International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE), ISSN:2454-8006, DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE
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Experimental Modelling and Simulation of Stand-Alone Experimental Photovoltaic Array for Different Climatic Conditions in Bauchi Metropolis
Get PDFStandalone renewable energy based on photovoltaic systems accompanied with battery storage system are beginning to play an important role over the world to supply power to remote areas. The current state and the future potentials of renewable energy have increased globally to minimize the usage of other resources such as fossil fuel, which affect the environment. AbubakarTatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi (ATAP) is a case where renewable energy will count for 75% of its energy consumption. Solar energy is abundantly availabl.so we have to extract and utilize it in a very efficient way. In this research, an improved yet simple model that can simulate and accurately predict the output power of an installed photovoltaic array in school of Engineering of the AbubakarTatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi and for different climatic conditions was developed. The result shows the field measurement based analytical model and RFBNN architecture for PV performance evaluation yielded superior results when compared with that of the manufacturer datasheet based mathematical model. 
Development and Characterization of Camel’s food (Piliostigma thonningii) Insulator for Lagging Application
Get PDFDue to the growing concern for renewable and biodegradable thermal insulation materials motivated by the pending energy crisis, global warming and the environmental impact of the waste product after their useful life, many researchers have worked on the thermal and physical properties of various insulators without giving much consideration to the mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper proposes to investigate the mechanical properties of developed Camel’s food (Piliostigma thonningii) insulator for lagging application. Camel’s foot (Piliostigma thonningii L.) is a leguminous plant found growing abundantly as a wild uncultivated plant resource in many parts of Nigeria. The leaves and the bark fibers of the plant were prepared in form of insulation boards of thicknesses of 10, 20, 30 40, and 50mm using natural rubber latex as a binder. The ratio of the fiber to the binder in composition was 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4.The test results showed that the insulation boards from bark fibers of the plant had good mechanical properties. The properties measured range as follows: ultimate tensile strength (11.66 to 6.96M. Pa); compression strength (0.09 to 0.07 M.Pa), flexural modulus (2545.96 to 2184.07 M.Pa) and flexural strength (53.09 to 29.96 M.Pa). According to the test results, it can be concluded that these insulation boards from the bark fibers of the plant had excellent mechanical properties
Application of Invariant Analyses to Study Survival Trends of Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and TB Treatment in Kenya
Get PDFKenya is one of the countries, globally, with a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis. The co-infection between tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome makes the management of the infection more complicated and reduces the chances of survival. The current study evaluates the trends in the survival of individuals with ART and TB management, especially in relation to various Counties in the country. The specific objective was to establish the survival trends of patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and TB treatment in Kenya using Kaplan Meier function. The study used a retrospective cohort study design. The target population included patients on co-therapy TB and ART management who attended the health facilities between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019. The sample of the study was obtained from all the available HIV-TB co-infected patients’ records in National AIDS & STIs Control Program (NASCOP) database (secondary data) from the selected counties in Kenya. Kaplan Meier estimator was used in the estimation of the survival function. Analysis was done using STATA v14.2 and Bayes’ v3.0.2. The study also found that HIV-TB patients’ death rates for the period between 2015 and 2019 varied from one County to another. The study also established that the distribution of TB and HIV deaths in the 47 Counties varied across the five years. In the year 2015, the total number of TB and HIV deaths in the 47 Countries was 1077, which decreased to 921 TB and HIV deaths in 2016 before decreasing to 391 in 2017, 106 in 2018 and 60 in 2019. The study found that the main factors significantly influencing HIV-TB confections include gender, marital status, WHO clinical stage, age, weight and facility levels
