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Patients’ Awareness Regarding Eye Care at Community Vision Center in Bangladesh
Get PDFBackground: Visual impairment is a critical public health challenge, with significant burdens in Bangladesh exacerbated by an urban-rural disparity in eye care resources. The establishment of Community Vision Centers (CVCs) aims to decentralize and improve access to primary eye care. However, the success of this initiative is contingent on patients' awareness and health-seeking behavior. This study assessed the level and determinants of eye care awareness among patients utilizing CVCs in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to October 2024 at two CVCs in the Dhaka and Rangpur divisions. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 165 patients were selected. Data were collected via a validated, interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Awareness was assessed using a 10-item Likert scale and categorized into low, moderate, and high levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analyses.
Results: The mean age of participants was 41.61 (±15.64) years, with a majority being female (55.8%), rural residents (68.5%), and having moderate income. Overall, 54.5% of patients had high awareness and 45.5% had moderate awareness; no patients had low awareness. However, critical knowledge gaps were identified: 78.2% had no prior knowledge of eye care, 64.8% were unaware of the CVC before their visit, and 62.4% were unaware that diabetes and hypertension increase eye disease risk. Awareness was significantly higher among younger, more educated, urban, and higher-income patients (p<0.05). Prior knowledge of eye care and information about the CVC were also strong predictors of higher awareness scores (p<0.001).
Conclusion: While aggregate awareness levels were moderate to high, significant socio-economic disparities and specific knowledge deficits persist. The CVC model is well-received but requires integrated, targeted public health education campaigns focused on vulnerable populations to address awareness gaps and maximize utilization
BIOPOLITICS, REGULATORY POLITICS, AND FOREIGN POLICY: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACTS OF DRUG, ALCOHOL, AND TOBACCO ECONOMIES (1981-2025)
Get PDFThis study examines the effects of drug, alcohol, and tobacco economies on public health during the period 1981-2025 at the intersection of biopolitics, regulatory politics, and foreign policy. The population management strategies of modern states are shaped not only within national borders but also through international cooperation mechanisms. The research questions how states' regulatory approaches to these three economic domains serve functions of legitimizing health protection while simultaneously providing diplomatic advantages and strengthening security strategies. The theoretical framework of the study presents an original analytical perspective by integrating Foucault's biopolitical approach with the institutional tools of regulatory politics and the strategic dimension of foreign policy. The analysis conducted using qualitative research methods reveals the transformation of global governance structures, the reshaping of state sovereignty practices, and the role of international organizations in enhancing regulatory capacity. The findings demonstrate that health-based justifications are integrated with security and economic discourses, regulatory policies are shaped by compliance with international norms, yet the concern for protecting national interests does not narrow sovereignty domains. The study reveals that border security and smuggling control are fundamental areas where biopolitical strategies materialize, and the influence of multinational corporations on regulatory processes is increasing. In conclusion, future biopolitical strategies need to be integrated with global processes such as climate change, migration movements, and digital transformation, and supported by democratic participation and accountability mechanisms
Berwald Covariant Derivative and Lie Derivative of Conharmonic Curvature Tensors in Generalized Fifth Recurrent Finsler Space
Get PDFThis paper builds upon new define for the conharmonice curvature tensor in generaralized fifth recurrent Finsler space that Cartan’s fourth curvature tensor in sense of Berwald - via Lie derivative. We define a new conharmonic curvature tensor and explore its relationships with other established curvature tensors. Through various mathematical operations, including the Berwald covariant derivative and the Lie derivative, we derive new expressions for the conharmonic tensor and its interactions with other curvature tensors. The main results include the commutativity of the Berwald covariant derivative of the fifth order with the Lie derivative, as well as the distributivity of the Lie derivative over the addition of curvature tensors. Additionally, we establish several theorems and corollaries that enhance the understanding of the behavior of curvature tensors in
GBK-5RFn.
