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Türkiye's indigenous genetic resource: Muradiye Kelebek pigeon
No full textThe current study was carried out to determine the morphological characteristics of the Muradiye kelebek pigeon, which has been reared for many years by breeders in the Muradiye region. The ages of pigeons were classified into two groups: 12-24 months (age group I) and 25-36 months (age group II). The male pigeons had a significantly higher trunk length (P<0.001), head width (P<0.05), beak length (P<0.001), beak depth (P<0.05), thoracic perimeter (P<0.001), and tarsus diameter (P<0.001) compared to the female pigeons. The body weight (P<0.001), chest width (P<0.05), and thoracic perimeter (P<0.01) values of age group II were higher than those of age group I. It was determined that most of the pigeons were grayish blue-eyed (69.90%) and non-crested (76.72%). It was determined that the head structure of the Muradiye kelebek pigeon was similar to the Edremit kelebek, Muradiye donek, Bursa oynarı, Thrace roller, and Alabadem pigeon genotypes. The spotted plumage color of the Muradiye butterfly pigeon and the other three genotypes (jackal plumage in the Thrace roller, speckled plumage in the Edremit kelebek pigeon, and red/black galaca in the Muradiye donek pigeon) may be a common trait. Since these genotypes share some phenotypic characteristics, the phylogenetic relationships between the Muradiye butterfly pigeon and the other five pigeon genotypes (Edremit kelebek, Muradiye donek, Alabadem, Bursa oynarı, and Thrace roller) should be determined by molecular studies
Development and dissemination of precision agriculture practices for wheat in Central Anatolia
Get PDFAccording to the results of the analysis of the soil samples taken from the production field in the Research and Application Farm of the Central Research Institute of Field Crops in 2021, a significant relationship was found between yield and NDVI and between yield and organic matter at 0.01 level. There was a significant negative relationship between lime and NDVI at 0.01 level. Increasing lime content negatively affected plant growth, which resulted in a decrease in NDVI. The positive significant correlation between NDVI, organic matter and yield indicates that NDVI value increases with increasing plant biomass. Increased biomass has added more soil organic matter. In 2021, when the yield change depending on NDVI was examined; it was observed that the yield was higher in the central and western parts of the plots where NDVI was higher, and the yield decreased in the eastern parts where the lakeshore strip was located due to the decrease in NDVI. According to the correlation results between the analysis results of soil samples taken from the farmer's field in 2021, yield values and NDVI data; a significant relationship was found between yield value and NDVI, water saturation, EC, organic matter and potassium at 0.01 level. Again, the relationship between yield and phosphorus was determined at 0.05 level. There was a significant negative relationship between yield and lime at 0.05 level
The effect of the use of pekmez and honey as sugar substitutes on the quality characteristics and the acrylamide content of sponge cakes and cookies
No full textNowadays, the utilization of sugar substitutes in bakery products can be demanded on the assumption that they are healthier. However, the use of ingredients containing reducing sugars in heat-treated products may increase the formation of some toxic compounds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the safety of using honey/pekmez as sugar substitutes in bakery products in terms of acrylamide. Acrylamide concentrations as well as the quality characteristics of sponge cakes and cookies containing pekmez/honey as sugar substitutes were determined. Acrylamide levels in sponge cake control group and honey sponge cake samples remained below the limit of detection. However, acrylamide concentrations were determined as 141.36 +/- 4.21, 162.82 +/- 3.63, and 195.67 +/- 0.85 ng/g in samples containing pekmez at percentages of 60%, 80%, and 100% as sugar substitutes in sponge cakes formulations, respectively. While acrylamide was determined as 30.97 +/- 4.68 ng/g in cookie control group, concentrations in samples containing pekmez at percentages of 60%, 80%, and 100% as sugar substitutes in formulations were 824.3 +/- 27.47, 1274.04 +/- 7.59 and 1468.32 +/- 55.48 ng/g, respectively. 374.25 +/- 19.37, 495.63 +/- 2.89, and 598.63 +/- 12.95 ng/g acrylamide were detected in the cookie samples containing honey at the aforementioned percentages in formulations. As a result, adding pekmez/honey in bakery products to reduce refined sugar intake can significantly increase acrylamide concentrations of these products. Similar practices made to reduce refined sugar intake can turn into an application that increases exposure to acrylamide, a toxic compound.Research Fund of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.03.GA.20.234]This study was supported by the Research Fund of Tekirdag Namik Kemal University. Project number: NKUBAP.03.GA.20.234
