International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology
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Characterization and Optimization Study of Transesterification of Non-Edible Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
No full textIn this study, calcium oxide (CaO) derived from waste bone was utilized as a catalyst for the transesterification of Neem seed oil (NSO) with methanol. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and Thermogravometric/differential thermal analysis. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with central composite design (CCD) was carried out to ascertain the best performing states and to improve the methyl ester output. The response changes being improved were: catalyst, concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and agitation speed. The transesterification process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with the central composite design approach. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was observed that the most significant criterion on methyl ester produced from methanolysis of neem oil was methanol to oil molar ratio and agitation speed. The predicted=91.2% output was established in good agreement with the analytical value of 92.0%, with R-squared value: 0.9966, Adj.R-squared value: 0.9904 and predicted R-squared value: 0.9846. The best methyl ester yield of 92.0% was achieved at 4h reaction time, with 4wt. % of catalyst weight and methanol to oil molar ratio of 8:1
Factors Affecting Improved Project Performance Using Lean Six Sigma Methods and Time Cost Trade Off for the Ammunition Warehouse Project of Indonesia
No full textWarehouse development in Indonesia has increased in 2013, data from the Ministry of Trade, in 2013 the number of warehouses in Indonesia is estimated to reach 9,300 units, up 18% from 2012, but the cost of building warehouses in Indonesia is relatively higher compared to some other countries. . A warehouse is a special, fixed facility designed to achieve the target service level with the lowest total cost. Warehouses are needed in the process of coordinating the distribution of goods, which arises as a result of an unbalanced supply and demand process. The lack of balance between the demand and supply processes encourages the emergence of inventory (inventory), inventory requires space as a temporary storage area known as a warehouse [1]. The main function of a warehouse is as a storage area for raw materials, intermediate goods, and a place for storing final goods. In the implementation of a construction project, the quality of work execution and the timing of the work are indicators of the success of a construction project. One of the aspects of quality and time is analyzed using the Lean Six Sigma method and Time Cost Trade Off. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the improvement of the project performance based on Lean Six Sigma and Time Cost Trade Off in the ammunition warehouse project. The tool used to obtain 10 influencing factors is using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciens). The results of the study of 10 influencing factors are 1. Inadequate planning and scheduling, 2. Job-plan execution, 3. Delay in drawing preparation and approval, 4. Cost reduction, 5. Relationship between management and labor, 6. relationships within the design team, 7. Lack of skilled manpower, 8. Flexibility, 9. Errors during construction, 10. Inaccurate prediction of craftsmen production levels. Therefore it is obtained, the optimization of time performance and quality of work on this ammunition warehouse project
Review of Routing Protocols in VANETs: Architecture, Technology, Challenges, Protocols and Application
No full text In recent years, a lot of research has been done on wireless technology. In wireless communications, VANET is the fastest-growing region. Vehicle_Ad_Hoc_Network(VANet) is sub from Mobile-Ad-Hoc_Network (MANet) which is used to improve safety in the road as well as the passenger experience, thus providing a differentiated approach to Intelligent Transportation System.
Analysis of Big Data Challenges and Different Analytical Methods
No full textBig Data holds a great potential to gain the insights of various academics and practitioners to enhance the decision-making process. Big Data Analytics is one of the most trending practices in the present time that organizations are adopting to construct valuable information from the big data. The data analytics methods help improve the operational efficiency of the company and drive new revenue streams and gain competitive advantages. The paper will shed light on the different challenges related to big data and different methods of data analysis. Further, it will talk about the method used for the research process, analysis of the data, and at last conclusion.
Method of Image Encryption By using Scrambling and Slant Transform
No full textNew image encryption methods such as Stage Scrambling and Slant Transform are allowing images to be scaled in new and powerful ways. The process of scaling image points, taking an average of the points’ value and then identifying how many points have changed, can increase the capabilities of image encryption. Slant Transform image coding possesses a “discrete saw tooth-like basis vector which efficiently represents linear brightness variations along an image line; A fast computational algorithm has been found for the transformation” [1].Slant Transform is when the first row and column, and last line and column were moved clockwise. The two rows and columns before them were carried out in the same mathematical operations and have been scaled with the rest, while the second line and column, and the line and column before the last were moved counter clockwise. The process was continued in opposite directions to all the lines and columns in the image, where the image is distorted and then applied slant transform in the image.
