International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (IJASRE), ISSN:2454-8006, DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE
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Software Developer Perspectives on Work-Life Balance
Get PDFThis study aims to explore work-life balance (WLB) dimensions that Nepalese software developers prefer. The present study was carried out in ten IT companies situated in Kathmandu Valley. A sample of 50 software developers was chosen to collect data. The convenience sampling method was used. Only primary data were used to reach acceptable results. Such data was acquired using the checklist approach. These developers were given a checklist that included several WLB dimensions. They answered to checklist used for data analysis. Their responses were used for data analysis. WLB is becoming a concern for all employees in today's rapidly changing workplace, particularly in information technology (IT) companies. The results indicate that all of the software developers give first priority to physical and mental health as the key dimensions of WLB. They also prefer parental and family leave, flexible work hours, recognition and reward, team collaboration, reasonable workload, managerial support, and work and family support as important aspects of WLB. They also have given priority to career growth opportunities, boundary management, efficient tools and systems, organizational culture, and remote work options as the important dimensions of WLB. If IT companies can manage these dimensions, software developers can, too
A Review of Sustainable Greywater Treatment Processes
Get PDFGreywater (GW) reuse is becoming a more well-liked method of water conservation worldwide as a result of the depletion of water resources and the rise in water demand. All wastewater produced by a household, excluding sewage, is referred to as GW. The makeup of GW is different, reflecting the residents' way of life and the chemicals they use in their homes. GW flow from a household typically makes up around 65% of the total wastewater flow. Approximately 50% of the total GW is further light greywater. As a result, GW offers a great deal of possibilities for treatment, recycling, and reuse. This paper provides an extensive literature analysis on the various properties of GW and the available treatment techniques. GW treatment technologies can be categorized as physical, chemical, biological, or as a combination of these systems. The analysis also shows that physical methods by themselves cannot provide a sufficient removal of organics, nutrients, and surfactants. Chemical approaches are successful in eliminating the suspended particles, surfactants, and organic compounds present in the low strength GW. The most practical and affordable method for recycling GW is thought to involve the use of an aerobic biological process in conjunction with physical filtering and disinfection. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) seems to be a particularly appealing option for communal urban housing structures
The Diphtheria Disease
Get PDFThis study, ‘The Diphtheria Disease’ explored the historical significance, etiology, symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures related to diphtheria. The study adopted a qualitative meta-analysis approach. The objectives were threefold, which included to ascertain the cause(s) of diphtheria, to investigate potential cures, and to determine the efficacy of treatments. The narrative unfolded through an examination of historical outbreaks, breakthroughs, and contemporary challenges. The study focused on respiratory, cutaneous, nasal, laryngeal, and pharyngeal diphtheria types, detailing symptoms, and transmission modes. Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin, antibiotics, and supportive care, with emphasis on early intervention and vaccination. The efficacy of the cure was explored, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment, antitoxin administration, antibiotic therapy, supportive care, vaccination, isolation, and public health measures. It was found in the study that diphtheria disease was caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the antitoxin, derived from the serum of horses could neutralize the circulating diphtheria toxin, and this cure is effective.