Design and Fabrication of Electric Portable Tiller for Agricultural Purpose
Get PDFIn Indian Agriculture, Generally tractors or cultivator machines are commonly used for ploughing. Before this method farmers uses the traditional method this is time consuming and hardworking and costly. Despite the massive mechanization of agriculture in some regions of the nation, the majority of agricultural activities in the country's bigger areas are carried out by hand utilizing rudimentary and traditional equipment and implements such as a wooden plough sickle, and so on. This low-cost portable battery-powered electric power tiller machine is a one-stop contemporary solution to improve traditional farming practices by reducing human labor at a very cheap cost through the use of a motorized tilling mechanism. Because design and manufacture are the keys of engineering, mechanical engineering education requires real design and production. Using a clever portable design, the electric power tiller helps minimize the time and expense required in tilling, consequently enhancing agricultural output and efficiency
The Design and Fabrication of Electro-Mechanical Active Suspension System Test Rig
No full textThis abstract discusses the design and fabrication of an active suspension system. The goal is to enhance ride comfort, stability, and vehicle dynamics. The research focuses on analyzing the quarter car model dynamics and employing advanced control algorithms and actuators for adaptive suspension adjustment. Integration of sensors, control units, and actuators is crucial for real-time monitoring and control of the suspension. With the help of this rig, we are analyzing the linear acceleration in passive suspension and active suspension. By doing so we can determine the load acting on the chassis
Effects of Plant Density and Delayed Bean Sowing on Yields, Economic and Nutritional Perfomances of Cassava-Maize-Bean Intercrops: A Case Study in Kirimiro and Mumirwa Agro-ecological zones, Burundi
Get PDFCassava-maize-bean intercropping systems testing effects of spacing (plant density) and bean planting date were assessed under two major Burundi agroecological zones (AEZ), Mumirwa and Kirimiro. Evaluated spacing for all three tested crops were as follows: recommended spacing (RS), RS+20 % and RS + 40 %. Bean was planted either at the same time as other two crops or with a 3-week delay. Measured parameters were intercrops’ and total yields, nutrient value (energy, proteins) and economic benefits (gross monetary values, total costs, net returns and value/cost ratio -V/C). Overall measured parameters, beans contributed more in the Kirimiro AEZ, while cassava contributed more in the Mumirwa AEZ. In the Mumirwa AEZ, cassava represented 82 % of the total yields, while bean and maize represented only 11 and 7 %, respectively. In the Kirimiro AEZ, comparative figures were 54 % for cassava, 33 % for bean and 13 % for maize. Cassava represented 64 % of the total energy yields in the Mumirwa AEZ and 20% for maize and 16 % for bean. In the Kirimiro AEZ, similar figures were 34 % for cassava, 46 % for bean and 20 % for maize. Bean contributed 77 % of the total proteins when all three crops were installed at the same time, whereas maize brought in 10 % and cassava 13 % of proteins, respectively. Bean generated 23 % more money in the Kirimiro AEZ while cassava yielded three-times more money in the Mumirwa AEZ. Overall, revenues generated through the cassava + maize + bean intercropping was two times higher in the Mumirwa than in the Kirimiro AEZ. In the Kirimiro AEZ, bean contributed for 60 % of the total monetary values and only 27 % in the Mumirwa AEZ. A similar reflexion applied to cassava indicated that it contributed to the crop yield global monetary value for 67 % in the Mumirwa AEZ and only 30 % in the Kirimiro AEZ. Maize monetary contribution to the global monetary values was 10 % in the Kirimiro AEZ and 6 % in the Mumirwa AEZ. Maize contribution across AEZ was almost insignificant because of its low yields and practiced selling prices. With a V/C ratio of 2.42, the cassava + maize + bean intercropping system was more profitable in the conditions of the Mumirwa AEZ. In the Kirimiro AEZ bean production was 60 % higher when planted at the same time as other crops than when delayed for three-weeks. Similar tendancies were observed for returns (+ 72 %), V/C (+ 34 %), energy (+ 60 %) and proteins (+ 60 %) yields. On the opposite, bean 3-week delay favored maize yield (+ 42 %), energy and proteins yields (+ 42 %). The same trends in agronomic, economic and nutritional values was also observed in the Mumirwa AEZ with lower bean and maize productions but higher cassava yields. In conclusion, all in all, more returns (+ 36 %) were obtained when all three crops were sown/planted at the same time with a V/C ratio = 2.36. In parallel, effect of crop density/spacing indicated that recommended crop spacing increased by 20 % (RS + 20 %) was more economically profitable (V/C=2.39).  
