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A multicenter, retrospective archive study of radiological and clinical features of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy
No full textTo evaluate radiological and clinical features in metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase+ non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy in different lines. This national, non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective archive screening study evaluated demographic, clinical, and radiological imaging features, and treatment approaches in patients treated between 2013-2017. Totally 367 patients (54.8% males, median age at diagnosis 54 years) were included. Of them, 45.4% were smokers, and 8.7% had a family history of lung cancer. On radiological findings, 55.9% of the tumors were located peripherally, 7.7% of the patients had cavitary lesions, and 42.9% presented with pleural effusion. Pleural effusion was higher in nonsmokers than in smokers (37.3% vs. 25.3%, P = .018). About 47.4% of cases developed distant metastases during treatment, most frequently to the brain (26.2%). Chemotherapy was the first line treatment in 55.0%. Objective response rate was 61.9% (complete response: 7.6%; partial response: 54.2%). The highest complete and partial response rates were observed in patients who received crizotinib as the 2nd line treatment. The median progression-free survival was 14 months (standard error: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 11.2-16.8 months). Crizotinib treatment lines yielded similar progression-free survival (P = .078). The most frequent treatment-related adverse event was fatigue (14.7%). Adrenal gland metastasis was significantly higher in males and smokers, and pleural involvement and effusion were significantly higher in nonsmokers-a novel finding that has not been reported previously. The radiological and histological characteristics were consistent with the literature data, but several differences in clinical characteristics might be related to population characteristics
Cocoa polyphenols and milk proteins: covalent and non-covalent interactions, chocolate process and effects on potential polyphenol bioaccesibility
No full textIn this study, we discussed covalent and non-covalent reactions between cocoa polyphenols and proteins (milk and cocoa) and the possible effects of these reactions on their bioaccessibility, considering environmental and processing conditions. Better insight into these interactions is crucial for understanding the biological effects of polyphenols, developing nutritional strategies, and improving food processing and storage. Protein-polyphenol reactions affect the properties of the final product and can lead to the formation of various precursors at various stages in the manufacturing process, such as fermentation, roasting, alkalization, and conching. Due to the complex composition of the chocolate and the various technological processes, comprehensive food profiling strategies should be applied to analyze protein-polyphenol covalent reactions covering a wide range of potential reaction products. This will help to identify potential effects on the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds such as low-molecular-weight peptides and polyphenols. To achieve this, databases of potential reaction products and their binding sites can be generated, and the effects of various process conditions on related parameters can be investigated. This would then allow to a deeper insight into mechanisms behind protein-polyphenol interactions in chocolate, and develop strategies to optimize chocolate production for improved nutritional and sensory properties
The potential of meeting the heat requirement of poultry farms in the Manisa region from solar radiation
No full textGünümüzde tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de enerji kaynaklarımızın risk altında olduğu bilinmektedir. Her geçen yıl bu kaynaklarımız giderek azalmaya devam etmektedir. Aslında en büyük enerji kaynağımız güneştir. Güneş enerjisinin temiz, güvenilir ve sınırsız bir kaynak olması göz önüne alındığında bu enerjiden daha fazla faydalanma talebi artmaktadır. Sanayi, hizmet ve tarım gibi birçok farklı sektör de en önemli ihtiyaçların başında enerji gelmektedir. Tarım sektörü içerisinde hayvansal üretim özellikle de kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde enerji ihtiyacı en önemli unsurların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda Manisa İli Akhisar ilçe sınırları içinde yer alan kümeslerde yetiştirilen kanatlı yetiştiriciliğin de özellikle soğuk mevsimlerde oluşan ısınma ihtiyacı, sıcak mevsimlerde ise soğutma ihtiyacı, aydınlatma ihtiyacı, sulama ve beslenme ihtiyacı ile işletmedeki diğer alanlarda oluşan enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasında güneş enerjisinin kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi ve bu yolla enerji maliyetlerinde oluşacak düşüşün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır Bu amaçla materyal olarak seçilen işletmenin daha önceki yıllarda oluşan enerji gereksinimleri incelenmiş, enerji gereksinimleri, enerji kayıpları (ısıtma, soğutma ve aydınlatma gibi) incelenerek analiz edilmiştir. İşletmede en büyük enerji gereksiniminin oluştuğu Aralık – Mart ayları arasındaki ısıtma ihtiyacının güneş enerjisiyle karşılanma durumu incelenmiş ve enerji maliyeti üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda ilgili dönemdeki enerji ihtiyacının % 53 güneş enerjisinden karşılanabileceği ve enerji maliyetinde yaklaşık % 76 tasarruf sağlanabileceği bulunmuştur.It is now widely acknowledged that our energy resources are under threat, both in Turkey and globally. These resources are in decline year on year. Indeed, the sun represents our most significant energy source. In light of the fact that solar energy is a clean, reliable and limitless source, there is a growing demand for its increased utilisation. Energy is a fundamental requirement in a multitude of sectors, including industry, services and agriculture. In the context of the agricultural sector, the production of animals, particularly poultry, represents a significant energy requirement. The objective of this study is to examine the potential of solar energy in meeting the energy needs of poultry farming in poultry houses located within the borders of Akhisar district of Manisa province. In particular, the study will investigate the applicability of solar energy for heating, cooling, lighting, irrigation and nutrition, as well as other energy requirements of the poultry farming enterprise. Additionally, the study will assess the potential for reducing energy costs through the utilisation of solar energy. In order to achieve this, the energy requirements of the enterprise selected as material in previous years were examined. This entailed an investigation into the energy requirements and energy losses (such as heating, cooling and lighting) and an analysis of the findings. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of solar energy to meet the heating needs of an enterprise between December and March, when the largest energy requirement occurs. In addition, the aim was to ascertain the effect of solar energy on energy costs. The study revealed that solar energy could meet 53% of the energy need in the relevant period and achieve approximately 76% savings in energy costs
Relationship between forensic medicine education, stress factors, and mobbing perception from the perspective of specialists in Turkey's universities
No full textIntroduction: The current situation needs to be presented with scientific data to ensure and improve the quality of specialist training. This study examined the quality of education, instructor competence, stress factors, mobbing, and their interconnections in the domain of forensic medicine specialty education in Turkey. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through an anonymous, web-based survey targeting forensic medicine specialists who have completed their specialist training in university forensic medicine departments within the last three years. The survey consisted of questions regarding issues included in the core education curriculum, educator characteristics, and perceptions of stress and mobbing. Based on the responses provided, the relationships between these factors were statistically analysed. Results: 72.7 % of the study population completed the survey. Nearly half of the participants (46.3 %) did not consider the number of instructors adequate. The quality of instructors (scientific competence, educational and teaching skills, interpersonal relations, accessibility, management, and problem-solving abilities) was determined to be partially sufficient (mean = 3.36). Approximately one-third of the respondents indicated that instructors made the greatest contribution to their specialist training, whereas the proportion of those who said otherwise was much higher. Education received for topics included in the core curriculum was partially sufficient level (mean = 3.04). It was observed that there was a significant relationship between the instructor characteristics, sufficiency score of the taught topics, and perception of mobbing (p < 0.01). The sufficiency scores of instructor characteristics had a 1.02-fold impact on sufficiency ratings of the topics covered in residency training. Among the respondents, 76.9 % reported encountering stress factors during their specialty training, with the most frequently exposed stress factor (52.2 %) being disorganisation within the training program. Among the participants, 22.8 % reported experiencing mobbing. Conclusions: Education and instructor qualifications were correlated; however, stress factors and mobbing adversely affected education. A close association was observed between education, instructors, stressors, and mobbing. Thus independent and objective auditors tasked with verifying whether institutions meet the established educational standards need to be established
