International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
Not a member yet
704 research outputs found
Sort by
EVALUATION OF CALCIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES TO ENHANCE HEAVY METAL STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS
Get PDFHeavy metal contamination is a severe environmental problem affecting globalfood production and safety. Heavy metal stress due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation, and nonbiodegradability, it become quite serious in nature. The available strategies for preventingheavy metal contamination are not frequently used because of their inefficient and time- ormoney-consuming properties. Recent developments in nanotechnology have been madebased on ameliorative strategies which have a potential alternative to physic-chemicalmethods. Under heavy metal stress, the application of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) significantly boosts plant biomass, anti-oxidative enzyme activities (such as catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase(GR)), and the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione). Additionally,CaO-NPs enhance the gene expression linked to anti-oxidative enzymes. It can be suggestedthat CaO-NPs could be used as a potential chemical to reduce heavy metal uptake andtoxicity in the plants grown under heavy metal contaminated soil. This review provides anoverview of plant-CaO-NPs research in increasing heavy metal stress tolerance in plants
Assessment of Organic Household Wastes Management System and its impact on the Improvement of Home Economics in Kandahar- Afghanistan
Get PDFHousehold waste is the main source of air pollution and water contamination in Kandahar Afghanistan. Organicwaste forms a high percentage and the main origin of organic waste is food residue, gardens and othercompostable materials. This study aims to find the relationship between organic household waste managementand home economics in Kandahar Afghanistan. Three districts and the center of Kandahar City have beenselected for the study. Non-probability sampling methods specifically convenience sampling have been appliedwith a sample size of 200. Primary data has been collected via questionnaire and survey conducted by fourtrained fourth-year university students. This study found in household waste composition about 36% is organicwaste and in Kandahar province 56.64% of wastes are organic waste. In average 9.8 kg organic waste iscollected from every single house. Animal manure ranked as first source and vegetables second, amongvegetables spinach has the most remnant. It showed that 44% of people eat 6-8times vegetable a week and 37%of people consume 3-5 times fruits a week. Promoting of biogas system is recommended as a possible solutionwa
SMART AGRICULTURE USING INTERNET OF THINGS
Get PDFThe advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about transformative changes to agriculturerelated products. It has not only improved agricultural management but also resulted in a significant improvement inagricultural output quality, reduction in labor costs, increased producer income, and facilitated agriculturalmodernization and intelligence. The research paper offers a comprehensive overview of agricultural IoT research,covering its current state, system architecture, and five core technologies. Additionally, the paper examinesthe operationof agricultural IoT in five representative regionsto highlight its practical application. The paper also discusses thechallenges agricultural IoT faces, includingdata security, interoperability, and the adoption of standardized protocols,and presents a vision for its futuregrowth potential, including increased adoption, greater integration with othertechnologies, and emerging applications and use cases. 
