 variants were detected in many nevi and melanomas and were shared between lesions in 8 of 15 patients, providing direct evidence of clonal continuity. Variant allele frequencies for driver and nonsynonymous mutations were higher than those of passenger and synonymous mutations, reflecting selective expansion of functionally relevant clones. UV-signature substitutions were abundant, particularly among synonymous variants, suggesting background mutagenesis without clonal advantage. Melanoma-private mutations in genes such as ARID1A, ARID2, PIK3CA, and CDKN2A indicated additional late events contributing to malignant progression. Overall, this study supports a model in which many melanomas evolve from pre-existing nevi through sequential acquisition and clonal amplification of somatic mutations, while also revealing heterogeneous evolutionary trajectories
Effects of an Agro-Healing Horticultural Intervention on Stress, Self-Esteem, and PANSS Scores in Inpatients with Schizophrenia: A Quasi-Experimental Study
No full textBackground: Developing and implementing diverse interventions is imperative for addressing schizophrenia in the context of deinstitutionalization policies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an agro-healing horticultural therapy as a psychosocial rehabilitation program for inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilizes a non-equivalent control group pre–post design to assess the efficacy of a therapeutic horticulture program for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Results: This study’s findings supported the initial hypothesis, as the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress, with post-test scores differing significantly between groups (Z = −2.11, p = 0.035). Hypothesis 2, which examined self-esteem, was rejected because no statistically significant differences were found between groups (Z = −0.57, p = 0.566). Hypothesis 3 was supported, as the experimental group’s Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores decreased following treatment, with significant post-treatment differences between groups (Z = −3.43, p < 0. 001). Conclusions: The agro-healing horticultural therapy program in this study effectively reduced stress and PANSS scores among inpatients with schizophrenia. Combining this intervention with medication may enhance rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for patients afflicted with schizophrenia
Retained Amniochorionic Tissue Managed with Office Hysteroscopy Using a 16 Fr Bipolar Mini-Resectoscope Under Nitrous Oxide Analgesia: A Case Report of “Positive Hysteroscopy”
No full textBackground: Retained products of conception (RPOC) after term delivery are uncommon but may lead to persistent abnormal uterine bleeding and other complications. Hysteroscopic removal is considered the optimal management strategy, and technological advances have increasingly enabled operative procedures to be performed safely in an office setting. Clinical case: We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with intermittent spotting four months after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a small, avascular hyperechoic intrauterine lesion consistent with retained amniochorionic tissue. She underwent office hysteroscopic removal using a 16 Fr bipolar mini-resectoscope under nitrous oxide (N2O) buccal–nasal analgesia. The procedure was performed using a vaginoscopic, no-touch approach without speculum, tenaculum, or cervical dilation. Complete resection was achieved in a seven-minute procedure, with a postoperative pain score of 2/10 on the VAS and no complications. At 30-day follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, and an ultrasound confirmed complete resolution. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that retained amniochorionic tissue can be safely and effectively treated in a fully ambulatory setting using mini-resectoscopic technology and N2O analgesia. The combination of minimally invasive instruments, patient-centered procedural strategies, and well-tolerated analgesia supports the growing role of office operative hysteroscopy for selected complex intrauterine conditions