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Macroeconomic Variables and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Get PDFThis study investigated the relationship between macroeconomic variables and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa countries from 1993 to 2022. The study specifically examined the influence of exchange, interest, and unemployment rates on gross domestic product. The study utilized data obtained from the annual reports of the Central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank Development Indicators, and Index Mundi. The study employed descriptive statistics, panel unit root test, Hausman test, and Panel Ordinary Least Square (POLS) techniquesat the 5% significance level. The unit root analysis indicated that all variables are stationary at the level, necessitating the use of the Hausman test which demonstrated that the random effect Pools approach is the most appropriate. The result showed that interest and exchange rates are negative and significant to gross domestic product; whereas, unemployment rate is positive and significant to gross domestic product. The study concluded that exchange rate, interest rate, and unemployment significantly influence the economic growth of Sub-Saharan African countries. Amongst others, the study recommended for the expansion of exports to decrease reliance on a limited selection of goods. By establishing a more equitable trading framework and minimizing susceptibility to external disturbances, this measure may effectively stabilize the currency exchange rate
Dynamics of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Franc CFA Zone: A Review of the Literature
Get PDFThe effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy within a monetary union has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years, particularly in the context of complex and overlapping global crises and economic shocks. This is especially true for African countries, whose economic challenges have long been associated with monetary dependency. This paper focuses on the dynamics of monetary and fiscal policies in the CFA Franc zone, which comprises two groups of West and Central African countries that share a common currency pegged to the euro and operate under a unified central bank. Specifically, it examines whether monetary policy has been effective in addressing supply and demand shocks in the markets. The paper conducts a systematic review of the literature from 1980 to 2023. Both theoretical and empirical studies are examined. Additionally, we discuss the instruments and effectiveness of monetary policy in the Franc zone, along with the challenges and prospects for its future evolution. The literature generally suggests that the Franc Zone has achieved a certain level of macroeconomic stability and convergence; however, it also faces significant constraints regarding its monetary autonomy and fiscal policy coordination. There is substantial evidence indicating that monetary policy in the Franc Zone is largely passive, and the region lacks the characteristics of an optimum currency area that would enhance its effectiveness. We propose several potential reforms to enhance the performance and resilience of the monetary union, including strengthening its institutional framework, diversifying its economic structure, and deepening its financial integration. Additionally, we recommend that future studies explore reforms aimed at making the CFA Franc an optimal currency area, as well as examining the autonomy thesis within the Franc zone
Airlines Marketing Attributes and Customers ‘Loyalty in Rivers State, Nigeria: An Empirical Evaluation
Get PDFDespite the efforts of airlines to differentiate and position their organizations for successful operations in the competitive aviation business, however, mantaining customers’ loyalty appears to be a growing concern and challenge to managers in the sector in Nigeria. This study therefore assessed the effect of airlines marketing attributes on customers’ loyalty at the Port Harcourt International Airport, Rivers State.This study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design whereby primary data were obtained from 246 passengers of functional airlines at Port Harcourt International Airport through the questionnaire method. The data were analysed using simple percentage, mean score, standard deviation and multiple regression aided by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that airlines’ marketing attributes dimensions( affordability, staff friendliness and online booking) were not well perceived by passengers and therefore not significant enough earn passengers’ loyalty. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that all the dimensions of airline marketing attributes did not have a significant effect on customers’ loyalty. The study recommended reduction in air fare, improvement in air travel processes at the airport and better customer relationship management strategies for customers’ retention