Breeding and agrotechnics of rape (Brassica napus L.). Winter rape - distribution, cultivation and investigation in Bulgaria
Get PDFGrown for its oil content, oilseed rape (OSR) or rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the most significant plant ofthe genus Brassica. If more nations and more land can be used to grow rape, then breeders must find waysto make the crop less acidic ("0" type) and less glycosinolytic ("00" type"). A successful crop, rapeseed hasonly just been reintroduced to our nation. Researchers looked at the possibilities of the newly-introducedwinter and spring rape cultivars. Researchers looked at and developed methods for growing novel hybridsand variations in Europe and throughout the globe. Rapeseed breeding in Bulgaria has been restarted withthe use of newly gathered and evaluated beginning material. The focus of the study was on rapeseed heterosisand the development of parental forms
Real-Time Recognition of Underwater Sonar Signals Using Incremental Stream Mining and Conflict Detection
Get PDFRecognizing sonar sounds is a crucial step in finding large items submerged in the ocean. Rather than relying on visual cues, the military often uses sonar signals to guide them through the depths of the ocean and/or detect the presence of enemy submarines. In particular, data mining's classification technique has been used to sonar signal detection to determine the nature of reflected surfaces. By training a classification model using the whole dataset in batches, classification algorithms in the conventional data mining technique provide reasonable accuracy. It's well knowledge that data streams are continuously acquired from sonar waves.The prior classification techniques may not be applicable to incremental classifier learning, notwithstanding their efficacy in conventional batch training. To meet the need for fast speed, data preparation time must be minimized despite the infinitely large data streams that might result from sonar signals. To avoid having to learn everything about a dataset all at once, this study introduces a new approach to data mining that is well-suited to the gradual elimination of noisy data through quick conflict analysis of the data stream. Through rigorous simulation studies, we find strong evidence for the methodology's success
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES BACTERIUM IN THE AREA OF MOSTAR: OCCURRENCE IN VEGETABLES AND HEALTH RISKS
Get PDFThis research focuses on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and its occurrence in vegetables, specifically, tomatoes andpeppers, and the risks this bacterium poses to health. The research included laboratory analysis of 16 samples of tomatoesand peppers, as well as survey research in the area of the City of Mostar. Based on the survey questionnaire, the respondentsshowed their knowledge about the occurrence of the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes in food and their general knowledgeabout listeriosis. Laboratory analysis consists of two parts. The first part refers to the laboratory analysis of the samplesconducted in the Federal Agro-Mediterranean Institute laboratory in collaboration with its employees. The second part refersto an additional laboratory analysis conducted in the Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina–Neretva Canton laboratory inMostar. This laboratory research aimed to establish whether the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was present in the samplesof vegetables examined in the analysis.All the vegetable samples were chosen randomly from four different locations in the area of Mostar. Also, the analysisincluded the examination of the washed and unwashed tomatoes and peppers.After conducting the laboratory research, it was established that the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was not found in thesamples used, which means all the examination results were negative. 
Screening and Adaptive Evolution of Clostridium for Butanol Synthesis by ABE Fermentation from Cellulosic Biomass: A Review
Get PDFCellulosic biomass has recently been given considerable attention as the most common renewablefeedstock for biofuel manufacture. However, because of lignocelluloses' complex structure, it must beprocessed in several steps, which is expensive and time-consuming. By fermenting cellulosic biomass,Gram-positive Clostridium species can naturally produce butanol. Therefore, novel microbialbiocatalysts with a higher butanol tolerance are required for the industrial-scale production of butanol.Due to its natural capability to break down cellulose, the Clostridium bacterium shows excellentpotential as a strain isolated from lignocellulosic feedstocks, agricultural wastes and converted intobutanol. Other species rather than Clostridiun can be used to produce butanol by adaptive evolution.But, compared to solvent-producing clostridia, other species such as Escherichiacoli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can adaptively change the butanol pathway that might be a solution for eliminating the formation of major by-products, acetone and ethanol, so that butanol yieldcan be improved significantly. Butanol (C4H9OH) is generated primarily using fermentation techniquesand is a powerful industrial solvent. Fermenting cellulosic butanol requires cellulases to break downlignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Solventogenic Clostridia lack efficient cellulase secretionabilities, but cellulolytic Clostridia have the innate capability to degrade lignocellulose and generate notjust ethanol and acetate, but also butyrate and potentially even n-butanol. The n-butanol productionprocess frequently utilized is the ABE fermentation. Also, different target genes employed tomanipulate Clostridium's metabolism in the development of novel microorganisms, and potent syntheticbiology enzymes that exhibit high activity, high production, and butanol robustness are additionallyexplored. Sometimes, it is crucial to highlight all challenges encountered and utilize all of theexperiences gained to develop a cost-effective and high-yielding procedure. The objective of this reviewis to examine the isolation and evolutionary adaptation of Clostridium species to produce butanol fromcellulosic biomass