Stephen Dedalus ve bildungsroman: Kimlik oluşumu üzerine varoluşçu bir bakış açısı
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın amacı, Stephen Dedalus'un dikkat çekici kurgusal varoluşunu, kim-liğinin Varoluşçuluk felsefesi ve Bildungsroman edebiyat geleneği tarafından şekil-lendirilme biçimlerini göz önünde bulundurarak ortaya çıkarmaktır. Joyce'un kimlik arayışındaki kahramanı, bireysel deneyimi aktaran varoluşçuluğun belirli para-metrelerini esasen açığa çıkaran bir sürece yerleştirilir. Stephen Dedalus, kendi varo-luşunu tanımlama sorumluluğunun ve özgürlüğünün bilincine sahip varoluşçu bir karakter olarak ortaya çıkar. Bu ön çalışmada ayrıca, Viktorya dönemi gerçekçileri tarafından kurulan, ancak yirminci yüzyılın başında yeni ortaya çıkan kültürel ve sanatsal bağlamın etkisi altına giren ve modernizmin doktrin ve edebi uygulamaların-dan etkilenen Bildungsroman türünün dönüşümlerini ortaya koymaya çalışıyoruz. Joyce ve diğer modernistler, çeşitli biçimlendirici deneyimleri, özellikle de değişim ve seçimi teşvik eden ve kişisel tatmini öngören epifanik anları takiben karakterin ken-dini oluşturması ve kendini gerçekleştirmesini kapsayan bildung deneyiminin özünü yine de korurlar. Bu bağlamda, Varoluşçuluğun Joyce'un edebi eserinde Bildungsro-man poetikasıyla buluşarak Stephen Daedalus karakterinin oluşum sürecini etkilendiğini ve kimliğini bulma mücadelesinde bu felsefenin ilkelerini ifade ettiğini iddia ediyoruz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Stephen Dedalus, James Joyce, Existentialism, Bildungsroman, Identity formationThe aim of this study is to disclose Stephen Dedalus's remarkable fictional presence with regard to the ways in which his identity is shaped by the philosophy of Existen-tialism and as patternized by the Bildungsroman literary tradition. Joyce's protagonist in his search for an identity is placed in a process which is essentially unveiling cer-tain parametres of existentialism conveying individual experience. Stephen Dedalus incorporates the characteristics of an existentialist hero who portrays his freedom to choose and responsibility to determine his own path. In the present study, we also attempt to reveal the transformations of the genre of the Bildungsroman as estab-lished by the Victorian realists but now, at the beginning of the twentieth century, coming under the influence of the newly emerging cultural and artistic context and being affected by the doctrine and literary practice of modernism. Joyce and other modernists preserve nevertheless the essence of the bildung experience encompassing character self-formation and self-actualization following various formative experienc-es, particularly the epiphanic moments prompting change and choice, and envisaging personal fulfillment. In this respect, we argue that Existentialism meets the poetics of Bildungsroman in Joyce's literray work to reveal the process of formation of the character of Stephen Daedalus as influenced as well as expressing the principles of this philosophy in his struggle to find his identity. Keywords: Stephen Dedalus, James Joyce, Existentialism, Bildungsroman, Identity formatio
Unraveling the potential of uninvestigated thermoalkaliphilic lipases by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation: an in silico characterization study
No full textThermoalkaliphilic lipase enzymes are mostly favored for use in the detergent industry. While there has been considerable research on Geobacillus lipases, a significant portion of these enzymes remains unexplored or undocumented in the scientific literature. This work performed in silico phylogeny, sequence alignment, structural and enzyme-substrate interaction analyses of the five thermoalkaliphilic lipases belonging to different Geobacillus species (Geobacillus stearothermophilus lipase = GsLip, Geobacillus sp. B4113_201601 lipase = Gb4Lip, Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 lipase = GkLip, Geobacillus sp. SP22 lipase = GspLip, Geobacillus sp. NTU 03 lipase = GntLip). For this purpose, unreviewed enzyme sequences of five Geobacillus thermoalkaliphilic lipases were analyzed at sequence and phylogeny levels. 