International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE), ISSN:2454-8006, DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE
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Integration of Biochar with Atoxigenic Strains of A. flavus Can Effectively Control Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Get PDFIn a March 2022 In Vitro study conducted at the NM-AIST Laboratory in Arusha, Tanzania, researchers investigated the efficacy of Biochar in managing aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts, both independently and in combination with Aflasafe. Various concentrations (2 X 102, 2 X 104, 2 X 106, and 2 X 108) of atoxigenic biocontrol strains extracted from AflasafeTZ01 were introduced to the groundnut grains treated with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% maize cob Biochar. All groundnuts were then inoculated with atoxigenic A. flavus (2 x 106) and incubated at 30°C for seven days before aflatoxin quantification using HPLC.
The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) conducted on the data revealed a significant (P < 0.001) difference among the means in reducing aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Notably, there existed an inverse relationship between the concentration of Biochar and aflatoxin content, with the most substantial reduction observed at a 10% Biochar rate. However, above this rate, there was a slight increase in aflatoxin content.
Moreover, integrating Biochar with the Aflasafe biocontrol option further decreased aflatoxin contamination. For example, the application of 10% Biochar along with 2 x 106 Aflasafe resulted in an impressive 99.99% reduction compared to the control. In comparison, using Biochar or Aflasafe alone led to reductions of 80.6% and 90%, respectively.
These findings hold significant implications for the agricultural sector, suggesting that the strategic utilization of Biochar and Aflasafe can substantially mitigate aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts, thereby bolstering food and nutrition safety standards
Performance and Adaptability of Common Bean-Released Cultivars at Three Agro-Ecological Zones in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study focused on examining the genetic performance and stability of common bean genotypes across multiple environments in Tanzania using an alpha-lattice experimental design. The aim was to minimize environmental variability and maximize genetic expression. Three experimental sites were selected to represent the ecologies of the main bean growing areas of Tanzania, which are Tropical Savannah represented by TARI-Seliani, Tropical highlands represented by TARI-Uyole and semi-arid regions represented by Babati region. The sites were planted with are diverse of common bean genotypes, all of which were released for use in Tanzania. Agronomic practices, such as hand-hoe weeding and fertilizer application, were consistently applied. Key data collected included days to 50 percent flowering, growth habit, plant height, pod and seed count, yield per plot, and 100 seed weight. Advanced statistical analyses, including ANOVA, AMMI, and stability tests, were conducted using R software to evaluate yield and yield components. This paper findings discuss about the yield performance, stability, and the discriminating verses representative power across locations. In terms of yield, Babati was the leading site with mean yield of 1413.07 kilogram per hectare (kg/h) with Uyole 96 being the lead genotype (2845.567kg/h). Genotypes that were found to be stable and high-yielding in multiple locations include, Rojo, SUA Kalima, SAKILA, Fibea, and Nyeupe Uyole with the mean yields of 1045.83kg/h, 1023.73kg/h, 1003.33kg/h, 670.4kg/h and 544.77kg/h respectively. In discriminativeness and representativeness, Babati was the most discriminating site among the three locations while Seliani was the most representative among the three. These findings revealed significant variations and allowed the assessment of genotype performance and environmental interactions
The Use of Photovoltaic Cell System in Lighting the Parking Lots in AL-Zahra Co-operative Society
Get PDFThis research explores the implementation of photovoltaic (PV) cells in the purpose of lighting parking lots within Al-Zahraa co-op’s premises, the aim of this project was to reduce the environmental impact of carbon emission and to enhance energy sustainability. Traditional lighting methods often rely on fossil fuel-based electricity, contributing to carbon emissions and escalating operational costs. Leveraging PV technology offers a renewable alternative by harnessing solar energy to power lighting fixtures efficiently. Through strategic placement of PV panels and integration with energy-efficient LED lighting, the Al-Zahraa Association can achieve reliable illumination while minimizing energy consumption. Battery storage systems ensure uninterrupted lighting during periods of low sunlight or high demand. This initiative showcases a commitment to environmental stewardship, reducing carbon emissions, and inspiring sustainable practices within the communit
Predicting soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) from pH, % Clay and % Organic Carbon : A Case Study on Selected Burundi Surface Soils