 
Innovative Methods for Diagnosis Evergreen Utilizing Ultraspectral Image Inspection: A Review
Get PDFPlant diseases result in large financial losses in the global agricultural production industry. Regarding crop production, early disease detection, measurement, and identification are essential for the focused use of control measures. Extensive scientific research is now underway to provide novel hyperspectral technology-based solutions for plant disease diagnosis. By looking at the reflectance spectrum of plant tissue, you can tell the difference between healthy and sick plants, figure out how bad the disease is, name different pathogen species, and find early signs of biotic stress, even when the symptoms are not readily apparent to the unaided eye during the incubation phase. The review covers of fundamentals determining the reflectance spectrum of plant tissue. There is a discussion and evaluation of the potential applications of several kinds of hyperspectral Sensor technology and platforms for plant disease examination. Hyperspectral analysis, a relatively new field, employs techniques from image analysis and optical spectroscopy to measure physiological and morphological characteristics simultaneously. The following are the key phases of hyperspectral data analysis: modeling and data analysis; data extraction and processing; and picture collection and pre-processing. The algorithms and techniques used in each step are listed, then examine the primary uses of hyperspectral sensors in plant disease diagnosis, which include illness detection, disease classification and identification, damage assessment, and genetic resistance evaluation. An extensive analysis of scholarly literature highlights the advantages of hyperspectral technology in investigating pathogen-plant interactions across various measurement scales. Despite significant advancements in plant disease monitoring using hyperspectral technology over the past few decades, several unresolved technical issues still hinder their practical application. Finally, we explore the issues and future directions for the application of new technology in agriculture
Exploration of Contractors’ Management Strategies in Delivering Successful Construction Projects in Ghana: A Factor Analysis Approach
Get PDFThis study explores the management strategies used by contractors in Ghana during the construction stage to successfully deliver construction projects. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey to gather data from 375 site managers working in medium and large-sized construction firms in Ghana. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the 32 strategies identified through the literature review to 25 sub-strategies. The analysis identified four key strategy categories that contribute to successful project delivery: effective project planning, monitoring and control, stakeholder collaboration, and integration of digital technologies. The findings provide valuable insights and recommendations to enhance project management practices within Ghana's construction industry, aiming to improve project delivery and increase stakeholder satisfaction
Cyberbullying Messages Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Get PDFCyberbullying has emerged as a significant concern in contemporary times, particularly due to its severe consequences, especially for children. In this paper, we propose an innovative machine learning-based approach aimed at accurately detecting cyberbullying messages and mitigating their harmful effects. The primary objectives of our research were twofold: developing a model capable of precisely identifying cyberbullying messages while distinguishing them from regular messages. To achieve this, we utilized a dataset of social media messages, labeled as normal, offensive, or hate messages. We adapted this dataset for binary classification, differentiating between cyberbullying and non-bullying messages. Our approach involved two distinct methods: firstly, utilizing Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for traditional machine learning algorithms, and secondly, embedding texts for deep learning algorithms. We employed a total of 15 classifiers and performes a comprehensive comparison. The most successful algorithms from the first method were combined into a voting classifier, which demonstrated the highest accuracy of 96.5% during testing. Additionally, we assessed the impact of Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) on the model's performance and compared it with our baseline approach. Although the results exhibited slight fluctuations, the voting classifier consistently outperformed others with 96.6% accuracy. Our findings underline the effectiveness of the voting classifier based on machine learning algorithms, which delivered the most promising results. This approach holds the potential to be implemented in social media platforms or chat applications, serving as a valuable tool in the ongoing efforts to combat cyberbullying
Design and Development of Hybrid Microgrid Control System for Renewable Energy Generation
Get PDFRenewable energy sources are widely acknowledged as the optimal substitutes for conventional energy outlets globally. Countries are endowed with diverse renewable resources, including solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and tidal energy. Despite this abundance, there exists a substantial disparity between the demand and supply of electrical energy, with numerous regions still facing insufficient access to power. The integration of various renewable energy sources in remote and isolated locations forms a Microgrid (MG), catering adequately to local energy requirements. These microgrids have the capability to function seamlessly alongside conventional grids. Hybrid MG system, incorporating Photovoltaic (PV) with battery storage and a Wind Turbine (WT), emerges as a practical solution for electrifying remote areas in islanded mode. The WT’s installed capacity is chosen to meet critical load requirements during periods of non-availability of renewable sources. The battery's capacity is selected to cover the transition period between renewable sources or as a backup source, ensuring cost-effectiveness over WTs. The application of Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) has demonstrated favorable outcomes compared to existing PSO algorithms, enhancing control efficiency. In a grid-connected MG system, the integration of distributed PV generation has notably improved the voltage profile, reducing overall losses. Consequently, the presented MG systems provide both technically and economically viable solutions for ensuring continuous electricity supply in isolated and grid-connected systems. This approach not only mitigates pollution but also allows for the possibility of capacity addition, fostering sustainable growth in these regions.