Subject Classification: 53B40, 53C60, 53C25
The effects of incentives and rewards in motivating virtual assistants in Naga City, Camarines Sur
Get PDFThe shift to remote work has reshaped employment practices, highlighting the essential role of virtual assistants (VAs) in supporting businesses globally. This study investigated the effects of incentives and rewards on motivating VAs in Naga City, Camarines Sur. Specifically, it aimed to determine the types of monetary and non-monetary incentives most effective in motivating VAs, examine how these incentives influence work efficiency, productivity, and job satisfaction, and propose an enhancement program to sustain and improve motivation. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed 100 respondents to gather data on the motivational impact of various rewards. Findings revealed that tailored incentives, such as productivity bonuses and non-monetary recognitions like professional growth opportunities, significantly enhance work performance and satisfaction. Guided by Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, an enhancement program was designed to address VAs' needs. This program includes skill development workshops, wellness initiatives, and recognition schemes to foster engagement and collaboration. The study offers valuable insights for employers and stakeholders on optimizing remote workforce management through structured motivational strategies. Implementing these approaches ensures a more productive and satisfied VA workforce, contributing to organizational success in an increasingly competitive digital economy. This research highlights the importance of aligning incentives with employee needs to achieve sustainable workplace motivation, and more engaged, productivity driven work force in delivering organizational success
Innovative Visitor Attraction Products and Services in a Digital World and Tourists’ Satisfaction in the Hospitality/Tourism Industry
Get PDFDespite the abundance of technology in this current dispensation, there is still inadequate knowledge of certain visitor attraction products or services in the tourism industry which often results into low patronage owing to tourist dis-satisfaction, and this therefore calls the attention of researchers. This study hereby examines the effect of implementing visitor attraction innovative products and services in a digitalized world to enhance tourist satisfaction in the hospitality and tourism industry. The dimensions of the predictor variable include; AI-Enhanced cultural tours, astute travel planning, eco-friendly experiences and virtual reality tours, while the outcome variable is tourist satisfaction. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of AI-Enhanced cultural tours, astute travel planning, eco-friendly experiences and virtual reality tours on tourist satisfaction. To achieve these objectives, the researcher employed a descriptive cross-sectional approach, and regression model to test the research hypotheses. The statistical results revealed that AI-enhanced cultural tours and eco-friendly experiences has significant effect on tourist satisfaction; astute travel planning and virtual reality tours haveno significant effect on tourist satisfaction.Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that both staff and guests/tourist in the tourism industry should be educated continuously using digital mechanism about the trending new products and services in the tourist industry just like other developed nations
Investigating the Prevalence, associated Risk Factors of Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury among hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at Almarj Teaching Hospital, Libya
Get PDFAbstract: With a variety of consequences resulting from the disease, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial influence on global health. Among these, acute kidney damage (AKI) has become a serious issue, especially for patients who are admitted to hospitals. Acute kidney damage (AKI) affects about 10% of these patients.
Objective: Evaluating the prevalence of CA-AKI and determine risk factors and knowing how this illness affects COVID-19 mortality.
Methods: single-centered retrospective study which was conducted in 2024. It encompassed the medical records of hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 infection patients who were admitted to isolation department of Elmarj Teaching Hospital in a specific period from August 21, 2020 to December 31 2021.
Results: Community acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) was observed in 55 patients (31.3%).Among non-survivors, 78.2% experiencing AKI. In comparison, among survivors and only 21.8%. Predictors of CA-AKI in COVID-19 patients based on logistic regression. Age, Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SO2. Conversely, oxygen saturation (SO2) was negatively correlated with AKI.
Conclusion: About one third of COVID-19 patients developed CA-AKI .These patients had higher mortality rate. CA-AKI were associated with aging, comorbidity and clinical aspect of patient. We recommend that healthcare providers closely observe kidney function and implement effective multimodal therapies when managing patients with COVID-19
Assessing Dentists' Awareness and Strategies for Managing Patients with Heart Failure
Get PDFObjective: Heart failure (HF) patients pose unique challenges for dental practitioners due to the complex medical conditions and medications associated with HF. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, clinical practices, confidence, and training needs of dentists in managing HF patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 202 dentists. The survey explored demographic characteristics, knowledge of HF, clinical practices, confidence in managing HF-related emergencies, and interest in further training. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests, were used to identify associations between factors such as experience, training, and confidence levels.