The effect of basic fertilizers with different contents and properties on yield and quality in wheat
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim DalıÖZET FARKLI İÇERİK VE ÖZELLİKTEKİ TABAN GÜBRELERİNİN BUĞDAYDA VERİM VE KALİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ Burak ARDIÇ Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Danışman: Doç. Dr. Alpay BALKAN Bu çalışma, 2014-2015 buğday yetiştirme döneminde Esperia ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde farklı içerikli taban gübrelerinin (kontrol, 20.20.0, 15.15.15, 18.46, 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1 Zn+0.1Cu ve 8.21.0+15SO3+0.2Zn) tane verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Tekirdağ/Kayı ve Malkara/Gönence lokasyonlarında yürütülmüştür. Denemeler, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, metrekaredeki başak sayısı, tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, yaş gluten miktarı, gluten indeksi, Zeleny sedimantasyon değeri ve gecikmeli sedimantasyon değeri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Tekirdağ/Kayı lokasyonunda tane verimi ve verim unsurları bakımından 18.46 ve 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu kompoze gübreleri, kalite özellikleri bakımından 20.20.0 ve 8.21.0+15SO3+0.2Zn kompoze gübresi yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Malkara/Gönence lokasyonunda ise tane verimi ve verim unsurları bakımından 15.15.15 ve 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu kompoze gübreleri, kalite özellikleri bakımından 20.20.0, 15.15.15 ve 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu kompoze gübreleri yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, incelenen özellikler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri bakımından klasik taban gübrelerine alternatif olarak 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu yeni nesil kompoze taban gübresinin uygulanması önerilebilir.ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF BASIC FERTILIZERS WITH DIFFERENT CONTENTS AND PROPERTIES ON YIELD AND QUALITY IN WHEAT Burak ARDIÇ Department of Field Crops MSc. Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alpay BALKAN This study was carried out in Tekirdağ/Kayı and Malkara/Gönence locations to determine the effect of different basal fertilisers (control, 20.20.0, 15.15.15, 18.46, 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1 Zn+0.1Cu and 8.21.0+15SO3+0.2Zn) on grain yield and some quality traits of Esperia bread wheat variety during 2014-2015 wheat growing period. The experiments were conducted according to randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. In the research, plant height, spike length, number of spikes per square metre, grain yield, thousand grain weight, test weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation value and delayed sedimentation value were investigated. As a result of the research, 18.46 and 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu composed fertilizers had high values in terms of grain yield and yield components, and 20.20.0 and 8.21.0+15SO3+0.2Zn composed fertilizers had high values in terms of quality tratits at Tekirdağ/Kayı location. In Malkara/Gönence location, 15.15.15 and 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu composed fertilizers had high values in terms of grain yield and yield components and 20.20.0, 15.15.15 and 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu composed fertilizers had high values in terms of quality traits. As a result, when the examined characteristics are evaluated together, it can be recommended to apply 10.20.0+20SO3+0.1Zn+0.1Cu new generation composed basal fertilizer as an alternative to classical basal fertilizers in terms of grain yield and quality characteristics
Ayçiçeği Küspesinin Katalizörlü ve Katalizörsüz Koşullarda Hızlı Pirolizinin Ürün Verimleri ve Özelliklerine Etkisi