No full textA statistical linear regression study was performed on surface soil samples collected in four Burundi agro-écological zones (AEZ) of Imbo, Mumirwa, Kirimiro and Moso. The study aimed at evaluating the causal effects of soil pH, % clay and % Organic C (OC) on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), using simple, two-way and 3-way linear regression models. Soil pH as an explanatory variable of CEC gave poor results, while % OC emerged as the best one-way explanatory variable of CEC (R²=0,40). With 2-way regression analyses, the best fits were obtained in the Kirimiro AEZ with soil pH and % clay (R²=0,63), Imbo AEZ with soil pH and % OC (R²=0.66) and Imbo and Kirimiro AEZ with % clay and % OC (R²=0,63). The 3-way (pH, % clay and % OC) regression analysis gave statistically significant higher R² values ranging from 0.60 (Mumirwa) to 0.76 (Imbo). Linear regression analysis performed on pooled data (256 samples) proved that the 3-way dependent/explanatory variables model is the best fit (R²=0,64). In conclusion, our results outlined that % OC emerges as the key determinant of CEC in highly weathered, kaolinitic Burundi soils.  
Effects of irrigation Method on Household Food Security at Mugerero in Gihanga commune of Burundi
Get PDFIrrigation is a method applied to ensure sufficient soil moisture and meet crop water requirements to reduce water deficit which is a limiting factor in plant growth. It influences the entire growth process from seedbed preparation, germination, root growth, nutrients utilization, plant growth, production, yield and quality. Moreover, Irrigation plays a crucial role in food production and improving food security by not only allowing achievement of full crop production potential in a given growing environment, but also by fighting pests through products diluted in water, protecting sensitive crops from frost, adding nutrients that are dissolved in the water, improving land physical properties, and removing excess salinity from the soil. This study has considered the irrigation method to improve food security at Mugerero, a hill of Gihanga commune. Results of the study highlighted the effectiveness of irrigation method in improving household food security through the domestication of new crops including soybean and peanuts, crops very nutritious which could improve the nutritionnel need requirement of the households. Furthermore, the outcomes revealed increased crop yield coupled with exchange of harvest between neighbors and household incomes enhancement. The people could easely supplement their diets and other needs. Whence enhancement of food security and livelihood. The study highligthed that the irrigation method has been a key tool in improving food security at mugerero hill. However further studies are recommanded in the neighboring hills to futher boost the food security in the region
Approximating Analysis of the Dzektser Mathematical Model
Get PDF The article studies the solvability of the Dzektser mathematical model according to the theoretical consequences in the quasi-Sobolev. It employs the results to improve an algorithm form of the approximate approach to find approximate solutions of the Dzektser model. The work investigates the analog of the Dirichlet problem in a bounded domain with boundary conditions for the Dzektser model. A suggested numerical method allows us to find approximate solutions of the Dzektser mathematical model under consideration in quasi-Sobolev space. The convergence of the approximate solution to the analytical solution is fulfilled
Subject Review: Anomaly Detection in Cyber Security Using Convolution Neural Network
Get PDFSecurity concerns are multiplying as a result of the rapid advancement of computer and communications technology. Cybersecurity is evolving into different types of techniques to reduce these concerns. Amongst these techniques is anomaly detection (AD). Anomaly identification (AI) is a major problem in many academic fields and practical applications. It has been presented that Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) be used to identify anomalies from different type; however, there is currently no guide over which model to apply in a specific instance. In this study presented the most relevant Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) as a key solution for anomaly detection (AD) in the literature, compares between anomaly detection (AD) techniques which current in the previous studies. In addition, the pros and cons of this technique are examined in various application contexts, and their results are presented. Finally, this study offers a number of recommendations for future studies that will assist readers in their subsequent efforts in this field
Comparative Experiments for Generation of Banana Black Sigatoka Disease Stages as Labels for Multiclass Classification Tasks