3D homology enzyme models were built, validated, and investigated by different bioinformatics tools. The ligand interactions screening using seven para-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters and enzyme-ligand interactions were analyzed on Gb4Lip:pNP-C12 and BTL2:pNP-C12 by MD simulation. Biophysicochemical characteristic analysis showed that Gb4Lip had a theoretical T-m value of above 65 degrees C, and a higher aliphatic index indicating greater thermal stability. Sequence alignment showed a hydrophilic threonine in the alpha 6 helix of Gb4Lip, indicating high enzymatic activity. A normalized temperature factor B (B'-factor) analysis showed that the lid domains of five lipases significantly possessed lower B'-factor values, compared to G. thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2), indicating that they had higher rigidity. Molecular docking results indicated that the five lipases had the highest binding affinity toward pNP-C12. The RMSF investigation revealed that the thermostability of Gb4Lip is influenced by specific molecular elements: D202-S203 within the alpha B region of the lid domain, and E274-Q275 within the b3 strand, as well as W278 in the b3-b4 loop, and H282 in the b4 strand of the Ca2+-binding region. MD simulation analysis showed that catalytic residue S114 and at least one oxyanion hole residue (F17 and/or Q114) in Gb4Lip frequently formed hydrogen bonds with the pNP-C12 ligand at 343 K and 348 K throughout the simulation process, indicating that Gb4Lip might catalyze relatively long-chain ligand pNP-C12 with high performance. In conclusion, Gb4Lip might be a more suitable candidate as the detergent additive. In addition, this investigation can offer valuable perspectives on Family I.5 lipases such as Gb4Lip for future exploration in the field of protein engineering
Comparison of bread and durum wheat with with wild wheat genotypes in terms of agricultural characteristics
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim DalıTekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında 2021-2022 yılı yetiştirme döneminde bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülen çalışmada, 5 adet Ekmeklik Buğday çeşidi, 5 Makarnalık buğday çeşidi ve Dallı Buğday, Kavılca Beyaz, Kırmızı Kavılca, Kızıl Buğday, Siyez Pop., Spelta Beyaz, Spelta Siyah, Zollern Perle, Zollern Spelz olmak üzere toplam 19 genotip materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tekirdağ lokasyonunda yürütülen çalışmada, bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakçık ve başakta tane sayısı, başak, başakta tane, bin tane, bitki, hektolitre ağırlıkları, stoma sayı, eni ve boyu, düşme sayısı, gluten indeksi, gluten, kül, protein ve sedimantasyon oranları ortalamaları en düşük ve en yüksek değerler ile sırasıyla 82,000-128,667 cm (Esperia-Kızıl Buğday), 5,50-15,17 cm (Kırmızı Kavılca-Zollern Spelz), 16,33-42,00 adet (NKÜ Lider-Dallı Buğday), 15,67-68,67 adet (Kavılca beyaz-Dallı Buğday), 0,73-3,72 g (Siyez-Ç-1252), 0,44-2,34 g (Siyez-Ç-1252), 18,48-50,52 g (Siyez- NKÜ Ziraat), 1,27-5,40 g (Siyez-Kızıltan-91), 72,60-82,12 kg (Zollern Spelt-Svevo), 5,67- 10,67 adet (Spelta Beyaz-Kavılca Beyaz), 0,633- 1,200 µ (Rumeli-Kızıl Buğday), 1,067-1,567 (Ç-1252-NKÜ Lider), 335,60-437-67 s (Spelta Beyaz-Kızıltan-91), 5,67-98,00 (Kavılca Beyaz-NKÜ Asiya), 18,00-54,30 (Zenit-Zollern Spelt), 1,26-2,11 (Svevo-Siyez), 13,23-21,83 (NKÜ Lider-Kavılca Beyaz), 21,00-56-,53 (Siyez-Zollern Spelz) değerlerinde bulunmuştur.The study was conducted with a split-plot design consisting of three replications in the experimental area of the Field Crops Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at Namık Kemal University in Tekirdağ during the 2021-2022 growing season. In this research, a total of 19 genotypes were utilized, including 5 varieties of Bread Wheat, 5 varieties of Durum Wheat, and T. turgidum, Kavılca White, Red Kavılca, Red Wheat, Siyez Pop., White Spelt, Black Spelt, Zollern Perle, and Zollern Spelz. In the conducted study in the Tekirdağ Location, the mean values, as well as the minimum and maximum values, of various morphological and quality traits were determined for the investigated genotypes. Specifically, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets and grains per spike, spike and grain weights, thousand grain weight, plant weight, hectoliter weight, stomatal number, width and length of stomata, lodging, gluten index, gluten content, ash content, protein content, and sedimentation rates were determated. The obtained averages for these traits ranged between 82,000-128,667 cm (Esperia-Red Wheat) for plant height, 5.50-15.17 cm (Red Kavılca-Zollern Spelz) for spike length, 16.33-42.00 units (NKÜ Lider- T. turgidum) for spikelets per spike, 15.67-68.67 units (White Kavılca-T. turgidum) for grains per spike, 0.73-3.72 g (Siyez-Ç-1252) for spike weight, 0.44-2.34 g (Siyez-Ç-1252) for grain weight per spike, 18.48-50.52 g (Siyez-NKÜ Ziraat) for thousand grain weight, 1.27-5.40 g (Siyez-Kızıltan-91) for plant weight, 72.60-82.12 kg (Zollern Spelt-Svevo) for hectoliter weight, 5.67-10.67 units (White Spelta-White Kavılca) for stomatal count, 0.633-1.200 µ (Rumeli-Red Wheat) for stomatal width, 1.067-1.567 (Ç-1252-NKÜ Lider) for stomatal length, 335.60-437.67 s (White Spelta-Kızıltan-91) for lodging count, 5.67-98.00 (White Kavılca-NKÜ Asiya) for gluten index, 18.00-54.30 (Zenit-Zollern Spelt) for gluten content, 1.26-2.11 (Svevo-Siyez) for ash content, 13.23-21.83 (NKÜ Lider-White Kavılca) for protein content, and 21.00-56.53 (Siyez-Zollern Spelz) for sedimentation rates