No full textBu çalışma kapsamında ayçiçeği küspesinin hızlı pirolizinin katalizörsüz koşulda ve klinoptilolit katalizörü kullanılarak yapılmasının, elde edilen ürün verimleri ve ürün özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında hammadde olarak kullanılan ayçiçeği küspesinin nem içeriği %5.92, kül içeriği %6.08, uçucu madde yüzdesi %71.30 ve sabit karbon yüzdesi %16.70 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elemental analiz sonuçlarına göre C, H, N ve S yüzdeleri sırasıyla %42.06, %6.26, %6.93, %0.00 olarak saptanmıştır. Isıl değeri ise 17.13 MJ/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ilk olarak, ısıtma hızı (100, 200, 300 ?/dk), piroliz sıcaklığı (400, 500, 600?) ve katalizör yüzdelerinin (%5, %10, %15) ürün verimleri (biyokömür, biyoyağ ve piroliz gazı) üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayçiçeği küspesinin hızlı piroliz işleminde klinoptilolit katalizörü eklenmesiyle yapılan denemelerde, katalizörün katı ürün verimini önemli düzeyde değiştirmediği, sıvı ürün verimini oldukça düşürdüğü ve gaz ürün verimini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Biyokömür örneklerinde en yüksek üst ısıl değer, katalizörsüz koşulda 500 ? sıcaklık ve 300 ?/dk ısınma hızında 22.95 MJ/kg olarak elde edilmiştir. Biyokömür örneklerinin mikroskobik yapısı incelendiğinde (SEM analizi) hammaddeye göre gözenekliliğin arttığı anlaşılmıştır. Katalizörsüz koşulda elde edilmiş olan piroliz gazı örneklerinin alt ısıl değerlerinin katalizörlü koşulda elde edilen örneklerinkine göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen gaz örneklerinde en yüksek alt ısıl değer 400 ? sıcaklıkta, 100 ?/dk ısınma hızında 29.05 MJ/Nm³ olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayçiçeği küspesinin farklı sıcaklıklarda, farklı ısıtma hızlarında katalizörlü ve katalizörsüz koşulda pirolizi ile elde edilmiş olan biyoyağ örnekleri GC-MS yöntemiyle incelenmiş, özellikle fenol bileşiklerinin (Phenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-) hemen her numunede olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca Pyrazine-methyl, Pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine gibi aromatik bileşiklerde tespit edilmiştir
Trakya Bölgesi’nde Üretilen Bazı Kültür Bitkilerinin İklim Değişimine Uyumunun Modellenmesi
No full textToday, the effects of climate change have started to be experienced and will continue to be experienced. It is estimated that many sectors will be affected by climate change. The agricultural sector is one of these sectors. Thrace Region is one of our important regions that contribute to wheat, canola, and sunflower production in Turkey. Therefore, when unpredictable situations arise with climate change, it is very important to accurately determine how the cultivation areas of these three plants, which have an important role in the agriculture and food sector, will change in the future against climate change. First of all, it is necessary to predict precisely how the climate will change, and then to determine what precautions should be taken by making plans. The aim of this study is to predict how climate change will affect the geographical distributions of wheat, canola and sunflower plants grown in the Thrace Region in the future, using a plant suitability model. For this purpose, the suitability of wheat, canola and sunflower plants for the current period (1950-2000) in the Thrace Region was determined using the Ecocrop module included in the DIVA-GIS program, and then in line with the results of the HADGEM2_ES model RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the next period, in the 2050s, suitability estimates were made for these three plants by using the Ecocrop module. Current and future prediction results are compared with each other. As a result, in the TR21 Thrace Region in the 2050s, in the HADGEM2_ES model RCP4.5 scenario for wheat, suitable, very suitable, and excellent areas will be replaced by not suited, very marginal, marginal areas, respectively. This will be more severe under RCP8.5 scenario. For canola, suitable and very suitable areas will be replaced by suitable and excellent areas, respectively, in the 2050s, and this positive situation will occur more in the RCP4.5 scenario. In sunflower, on the other hand, it has been predicted that the areas that are excellent current will not change in the future. It is recommended that producers, decision makers and practitioners direct the future in line with these results while planning
Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks of Olive Orchard Soils in Izmir Province