Get PDFEarly and accurate diagnosis of Black Sigatoka (BSD), a fungal disease affecting banana production, is crucial for minimizing crop losses. An empirical understanding of the disease stages is important in developing predictors with adequate recommendations to farmers. This paper explores the use of K-means clustering algorithms to classify BSD stages in banana leaf images without relying on manual labelling. We evaluate the effectiveness of various image features, including “infected area”, “colour histograms”, “statistical features”, and “texture features”. The results indicate that using solely “infected area” achieved a moderate cluster separation, as observed from a Silhouette score of 0.5374 compared to others whose Silhouette scores were 0.3299 and 0.1366 for “statistical feature” and “colour histogram feature” respectively. Combining features, particularly, infected-area with texture or statistics, offered a promising balance between cluster separation and within-cluster variation as their Silhouette scores ranged between 0.32 and 0.47. Further investigation is needed to confirm the robustness of combining all features. This research lays the groundwork for developing automated BSD classification systems to aid farmers in early disease detection and improved crop management. Automated classification using machine learning algorithms can significantly reduce the time and effort required for disease monitoring. Additionally, the integration of multiple image features could enhance the accuracy and reliability of the classification system. Future work will focus on validating these findings with larger datasets and exploring advanced machine learning techniques to further improve classification performance. Ultimately, the implementation of such systems could lead to better-informed decision-making in banana cultivation, reducing the impact of BSD on global banana production
Green Manufacturing Excellence in Fiber Cement Production: Leveraging Green SCOR and AHP for Enhanced Environmental Performance Times
Get PDFGreen manufacturing has become key strategy in improving environmental sustainability and operational performance in industry. This research evaluates the implementation and performance of green manufacturing activities in the Fiber Cement industry, using the Green SCOR framework integrated with AHP. This method allows for an in-depth assessment of the effectiveness of existing practices and provides a foundation for the development of targeted improvement strategies. The results indicated that the company was in the unsatisfactory performance category, with a score of 58.6. Of the 12 KPIs evaluated, there were 5 that required significant improvement, including the addition of a water pool, waste reduction, improved order management, additional labor, and training on green production. This research contributes to the green manufacturing literature by providing valuable insights for companies to evaluate their performance in improving green manufacturing practices specific to the Fiber Cement industry.
 
Bedag Levy Terminal at Fasum Type C Public Passenger Car (PPC): Policy Implementation Study Based on the Nganjuk Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2018 concerning Business Services Levy
Get PDFImplementation of the business services levy policy is an effort to increase local original income. In this case, it is the bedag levy at the Berbek Type C Public Passenger Car (MPU) terminal, Nganjuk Regency, East Java.
The formulation of the research problem is How is the implementation of the bedag levy at the Type C Public Passenger Car (MPU) terminal in Nganjuk Regency, and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the Implementation of the bedag levy at the Type C Public Passenger Car (MPU) terminal in Nganjuk Regency? . This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the bedag levy as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the bedag levy at the Type C Public Passenger Car (MPU) terminal in Nganjuk Regency. Type of qualitative descriptive research with data analysis techniques using the Interactive Model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana.
The results of the research revealed that the implementation of the bedag levy policy at the Berbek Type C Public Passenger Car (MPU) terminal was examined using the implementation framework of George Edward III:. First, clear and consistent communication. However, officers still found inconsistencies in handling bedag tenant violations; second, adequate resources, including human resources, budget, authority, information and supporting facilities/means. However, it was found that there were limited budgets, supporting facilities and human resources; third, the attitude and commitment of the Nganjuk Regency Transportation Service is demonstrated by taking strategic steps, such as: Socializing levy policies both internally (implementors) and externally (bedag renters), preparing Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) for Levy Collection, making innovations in e-payments. - levies and payment methods Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard / QRIS, building cooperation with Bank Jatim to provide quality services to the community through e-retribution payment methods, planning the development and improvement of bedag terminals through repairing damaged ones, expanding bedag volumes, branding bedags with the same paint color (uniform), planning the development and improvement of human resources (implementors) by increasing skills and competencies, especially for freelance daily workers (THL), including proposing to increase the status of THL to PPPK so that it has strict authority boundaries