Evaluation of deoxynivalenol and virulence in dsRNA containing Fusarium graminearum Isolates
Get PDFHypovirulence and the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in some fungus have led totheir potential use as biological control agents. This study screened three dsRNA-containing and onedsRNA-free strain of Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of wheat head blight, to assess theinfluence of dsRNA on pathogenicity and deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis. In a greenhouse experiment,sensitive wheat (cv. Falat) was seen to have a considerably lower disease severity (p<0.01) when exposedto the dsRNA-containing isolates compared to the dsRNA-free isolates. HPLC methods validated DONsynthesis by F. graminearum isolates with and without dsRNA. A range of 0.07 to 1.62 ppm and 0.06 to0.4 ppm was observed for in vitro DON formation, respectively. In comparison to the dsRNA-freeisolates, dsRNA-containing derivatives showed a 50% reduction in DON. In the meanwhile, spikesinfected with F. graminearum isolates containing dsRNA ranged from 0.37 to 0.63 ppm, whereas spikesinjected with dsRNA-free varied from 0.56 to 0.9 ppm. According to these findings, the generation ofDON was reduced by 27.5%
EFFECTS OF MORPHOLOGY ON CHARGE TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF ULTRATHIN METALLIC FILMS ON GRAPHITE NANOSTRUCTURES
Get PDFReportedly, the size and density of the metal nanoparticles considerably alter the work function ongraphitic nanostructures coated with gold, platinum, and chromium. Nanoparticles of gold andplatinum had surface potentials of 1.4 V and 0.6 V, respectively, much greater than the bulk metals'0.45 V and 0.6 V, respectively. Surface potential (SP) measurements on chromium showed a signinversion, with tiny nanoparticles measuring -2 V and bulk chromium -0.9 V. Consistent with theknown doping qualities, the sign shift is shown to be caused by an inversion of the graphite Fermilevel. Charge transfer from metal nanoparticles to graphitic nanostructure is confirmed by a link ofsurface potentials with the resultant dipole. For nanoparticles with a size between 0.1 nm and 1 nm,the charge transfer rose from 0.04 eV to 0.27 eV. These results show that the morphology of the film,in addition to the metal choice, may affect the electrical structure at the metal-graphene/graphiteinterface. 
Performance of different percentage of urea as foliar fertilizer on growth and development of rice (Rabi dhan1)
Get PDFNitrogen can dramatically stimulate plant productivity as well as yield potential of intensifiedagriculture system. The unavailability of Nitrogen fertilizer specially urea during critical period(sowing season, drought, flood.) hamper the rice production. It is noticed in literature that theeffectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer increased if it is applied in plants through foliage along withsoil application. Present research work was planned to evaluate this theme so that the loss of yielddue to unavailability of urea can be reduced by foliar application at various growth stagesof rice.A research work was conducted to examine the “Performance of different percentage of urea asfoliar fertilizer on growth and development of rice (Rabi dhan 1).” at the Agronomy andAgricultural extension Department Field, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December2022-May 2023. Rabi Dhan-1 rice variety with six different percentage of urea as foliar applicationwere used for this experiment. 1. T1= N0% Control, 2. T2= 65% of recommended dose (N 50% asSA + 15% as FA), 3. T3= 70% of recommended dose (N50% as SA + 20% as FA), 4. T4= 75% ofrecommended dose (N50 % as SA + 25 % as FA), 5. T5= 80% ofrecommended dose (N60% asSA + 20% as FA) , 6. T6= N100% Soil application (Traditional practice). The experiment was laidout in a randomized complete block design with threereplications. The significant effect of liquidfertilizer was found on almost all the parameters under studied. All the phenological and growthparameters showed the highest performance in T4= 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA+ 25 % as FA) and lowest in T1= N0% Control. Theresult showed that the phenological characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill1 washighest inT4 while the lowest was in T1. Plant height was increased with the increase of the ageof plants. Chlorophyll content increased slowly at the early stage of crop growth and later declined.All the yield contributing characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill1, effective tillerhill1, panicle length, number of grains panicle1, number of filled grain panicle1,1000 grain weight and grain yield were varied significantly due to different doses of fertilizer application.