No full textSoil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) have a very important role in sustainable soil quality, crop production, and environmental impacts, and determining of carbon nitrogen ratio (C: N ratio) is very important for creating data banks in terms of ecosystem functions. Plants influence the interaction of SOC and TN, as well as ecosystem yield and the continental carbon cycle. Climate, atmosphere, and land-use change are all included in numerical models of the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. This study was conducted to determine the SOC and TN stocks, the C: N ratio and their relationships with the soil properties of olive orchards in Aliaga, Bayindir, Bergama, Dikili, Foca, Karaburun, Kemalpasa, Menderes, Menemen, Odemis, Seferihisar, Selcuk, Tire, Torbali and Urla provinces of Izmir in Turkey. For this purpose, 129 soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth. The texture, pH, EC, lime, OM, SOC and TN content and stocks, Bulk density (Db) was determined. Db and C: N ratio varied between 0.84-1.31 g cm-3, 5.17-80.50, and SOC density and stocks changed between 4.00-53.00 mg cm-3, 1.25-1.59 kg m-2, N density and stocks between 0.09-2.66 mg cm-3, 0.03-0.80 kg m-2, respectively. The highest BD was obtained from Tire, the highest SOC stocks from Karaburun, the highest TN from Seferihisar and Karaburun. The very small bulk density which is negatively associated with OM and clay is an important feature. The SOC contents were higher in relatively heavy rainfall regions. SOC and soil texture have a strong relationship. As a result, texture, precipitation, temperature, soil depths, and regeneration of soil affect the SOC and TN stocks. The results may be effective in terms of sustainable soil quality and ecosystem functions for olive cultivation
AI-aided cardiovascular disease diagnosis in cattle from retinal images: Machine learning vs. deep learning models
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) in animals can severely impact the heart and circulatory systems, like those in humans. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving animal welfare and lifespan. Traditional diagnostic methods face challenges such as insufficient anamnesis information, high costs of biochemical and hematological tests, and increasing data complexity. This study aims to address these issues by developing AIbased diagnostic systems for fast and accurate CVD diagnosis in cattle using retinal images. A total of 1118 retinal images from 100 cattle were collected, with 52 diagnosed with CVD and 48 as non-CVD. The dataset is publicly available on Kaggle. We evaluated three machine learning methods (Extreme Learning Machine, KNearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machine) and four deep learning models (DenseNet201, ResNet101, SqueezeNet, and InceptionV3) for their diagnostic capabilities. ResNet101 emerged as the most effective model, achieving an accuracy of 96.1 f 3.15 %, sensitivity of 97.3 f 2.96 %, specificity of 94.9 f 4.07 %, and an F1score of 96.4 f 0.03. This study demonstrates that AI-based systems, particularly deep learning models, can significantly improve the accuracy of CVD diagnosis in animals, marking a critical advancement in veterinary healthcare.Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council-TUEBITAK [121E349]This work was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council-TUEBITAK (Project Number: 121E349)
Determination of superior parents in newly improved sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines with the help of moleculer, morphological and technological identifications
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim DalıAraştırmada, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitütsünün ıslah programında yer alan ebeveyn hatlarda morfolojik, teknolojik ve moleküler yöntemler kullanılarak genetik farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk yılında hatlar augmented deneme desenine göre ekilerek UPOV kriterlerine göre morfolojik ve teknolojik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Veriler JMP istatistik programında değerlendirilerek materyal sayısı yarıya indirilmiştir. Kış döneminde bu hatlarda DNA izolasyonu, PCR ve kapiler elektroforez ile hatların genetik farklılıkları belirlenmiştir. Kapiler elektroforezde elde edilen SSR lokuslarına ait veriler GenAlex programında işlenerek istatistiksel değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve DarWin programı kullanılarak filogenetik ağaç oluşturulmuştur. Bu ağaca göre birbirine genetik olarak farklı uzaklıklarda 5 ana, 6 restorer hat seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci yılında seçilen ebeveyn hatlar ile serada line x tester yöntemine göre melez üretimi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın son yılında kurulan verim denemesi için hat sayısı, tohum miktarı ve pedigrileri de dikkate alınarak 4 ana, 4 restorer hat olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunların melezlenmesi ile elde edilen 16 adet hatta heterosis, heterobeltiosis, GKY, ÖKY değerleri belirlenmiştir. Verim denemeleri 16 melez ve 4 adet kontrol çeşit iki lokasyonda tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Verim denemelerinde alınan morfolojik ve teknolojik ölçüm verileri JMP istatistik programı yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Edirne lokasyonunda 7 numaralı hat, Kırklareli lokasyonunda 3 numaralı hat dekara tane verimi ve yağ verimi açısından öne çıkmıştır. Edirne ve Kırklareli lokasyonlarında sırasıyla %50 çiçeklenme gün sayısında heterosis oranları negatif yönde %3,91-11,94 ve %0,76-7,39, heterobeltiosis (%-6,67)-(3,33) ve (%-6,25)-(2,46), tane veriminde heterosis pozitif yönde % 8,97-83,05 ve %32,48-124,21, heterobeltiosis (%-22,39)-(29,28) ve (%-18,24)-(36,20) arasında bulunmuştur.In the research, genetic differences were determined using morphological, technological, and molecular methods in the parental lines included in the breeding program of Thrace Agricultural Research Institute. In the first year of the research, the lines were planted according to the augmented block design, and morphological and technological measurements were made according to UPOV criteria. The data were evaluated in the JMP statistical program and the number of materials was reduced by half. Genetic differences of these lines were determined by DNA isolation, PCR and capillary electrophoresis in the winter period. The data of SSR loci obtained in capillary electrophoresis were evaluated in the GenAlex program and statistically and phylogenetic tree was used the DarWin program. According to this tree Agilent ProSize 5 CMS lines and 6 restorer lines with genetically different distances were selected. In the second year of the study, hybrids were produced in the greenhouse with the selected parent lines according to the line x-tester method. For the yield trial established in the last year of the research, 4 CMS lines and 4 restorer lines were determined, considering the number of lines, seed amount, and pedigrees. Heterosis, heterobeltiosis, GCA, SCA values were determined in 16 lines obtained by crossing them. Yield trials were conducted with 16 hybrids and 4 check varieties in two locations, using a split-plot trial design in randomized blocks, with 4 replications. As a result, line number 7 in Edirne location and line number 3 in Kırklareli location stood out in terms of grain yield and oil yield per decare. In Edirne and Kırklareli locations, heterosis rates at 50% flowering days are negatively 3.91-11.94% and 0.76-7.39% respectively, heterobeltiosis (-6.67%)-(3.33%) and (-6.25%)-(2.46%), heterosis in grain yield positively 8.97-83.05% and 32.48-124.21%, heterobeltiosis (-22.39%)-(29.28%) and (-18.24%)-(36.20%)
Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of candida species isolated from dermatomycosis patients
No full textAims: Superficial mycoses are the most common dermatological diseases worldwide, and the causes are becoming increasingly resistant to antifungal agents used in treatment. The aim of our study was to identify the yeast species causing superficial mycoses and determine their susceptibilities to some antifungal agents. Methods: Skin and nail scraping samples obtained from 726 patients with suspected superficial fungal infection were collected and examined by direct microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified by conventional methods and API ID32 C (Biomeriux, France) commercial kits. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of isolates against itraconazole, miconazole, nystatin, and terbinafine antifungals were determined by microdilution method. Results: A total of 59 yeasts were isolated from the samples. The most frequently isolated species were Candida glabrata (n=31, 52.54%), Candida guillermondii (n=9, 15.25%), and Candida albicans (n=7, 11.86%). In terms of infection sites, the most common involvement was observed in the foot (n=39, 66.1%) and nails (n=16, 27.1%). In terms of their antifungal susceptibilities, the highest resistance was detected against terbinafine (35.6%) and itraconazole (33.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed among strains of the Candida species (n=17, 28.8%). Conclusion: The most striking results of this study can be summarized as high rates of Candida glabrata isolation, increase in resistance rates, and a prevalence of 28.8% multidrug resistance. This data once again emphasize the importance of isolation, identification, and antifungal susceptibility testing in the diagnosis and effective treatment of superficial mycoses