Investigation of the sap flow measurements in irrigation time planning of walnut trees
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyosistem Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada, damla sulama yöntemi altında farklı sulama strateji belirleme cihazları uygulamalarının ceviz bahçelerindeki büyüme, gelişim ve kaliteye olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Tekirdağ koşullarında 2023 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ceviz ağaçlarına, 5 gün sulama aralığında A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından ölçülen buharlaşma miktarına göre sulama suyu uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede 19 kez sulama uygulaması ile birlikte 595,4 mm sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bitki büyüme mevsimi boyunca bitki su tüketimi değeri 825,06 mm ölçülmüştür. Sulama öncesi, gövde su akısı değerleri 0,011 L/h ile 0,054 L/h arasında, sulama sonrası ise 0,044 L/h ile 0,299 L/h arasında değişim göstermiştir. Uygulanan sulama suyu miktarına bağlı değerlerde artış gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada sulama uygulamaları ile birlikte bitki gelişimi değişimine yönelik ölçümler sulama sezonu öncesinde, sulama sezonu ortasında ve sulama sezonu sonunda olmak üzere toplam 3 farklı zamanda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Trakya Bölgesinde toprak ve su kaynaklarının korunumu açısından özellikle sulama uygulamaları ile birlikte bitki gelişimi için izleme ve kontrol aşamalarının önemli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada özelikle gövde su akıs içeriği ölçümlerinin ceviz ağaçlarının sulanmasında kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların ceviz yetiştiriciliği yapmak isteyen üreticilere ve konu ile ilgili çalışan kurum ve kuruluşlara faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.This study examines the effects of different irrigation scheduling devices under drip irrigation on the growth, development, and quality of walnut orchards. The research was conducted in Tekirdağ under 2023 conditions. Walnut trees were irrigated based on Class A pan evaporation measured from an evaporation pan, with irrigation water applied at 5-day intervals. During the trial, a total of 595,4 mm of irrigation water was applied over 19 irrigation events. As a result of the research, the plant water consumption value was measured as 825.06 mm during the plant growing season. Before irrigation, sap flow values varied between 0,011 L h -1 and 0,054 L h -1 , and after irrigation between 0,044 L h -1 and 0,299 L h -1 . Measurements of plant development changes were conducted at three different times: before the irrigation season, mid-season, and end of the irrigation season. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring and control stages for plant development in conjunction with irrigation practices, particularly for the conservation of soil and water resources in the Thrace Region. The research aimed to explore the usability of trunk sap flow content measurements specifically for walnut tree irrigation. The findings are expected to be beneficial for walnut growers and relevant institutions involved in walnut cultivation
Optimization of in vitro tissue culture of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) plant
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji Ana Bilim DalıKarayemiş (Prunus laurocerasus L.), peyzaj düzenlemesinde parlak, koyu yeşil yaprakları ve kokulu beyaz çiçekleri ile süs değeri açısından ünlüdür. Ancak, estetik çekiciliğinin ötesinde, karayemiş, biyolojik önemine katkıda bulunan çeşitli fitokimyasal özelliklere sahiptir. Başlıca fitokimyasallarından biri, amygdalin gibi siyanojenik glikozitlerdir. Ayrıca çeşitli farmakolojik aktiviteler sunan triterpenoidler, flavonoidler, fenolik bileşikler ve tanenler içerir. Karayemişin çoğaltımı, doğal olarak tohum dağılımı yoluyla veya yapay olarak vejetatif çoğaltma yöntemleriyle gerçekleşebilir. Tohum dağılımı, uygun habitatlarda genetik çeşitliliği ve doğal çoğalımı sağlar. Aynı zamanda, in vitro mikroçoğaltma, karayemişin çoğaltılması, korunması