Results: Only 38.6% of respondents had formal training in handling medically compromised patients, while 65.3% were aware of HF-related oral health complications. The most commonly recognized HF symptoms were shortness of breath (81.7%) and swollen legs (73.3%). Anticoagulants (67.8%) and beta-blockers (55.4%) were identified as the most relevant medications affecting dental treatment. Although 63.9% of dentists always inquired about cardiovascular history, only 21.8% regularly consulted a cardiologist before treating HF patients. Confidence in managing HF emergencies was moderate, with 55.0% feeling somewhat confident and 26.7% not confident. Importantly, 79.7% of dentists expressed interest in HF training workshops. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between dentists' years of experience and confidence in managing HF emergencies (p = 0.003), as well as a significant difference in confidence levels between those with formal training (M = 3.5, SD = 0.9) and those without (M = 2.8, SD = 1.1, p = 0.002).
Conclusions: While dentists generally possess good awareness of HF symptoms and associated oral health risks, there are significant gaps in clinical management and confidence in handling HF-related emergencies. Further education and structured training programs are essential to improve dentists’ preparedness and ensure better care for HF patients. Enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration with cardiologists is also recommended to improve patient outcomes
Readiness of high school literature teachers for the new periodic assessment format in 2025: A case study in Thai Nguyen Province
Get PDFThis study investigates the readiness of high school literature teachers in Thai Nguyen province for the implementation of the new periodic assessment format, aligned with Vietnam's 2018 General Education Program. The research focuses on three key aspects: teachers’ awareness of the new assessment framework, their preparedness in terms of skills and resources, and the challenges they face in adapting to these reforms. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 150 teachers through an online survey distributed via Zalo and Facebook groups. The results reveal that while teachers demonstrate strong awareness of the objectives and requirements of the new assessment format, significant challenges remain in terms of time management, access to resources, and practical training. Teachers in rural and mountainous areas report additional barriers due to limited support and infrastructure. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS 20.0, highlights the need for targeted interventions, such as ongoing professional development and enhanced access to teaching resources, to ensure an equitable and effective transition to competency-based assessments. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and educational leaders to support teachers in implementing this critical reform
Artificial Intelligence, Neocolonialism, and the Future of Education in Nigeria
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) is often considered as a transformational influence in global education; yet, its implementation in Nigeria prompts significant issues about digital neocolonialism, epistemic justice, and the nature of knowledge dissemination. This paper employs the contextual hermeneutic research method to examine the intersection of AI, neocolonialism, and the future of education in Nigeria, critically analyzing the extent to which AI-driven educational systems function as instruments of cultural imperialism instead of facilitating intellectual emancipation. The study's findings indicated that infrastructural difficulties restrict AI accessibility, bolster the supremacy of foreign AI businesses in Nigeria's education sector, and facilitate the exploitation of student data by external actors. It additionally disclosed that prejudices are ingrained in AI algorithms, which denigrate African intellectual traditions and facilitate the deterioration of cultural identity. In reaction to these neocolonial complexities, the study recommended adecolonial framework for AI in education—one that actively integrates indigenous knowledge systems, cultivates technical autonomy, and opposes the imposition of external intellectual frameworks. This paper argued that the future of education in Nigeria depends not on the complete adoption of AI, but on the intentional development of a hybrid educational model that integrates technological progress with local intellectual traditions, ensuring that AI acts as a means of epistemic liberation rather than digital oppression
Dynamics of teacher non-verbal communication on secondary schools students’ character development in the South West region of Cameroon
Get PDFThe prevalence of character crises and antisocial behaviour among secondary school students in Cameroon and the South West Region in particular, has raised significant concerns. This work explores the influence of teacher non-verbal communication as a component of hidden curriculum practices on students’ character development in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. In an attempt to answer the question: “How does teacher non-verbal communication influence the character development of secondary school students in the South West Region of Cameroon?”, data were collected from 400 students and 30 teachers through questionnaires and interviews respectively. A 96.25% response rate was achieved. Chi-square analysis was conducted to assess relationships between teacher non-verbal communication and character development, while qualitative interviews provided deeper insights into this relationship.Quantitative findings revealed significant relationships between teacher non-verbal communication (chi-square value = 62,104, p < 0.05) and students’ character development. Qualitative data indicated that positive non-verbal behaviours from teachers, such as encouraging gestures, eye contact and body language, fostered a supportive classroom environment that enhanced student engagement and motivation, made students feel valued and respected, significantly impacting their self-esteem and willingness to participate