Identification Morfological Characteristic of Lai (Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc.) Endemic to East Kalimantan in Batuah Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Get PDFLai (Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc) is one of the durian relatives that is quite prospective to be developed into a superior commodity because it has a characteristic aroma that is not too pungent and the color of the fruit tends to be yellow to reddish. This research was conducted in Batuah, Kutai Kartanegara from March to July 2023, in 2 places, namely kilometer 26 and kilometer 30 of Batuah. This study shows that the morphological character shows Lai has a leaf width of 10.79 cm, a leaf length of 29.38 cm, and a petiole length of 2.6 cm. Morphological characters of the stemshow lai hasa diameter of the stem of 34.39 cm, a diameter of the branch of 10.52 cm, and a height of branch-free boundary of 162.79 cm. The morphological character of the flower, lai has 48 pieces of stamens in each bud, pistil length is 7.53 cm, and length is 7.94 cm. Fruit morphological characters, fruit length of 14.31 cm, fruit circumference of 46.73 cm, fruit stalk length of 2.86 cm, The Shape of the fruit is star-shaped, rounded, and square, thorn length of 0.93 cm, skin thickness of the fruit is 0.62 cm, lai fruit skin color in the Orange, Yellow, and Yellow Orange groups, lai fruit flesh color is in between Orange and Yellow Orange groups, flesh thickness is 0.72 cm, seed length 4.18 cm, seed diameter 21.59 mm, the color of the seeds is in the Greyed Orange and Greyed Red color groups.The location of the study influences the morphological character of Lai. Lai morphology at the research site km 30 has better results than at the research site km 25
SERUM TRACE ELEMENTS PICTURE IN SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HBSS AND HBAA INDIVIDUALS AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic hemoglobinopathy associated with oxidative stress and altered trace element metabolism. This study evaluates the levels of key trace elements in SCA patients and their potential clinical implications.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. A total of 111 participants, including 74 SCA patients (37 in steady state and 37 in crises) and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HbAA), were recruited. Serum copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and chromium levels were measured using validated spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: SCA patients had significantly higher mean serum copper levels than controls (p < 0.001), while zinc, magnesium, selenium, and chromium levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between copper and zinc (r = -0.875, p < 0.001) and positive correlations between zinc and magnesium (r = 0.925, p < 0.001), selenium (r = 0.94, p < 0.001), and chromium (r = 0.918, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study highlights significant trace element imbalances in SCA patients, suggesting potential micronutrient deficiencies. Further research is needed to assess the clinical impact and potential benefits of targeted nutritional interventions in SCA management
MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS: Exploring it’s impact on academic performance of students in public senior secondary schools in Kano state
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to explore the relationship between students’ mental health and their academic performances in Kano state public senior secondary schools. The study adopted descriptive survey research design where 46 schools were selected using cluster sampling technique at the initial stage where we have 23 clusters considering the 23 zonal education directorate has grouped the schools in to clusters, and then systematic random sampling technique was adopted to obtain the number of school selected. The total population of the students in the schools selected is 41,458 where the researcher used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) population and sample table to draw the sample size of the students which translated to 380 students. The instrument for data collection is a self developed close ended questionnaire designed by the researcher titled students’ mental health scale (SMHS) with YES or NO options. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage and correlation coefficient with the aid of SPSS. The result shows that the majority of the students have moderate mental health problems, and there is a very weak positive correlation between students’ mental health and their academic performances in public senior secondary schools in Kano state
ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN PROMOTING VITALITY
Get PDFThe study assessed primary school teachers’ level of knowledge of the role of nutrition in promoting vitality in children. The study investigated primary school teachers’ knowledge of the role of nutrition in enhancing children’s vitality. A descriptive survey design was employed, guided by three research questions and one hypothesis. The study focused on all teachers in public and private primary schools within the Asaba metropolis. A total of 300 teachers 150 each from 10 public and 10 private schools were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Schools were purposively chosen, participants were stratified by school type, and respondents were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, 32-item questionnaire titled Teachers’ Level of Knowledge on Nutrition and Vitality among Pupils Questionnaire (TLKNVPQ). The instrument had two sections: Section A gathered demographic information, while Section B focused on teachers’ knowledge and practices regarding nutrition. Responses were rated on a four-point Likert scale, with formats including Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree and Very High Extent to Very Low Extent. The questionnaire was validated by two experts and tested for reliability using the split-half method, yielding an internal consistency coefficient of 0.83. With assistance from two trained research aides, 300 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, and 283 (94%) were returned and analyzed. Descriptive statistics, including mean scores and standard deviation, were used for analysis. Findings revealed among others that while teachers in both public and private schools understood the importance of balanced nutrition in promoting children’s physical energy and vitality, this knowledge was not consistently translated into classroom practices. Teachers rarely integrated discussions on healthy eating into lessons, seldom organized nutrition-focused activities, and infrequently invited health professionals to speak on healthy lifestyles or active meal programs. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that teacher education programs, both pre-service and in-service, should include mandatory coursework on nutrition and child health. This would help ensure that educators are well-equipped to support pupils’ physical growth, cognitive development, vitality, and emotional well-being through informed nutritional practices
SPOUSE’S PERCEPTION OF FUNDAMENTAL MARITAL RIGHTS: Uncovering the Truth behind the key factors of Domestic Violence
Get PDFThis study investigates the spouse’s perception of fundamental marital rights and their contribution to domestic violence in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The research examines key factors such as infidelity, financial stress, communication breakdown, substance abuse (from the male spouse's perspective), and control issues, emotional abuse, financial dependence, and resentment (from the female spouse's perspective) in relation to domestic violence. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing a multi-stage random sampling technique to select 40 households from each of 5 wards in 8 local government areas within Kano metropolis. A structured questionnaire using a three-point Likert scale was administered to 1,015 respondents (both male and female spouses) across the selected households. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques to assess the relationship between the independent variables and domestic violence. The results indicate that infidelity is the most significant factor influencing domestic violence from the male perspective, while financial dependence and resentment are significant for females. However, the overall explanatory power of both models remains low, suggesting the need for further exploration of additional factors contributing to domestic violence. The study concludes that domestic violence is influenced by multiple factors, with infidelity and financial dependence playing prominent roles. Recommendations include financial empowerment programs for women, marital counseling, and comprehensive domestic violence prevention initiatives. These findings contribute to the understanding of gender-specific dynamics of domestic violence and provide a basis for developing targeted interventions in Kano metropolis
An Assessment of the Negative Impacts of Drug Abuse on Student’s Academic Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Adamawa State
Get PDFDrug Abuse and its negative consequences has been a major source of worry for the family, authorities at all levels and the society at large. This study examined the causes of drug abuse, drugs that are commonly abused, how students have access to drugs, the relationship between drug abuse and academic performance and ascertained the age group that mostly abuse drugs. The study covered eleven tertiary institutions in Adamawa state including Federal, State-owned and Private institutions through the use of questionnaire, interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The data collected was from both primary and secondary sources, and was analyzed through the use of frequency distribution tables and simple percentages. The result of the study revealed that there is a relationship between drug abuse and poor academic performance. Recommendations were made so that those concerned can take appropriate measures to mitigate or halt drug abuses on campuses in Adamawa state
Information management in the era of information and communication technology: Experience of librarians in Nigeria
Get PDFThe study looked at “Information management in the era of information and communication technology: experience of librarians in Nigeria” the Information Management is an administrative process that include acquiring, validating, storing processing, and protecting required information/data to ensure the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of data for information nation users across the world. The organizations, institutions libraries and the governments are increasingly recognizing Also study investigated the level of information technology adoption and the impact of information management, digital literacy and attitude on the information technology adoption by librarians in academic libraries, in Nigeria, the importance of information management, documentation, curation and preservation of research data. Information management activities ensure long-term value and utilization of research data for new analyses and replication of study finding. Also 10 (ten) Headings/section were drawn to guide the study. The benefit of information management to librarians, concept of information management, librarians needs of digital libraries, literature on experience and skills need to be acquired as librarian, role of librarians in information management, information use in libraries, benefit of using Barcode System in libraries, importance of information technology in library services, challenges of ICT based in information Management and library services, and the lastly is conclusions and recommendation