Keywords - Renewable Energy, Microgrid, Optimization, Grid Control, Power Generation, Power Distributio
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediment of River Thiba, Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Get PDFTrace elements find their way into humans through ingestion, direct absorption or inhalation. All trace metals are toxic to animals and plants when present in excess amounts. The harmful effects of trace heavy metals in mammals may manifest as growth retardation, decrease in longevity, changes in reproductive cycles, chronic diseases and tumour formation. River Thiba catchment is Mt. Kenya forest and then flows through rocks, soil, farmlands, residential areas and town centres. Due to geological factors and human activities, trace heavy metals may be getting in river Thiba and since the water is used for domestic purposes and irrigation, it was necessary to determine the heavy metal concentration in the river. Sediment and water samples were collected along river Thiba during rainy and dry seasons. The samples were digested then concentrations of eight heavy metals determined using ICP-MS. The mean amounts of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Mn and Se in sediment were 0.0908, 39.8969, 85.1085, 10.3918, 42.5555, 2.3679, 1678.3876 and 5.4907 mg/kg respectively during rainy season and 0.0628, 42.6319, 396.4692, 3.2669, 58.7585, 2.8139, 1766.4009 and 6.1059 mg/kg respectively during dry season. The mean concentration of the same metals in water was 0.0002, 0.0916, 1.0066, 0.0434, BDL, 0.0025, 1.8484 and 0.0038 ppm respectively during wet season and BDL, BDL, BDL, 0.0068, BDL, 0.00002, 0.0070 and BDL ppm respectively during dry season. The mean amount of Cr, Ni and Mn in sediment were found to be above WHO and US EPA permissible limits during both seasons. During rainy season, the mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Pb and Mn in water were above WHO and KEBS/WASREB permissible limits but the concentrations of Cd, Zn, As and Se were below the limits. However, during dry season, all the eight heavy metal concentrations in water were below WHO, KEBS/WASREB permissible limits. As far as the eight heavy metals are concerned, water from river Thiba may not be potable during rainy season but is potable during dry season. However, further investigations should be carried out to determine other water parameters
A Review on the Identification and Classification of Activities for the Purpose of Tracking Objects in Video Surveillance
Get PDFAn increasing number of academics are becoming interested in the field of image processing since object tracking in video surveillance is a significant application and a growing subject of research in the field of technique known as video tracking is one that involves the utilization of a camera in order to find a moving object or many moving things throughout the course of time. As a result of its key qualities, video surveillance serves a variety of functions, including but not limited to human-computer interactions, security and surveillance, video communication, traffic management, and public areas such as airports, underground stations, and large-scale events, amongst others. Keeping track of a target in a congested area is still a difficult video surveillance task. The processing framework for video surveillance is completed by a sequential flow that includes the detection of moving objects, their classification, tracking, and behavior identification. This study examines tracking techniques, classifies them into many categories, and concentrates on significant and practical tracking techniques. This paper discusses several tracking systems, including active contour-based, area-based, and others, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Various tracking techniques are discussed along with thorough descriptions. Finally, researchers present an overview of potential research areas after reviewing general tactics and a scan of the literature on various methodologies
Determination of the Strength Characteristics of Sporosarcinal - Pasteurii Concrete
Get PDFThe strength characteristics of Sporosarcinal Pasteurii concrete (S. Pasteurii concrete) was investigated. To achieve this aim, the suitability of the materials used for concrete specimens were tested before the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the S. Pasteurii concrete was investigated. Bacteria concentration of 0, 0.5, 2, 4 and 6OD was mix with the concrete. The water cement ratio adapted was 0.5. For the compressive strength, three cubes of size 150 x 150 x150mm was crushed for each curing day of 1, 3, 7,14, 28 and 56 days. The average compressive strength was obtained as the compressive strength of the concrete at each curing age. For the split tensile strength, three cylindrical specimen of size 100mm x 200mm was used at each day to obtain the strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The average tensile strength was obtained and for the flexural strength, three beam samples of 100 x 100 x 450mm was used at each curing day of 7, 14, 21 and 28days to obtain the average flexural strength. All the properties of the materials used for the concrete production met the standard requirement of the relevant code of practice. The compressive, tensile and flexural strength of S. Pasteurii concrete was improved in comparison with the control concrete. The percentage increase of the compressive strength at 28days are 17.76%, 19.72%, 25% and 4.04% for 0.5OD, 2OD, 4OD and 6OD respectively. The highest tensile strength was increased by 16.24% and obtained when 0.5OD bacteria concentration was used and cured for 14days. The flexural strength of S. Pasteurii concrete was improved by 44.44%, 8.89%,47.40% and 8.52% for 0.5OD, 2OD,4OD and 6OD respectively at 28 day of curing