ve genetik iyileştirilmesi için önemli avantajlar sunar, sürdürülebilir yetiştirme uygulamalarını ve çeşitli pazar taleplerini karşılamak üzere yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesini kolaylaştırır. Bu çalışmada, Kırklareli ilinin Lüleburgaz ilçesinden toplanan Karayemiş (Prunus laurocerasus L.) bitkilerinin sürgün uçlarını kullanarak farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri kombinasyonları ile bitkinin in vitro mikroçoğaltımı amaçlanmıştır. Dış ortam koşullarından toplanan eksplantların sterilizasyon aşamasında civa klorür (HgCl2) kullanılmış ve %0,1 HgCl2 içeren ortamdan 8 dakika sonra başarılı sonuç elde edilmiştir. En iyi çoğaltım sonucu, 1 mg/l BAP, 0,5 mg/l GA3 ve 0,1 mg/l IBA içeren MS ortamından elde edilmiştir. 21 gün sonra 5 cm uzunluğa ulaşan sürgünler köklendirme ortamına aktarılmıştır. Tüm ortamlarda dört hafta içinde köklenme gözlenmiş olup, en güçlü ve uzun kök, 2 mg/l IBA, 0,5 mg/l GA3 ve 0,15 g/l Fe-EDDHA içeren MS 0 ortamından elde edilmiştir. Son olarak, köklenen bitkiler seradaki saksılara aktarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Karayemiş, in vitro, Mikroçoğaltım, Köklendirme, Süs Bitkisi, Fe-EDDHACherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) is renowned for its ornamental value in landscapingdue to its glossy, dark green leaves and fragrant white flowers. However, beyond its aesthetic appeal, cherry laurel possesses several phytochemical properties contributing to its biological significance. One of the primary phytochemicals in cherry laurel is cyanogenic glycosides, such as amygdalin. Cherry laurel contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins, which offer various pharmacological activities. Cherry laurel regeneration can ocur naturally through seed dispersal or artificially through vegetative propagation methods. Seed dispersal facilitates genetic diversity and natural regeneration in suitable habitats. At the same time, in vitro micropropagation offers significant advantages for the propagation, conservation, and genetic improvement of cherry laurel, facilitating sustainable cultivation practices and the development of novel varieties to meet diverse market demands. The aim of the study was to conduct an in vitro micropropagation experiment using shoot tips of Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) plants collected from Lüleburgaz district of Kırklareli province, Turkey, with different combinations of plant growth regulators. During the sterilization stage of the collected explants from outdoor conditions, mercury chloride (HgCl2) was utilized, and the successful result was obtained from a medium containing 0,1% HgCl2for 8 minutes. The best regeneration result was achieved from MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l GA3, and 0.1 mg/l IBA. Shoots reaching a length of 5 cm after 21 days were transferred to a rooting medium. Rooting was observed in all mediums within four weeks, with The strongest and longest root was obtained from 0 MS medium containing 2 mg/l IBA, 0,5 mg/l GA3, and 0,15 g/l Fe-EDDHA. Finally, rooted plants were transferred to pots in the greenhouse. Keywords: Cheery Laurel, in vitro, Micropropagation, Rooting, Ornamental Plant, Fe-EDDH
NiFe2O4/polyhydroxymethyl methacrylate and Fe3O4/polyhydroxymethyl methacrylate magnetic nanogels for lipase immobilization
No full textIn this study, the optimization and characterization of NiFe2O4/Polyhydroxymethyl methacrylate (NF-pHEMA) and Fe3O4/Polyhydroxymethyl methacrylate (M-pHEMA) magnetic nanogel structures were carried out and the usability of these magnetic nanogels for the immobilization of lipase enzyme was investigated. Fe3O4/pHEMA (M-pHEMA) nanogel and NiFe2O4/pHEMA (NF-pHEMA) nanogel structures were produced by the photochemical method. The characterization of these materials was performed by FTIR, SEM, AFM analysis. Then, the lipase enzyme was immobilized on magnetic nanogels by adsorption and after that cross-linking method under optimum conditions. For the characterization of lipase immobilized magnetic nanogels; optimum temperature, thermal stability, optimum pH, pH stability, reusability and kinetic parameters were investigated and nature and immobilized lipase were compared. It was observed that there was a significant improvement in the thermal and pH stability of the immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme. Lipase-immobilized M-pHEMA lost 50% of its activity after 15 uses and after 16 uses of lipase-immobilized NF-pHEMA. The results show that immobilization to the synthesized magnetic nanogels provides an improvement in the properties of the lipase enzyme. It is thought that the synthesized magnetic nanogels can be an alternative for different applications, especially drug delivery systems