 
Integration of Lean Six sigma in Reducing Waste in the Cutting Disk Process with the DMAIC, VSM, and VALSAT Method Approach in Manufacturing Companies
No full textThe Indonesian Manufacturing Company is a manufacturing company that produces two-wheeled automotive spare parts. One of the products currently being supplied to several two-wheeled customers is the disc brake, rear sprocket, and drive sprocket. The opportunity to increase production output adjusted to high customer demand can be done by reducing waste activities. Therefore, an approach with a lean six sigma approach is needed using the integration method of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control), VSM (Value Stream Mapping), and VALSAT. This research aims to reduce production waste and reduce cycle time, which affects increasing production output to balance according to customer needs. Waste identification is explained in the Define stage at DMAIC using a big mapping image in Value Stream Mapping. Then a more in-depth analysis is carried out using the VALSAT tools at the Analyze stage, which is supported by WRM and WAQ questionnaire data. The Analyze stage was then carried out by analyzing using the FMEA method. Control is carried out by standardization and outreach to employees. This study aims to identify and reduce waste that occurs in the production area, especially line-cutting disks. Based on the VALSAT analysis, it was found that the four biggest wastes were motion, inventory, overproduction, waiting, transportation, and the process, which had five wasteful activities. First, the chuck design used is still separate; it should be improved by combining the soft jaw and chuck into one component. Second, the accumulation of material after M.H. Drilling is improved by combining inner and outer cutting processes into one process. Third, the counterbore process still uses the manual depth setting method using a micrometer which can be reduced by the process between M.H. Drilling, Counter Bore, and Mounting Hole Chamfering are made into one process, using Brother NC machines using hydraulic clamps. Fourth, the location between the inner and outer cutting machines with the mounting hole drilling is still too far away for improvement, namely, from the line cutting disk layout, a re-layout was made to U LINE. Fifth, human errors often occur during the chamfering process by adding a stopper to the machine to prevent human errors
CFD Analysis of Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation in Building Models
No full textThis paper studied wind-driven natural ventilation in a room using a computational fluid dynamics model in order to determine the airflow pattern, draft and pollutant dispersion within the CFD model. The different natural ventilation strategies were studied in cases namely: CASE 1(Single sided ventilation), CASE 2(Cross Ventilation), CASE 3(Bernoulli and Cross Ventilation), and CASE 4(Double single-sided ventilation). The CFD simulation was performed with the 3D steady-state RANS approach using RNG-KE turbulent model to provide closure. From the result obtained, the author found out that Firstly, CASE 1 and CASE 4 showed a reduced level of air draft (V< 0.2m/s) within the room unlike the CASE 2 and CASE 3 where the airspeed on the room occupants most especially at the ankle and head region were much higher than that recommended as per BS EN 7730. Secondly, CASE 2 showed greater efficiency in dealing with pollutant dispersion then followed by CASE 3 and CASE 4 respectively. The concentrations in almost every part of the room for CASE 2 were well within the acceptable range recommended for human occupancy as per BS EN 7730
Characteristics of M30 Grade Concrete using Copper Slag as Partial Replacement for River Sand as Fine Aggregate
No full textConcrete is the preferred construction material for a wide range of buildings, bridges, and any other civil engineering structures. It is the second most widely consumed substance on earth after water. Aggregates are considered as one of the main constituents of concrete since they occupy 70-80% of the volume of concrete. In many countries, there is a scarcity of natural aggregates. To reduce dependence on natural aggregates as the main source of aggregate in concrete, artificially manufactured aggregates generated from industrial wastes provide an alternative for the construction industry. Copper slag is one such industrial waste that can be implemented as an alternative for natural aggregate. Copper slag is an excellent by-product or waste material that retains its original properties. Due to its chemical composition which includes high iron, silica, and aluminum oxide content, it can be used as a partial replacement for sand in concrete mixes. This paper emphasizes COPPER SLAG CONCRETE which is a new evolution in the field of concrete design. Copper slag upon using as a partial replacement for river sand as fine aggregate can avoid the voids in the concrete and may increase the durability and strength of the structure. In this study M30 grade concrete mixes of 30%, 40%, and 50% replacement of river sand with copper slag are tested for compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths for the ages of 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days of curing
Lean Manufacturing Design to Reduce Waste in Customer Complaint Services Using Lean Principles in Coil Industry Companies, of Indonesia
No full textFor the needs of the automotive industry, in maintaining customer satisfaction, the company provides customer complaint handling services completed within five days of the complaint being made. From 2017 to February 2020, the average time needed to resolve customer complaints is 9.99 days. This study aims to determine the type of waste that occurs, determine the factors that cause delay in determining the ideal time to resolve customer complaints. Therefore, the approach in this study uses the integer method DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, and Improvement), VSM (Value Stream Mapping), and WAM (Waste Assessment Model). The integration of WAM and DMAIC methods can determine the types of waste that occur, namely Defect, Inventory, Overproduction, Motion, Transportation, Waiting, and Motion. The application of the DMAIC method is applied to determine the factors that cause waste, namely the markers used are easily lost and damaged, lack of customer knowledge of the needs, and availability of complaint samples. Other factors are, no customer complaint forms and guidelines, laboratory test work by one analyst, lack of analyst knowledge regarding SEM enlargement, the process with the same and repetitive activities. The analysis of data/information on complaints and laboratory test results is carried out simultaneously. In integrating VSM and DMAIC methods, the ideal time to resolve customer complaints can be determined to be 4.54 days, 0.82 days earlier than the company's target
Application of Lean Six Sigma Approach to Reduce Worker Fatigue in Racking Areas Using DMAIC, VSM, FMEA and ProModel Simulation Methods in Sub Logistic Companies: A Case Study of Indonesia
No full textA logistics company is a company engaged in providing services for receiving, storing, and shipping goods belonging to the leading company; these goods can be in the form of benthic materials, semi-finished materials, or finished materials. In day-to-day company activities, the company is obliged to provide a safe work environment from the dangers and risks of potential harm that employees may experience while working within the company premises. Based on this, this study aims to reduce the work risks in the shelf area. Therefore, the approach in this study uses the integer DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control), VSM (Value Stream Mapping), and FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analyze), and simulations using ProModel software. The DMAIC, VSM, and FMEA methods succeeded in determining the factors causing the damage to work facilities, namely human factors, equipment factors, environmental factors, and system factors in the company. ProModel simulation can show the difference in processing time before repairs and after repairs are made