Using Information and Communication Technology to Enforce Non-Payment of Water Bills: The Case of Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities in Tanzania
Get PDFSanitation and having access to clean water are human rights. To serve everyone, water and sanitation service providers must be able to run and maintain a profit. However, this capability is frequently jeopardized by missed or late water bill payments. The ability of utilities to provide appropriate service is directly impacted by non-payment, which also hinders the fulfillment of human right regarding to water and sanitation services. In this study, a mechanism for enforcing prompt payment of water bills which utilize the Electricity Prepaid Metering System is designed. In order to put the designed mechanism into practice, a prototype application has been created. Through in-person interviews with system administrators, data about the Electricity Prepaid Metering System and Water Management Information System was gathered. The proposed enforcement mechanism was designed with the use of a Design Science Research technique. The findings indicate that people who owe unpaid water bills are automatically denied access to electricity service
Experimental Investigation of Microstructure and Phase Characterization of Rice Hush Ash (RHA) for Potential Utilization in Metal Matrix Composites
Get PDFRecent trends in material research and development of composite materials are geared towards reducing cost, recycling and ensuring environmental sustainability. Agricultural waste derivatives have proven to be an alternative or complimentary reinforcement material in the development of metal matrix composites. The current work is an investigation of the microstructure and phase characterization of rice husk ash (RHA) obtained through open air burning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive spectrometry (EDS) was used for the microstructural examination, X – ray fluorescence (XRF) for the mineralogical composition and X – ray diffraction (XRD) for the determination of phases present. Results revealed that RHA is highly siliceous with 93.8% SiO2, highly porous and fibrous material with a wide surface area. EDS profile confirmed the presence of SiO2 and Al2O3. The XRD pattern revealed the presence of quartz, crystabalite and anorthite phases in the RHA. Silica is a hard substance with strong covalent bonds similar to diamond with hardness rating of 7 on Mohs scale and melting point of 1713OC. Thus RHA can be suitable used as a reinforcing material in the development of metal matrix composites for automotive components.
Effects of Extracts of Alchornea Cordifolia on Biocorrosion Control on Sewer Concrete
Get PDFConcrete infrastructures that make up the sewer system exposed to sewer waste waters are often subjected to microbial corrosion. The biogenic sulfuric acid produced by the activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria A.thiooxidans attacks concrete in sewers leading to loss of concrete mass and deterioration. The aim of this study was to control concrete biodegradation using plant extracts of Alchornea Cordifolia. Concrete samples were corroded for 26 months in real sewer wastewater conditions. The influence of biogenic sulfuric acid on the biocorrosion of concrete samples was determined in terms of weight loss, pH, sulfate concentration variation, chemical composition changes, and formation of corrosion by-products. Recorded corrosion rates before coating were between 0.071996mpy – 1.168546mpy. Changes in sample morphology, ettringite and gypsum formed were observed by X-ray diffraction and SEM methods with corrosion progression.Phytochemicals analysis of extracts samples confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids produced in plant tissues. GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extracts identified 26 compounds. The most dominant being Eugenol. Biocorrosion control determined the effects of extracts on concrete corrosion in sewer waters. A marked decline in the rates of corrosion with each extract's coating was recorded for extracts coated concretes (0.002589mpy -0.003256mpy). An increase in inhibition efficiency with an increase in extract concentration was observed and was in the range of 50% A.Cordifolia extracts gave the highest inhibitor efficiency. X-ray diffractive analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed morphological variations in concrete before and after coating. Results of ANOVA showed inhibitor concentration as having the most significant effect on the extracts' corrosion inhibition
Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Technical and Economic Feasibility Design Approach with Homer Pro
Get PDFWith the declining cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and batteries used for energy storage, many users are now shifting towards solar energy because of its renewable nature and availability. Though this is a great step to combat climate change, most of the solar systems installed always fail due to poor system sizing. For this reason, optimal systems are required to be deployed. This paper presents a technical and economic feasibility design approach for a solar PV system using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) Pro software. The design is based on site-specific data collected from Moi University in Kenya. The temperature and solar radiation data were collected from the weather station of the university, while the power demand data was collected from the Margaret Thatcher Library of the university using the PCE-360 power analyzer. The simulation results show that a 100kW solar PV system is required to power the Margaret Thatcher library with a financial investment of KES 32,000,000. This system is strongly recommended to be used by the university as it will ensure reliability of power supply for students to study and also save on costs incurred on utility bills