International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology
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Freezers using Cryogens: A Review
Get PDF Innovative cryogenic freezing technologies can be used to produce high quality frozenfoods. The potential for the development of new cryogenic equipment and processes is stillenormous. This paper presents the fundamentals of cryogenic freezing and various food freezingtechnologies, discussing some technical descriptions of representative freezing equipmentdeveloped in the past. Product quality issues encountered when using cryogenic systems withinappropriate knowledge of the product or inadequate cold chain after cryogenic freezing -i.e.recrystallization, mechanical damage and others- are also addressed
Ejector and Air Cycle Refrigeration Technologies for Foods
Get PDFFood refrigeration is an important part of the modern day food industry. It isused in all stages of the chain, from food processing, to distribution, retail and finalconsumption in the home. The food industry employs both chilling and freezing processes,and in these processes mechanical refrigeration technologies are invariably employed thatcontributes significantly to the environmental impacts of the food sector both throughdirect and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce these emissions, research anddevelopment worldwide is aimed at both improving the performance of conventionalsystems and the development of new refrigeration technologies of potentially much lowerenvironmental impacts. This paper provides a brief review of both current state of the arttechnologies and emerging ejector and air cycle refrigeration technologies that have thepotential to reduce the environmental impacts of refrigeration in the food industry
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.)
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken with fifteen genotypes of Ragi(Eleusine coracane Gaertn.) with a view to assess the association between yield andyield attributing traits. The genotypes were collected from different Ragi growing statesof our country. The genotypes were grown on three different dated at fifteen daysinterval in Randomized Block Design during summer season. Correlation studiesshowed that grain yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with weightof ear per plant in all the three environments while its associations with days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity were negative and significant on all the three datesof sowing. Days to 50 per cent flowering showed strong positive association with daysto maturity on all the sowing dates and significant positive correlation with number ofeffective tillers in second sowing date only. The associations between days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity on the one hand and weight of ear per plant in E2and E3 environments on the other hand were significant and negative. From the pathanalysis it was, evident that ears per plant had maximum direct positive effect on grainyield in all the environments. Days to 50 per cent flowering had direct negative effect inE3 while direct positive effect in E1 and E2. Days to maturity had direct negative effect inE1 and E2 whereas direct positive effect in E2. The indirect effects of days to floweringand maturity via weight of ear per plant were considerable. 
Linseed and Its Basic Composition
Get PDFThe archaeological evidence of flax cultivation dates back to >6000 BC and it is considered as one of the oldest and most useful crops. Components of flax have diverse uses. Cultivar development of flax is currently focused on enhancing the oil content and nutritional value to meet the demand of nutraceutical market supply, as an alternate source of fish oil, a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6). Growing awareness about the role of diet and quest for human wellness has fuelled interest in ‗Functional foods‘ and functional attributes of many traditional foods are being reinvented. Flaxseed is cultivated in many parts of world for fiber, oil as well as for medicinal purposes and also as nutritional product. Flax continues to surge forward in its recognition as a functional food. It is the richest known source of alpha-linolenic acid, the phytoestrogen, lignans, as well as being a good source of soluble fiber. Flax is also very important fibrous bast plant, both for valuable textile fibres and composites applications and for bioactive compounds used in folk medicine, nutraceuticals and functional food. Flax seeds are rich in valuable fatty acids, amino-acids, phytoestrogens, cyclolinopeptides, lecithin, waxes, lignin, pectin, mucilage, etc. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are effective preventing cardiovascular and heart diseases. The flax seed has been shown to possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. In this review, composition, essential fatty acids,omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolienic acid, proteins, vitamins and minerals, lignans, dietary fiber and uses of flaxseed are discussed. 
Machine Learning-Driven Prediction and Tailored Interventions for Heart Disease Prevention
Get PDFThe heart is the major organ in the human body. The prevalence of many heart-related ailments is increasing, whichcan be attributed to changes in human lifestyle, stress at work, and bad dietary habits. Numerous studies have shownthat heart disorders have been the leading cause of death in Sri Lanka. According to the 2018 data, 31% of cases weredue to stroke, 23% to coronary heart disease, and 14% to ischemic heart disease. As a result, an automated system isrequired to increase medical efficiency and detect such disorders in time for proper treatment. The proposed approachevaluates a patient's risk of getting heart disease using manual input criteria from physical and medical databases ofheart patients. The prediction procedure provides the patient a risk level based on their heart condition andrecommends a customized daily strategy to assist them avoid associated risks. It also features a food planner, anexercise program, a stress reliever, and early warning systems. The system will provide an effective tool forforecasting cardiac issues by analysing massive volumes of complex medical data using machine learning algorithms.Some of the approaches used include decision tree classifiers, logistic regression, and random forests, among others.The key goals of the study are to help patients adopt a healthy lifestyle and prevent their heart problems fromworsening. 
Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Spatial Variability Mapping of Soil Fertility– A Review
Get PDFSoil fertility is one of the key factors of agricultural crop production. Spatiotemporal database and digital mapping of soil fertility at different scale from field level tocountry level has tremendous utility in development of agricultural sector. Geo-statisticaltools in geographic information system (GIS) have potentiality to describe the spatial patternusing semiovariogram analysis and to carry out spatial interpolation of soil propertiesincluding macronutrients and micronutrients by kriging methods. Now–a-days, severalkriging techniques like ordinary kriging, universal kriging, co-kriging, multivariate kriging,indicator kriging etc. are used for spatial interpolation of soil fertility parameter, based onnature and interrelationship of soil attributes and other external information. Farm and districtlevel nutrient mapping are being effectively utilized for precision farming, increased inputuse efficiency, enhanced agricultural productivity, sustainability and environmental safety aswell as policy making for fertilizer allocation in different states
Effect of spawn density and different bed substrate on the sporophore production of Lentinus edodes (Berkley)
Get PDFL. edodes is largely cultivated in China, Japan and other Asian countries because of itstaste and nutritional values. it is important nutritionally because of its higher protein, dietaryfibers and important mineral contents. The present study was investigated the various spawndensity and different bed substrate on the sporophore production of Lentinus edode. Therevealed that that the spawn density of 20 per cent level completely colonized the beds within31 days and the bed substrates, silver oak saw dust recorded shortest spawn run days. 
Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies among Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Get PDF: The experiment with forty one genotypes was conducted during Rabi 2005-06 and 2006-07 in RBD with three replications at three different agro-climaticlocations of Bihar. The analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the treatments for ten characters namely days to 50 % flowering, plant height number ofsecondary branches, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, score of wilt infestation, pod borer infestation per cent, total protein, soluble protein and grain yield whilenumber of primary branches and insoluble protein have shown significant difference among genotypes only in E3, E6 and E2, E6 respectively, it reflected the presence ofsignificant variability in the base material. IPC 2003-55 exhibited the highest mean grain yield (1438 kg/ha) across the six location along with the high protein per cent andleast infestation of wilt having the plant height (45.6 cm), followed by SAKI 9516 (1384 kg/ha), also exhibited resistance against wilt infestation, DCP 92-3 (1271 kg/ha),with highest protein percentage (20.5%) and moderately resistant to wilt, IPC 2003-45, (1224 kg/ha) and IPC 2003-57 (1169 kg/ha). The magnitude of genotypic correlationswere greater than phenotypic correlations in each and every environment, suggesting the significant phenotypic association between characters were primarily due to geneticcauses, which might be due to apheliotropic effect rather than linkage between genes effecting different character. Grain yield kg/ha was found to be associated significantlyand positively with number of primary branches per plant and number of pods per plant across the six environments along with its high positive direct effect on grain yield ofboth the character as well as positive indirect effect via wilt infestation and total protein. Suggesting that the true relationship of these characters with grain yield andselection based on these traits might lead to the increase of grain yield
Extraction of Pear (Pyrus Pyrifolia cv. Gola) Fruit Pulp and its Storage Stability
Get PDFA research was carried out to investigate the effect of storage on pulp, extracted frompear fruit, persevered with potassium metabisulphite (KMS), packed in glass bottles and stored atlow temperature (6±1˚C) for 180 days. Pulp recovery from pear fruit was 54.8 %. Physico-chemicalparameters of fresh pear pulp viz. pH, TSS, titrable acidity, sugar/acid ratio and ascorbic acid weretended to be 3.93, 12.67°Brix, 0.38 %, 33.51% and 5.25 mg/100g, respectively which were changedto 3.7, 13.67 °Brix, 0.46 %, 30.2 % and 4.32 mg/100g, respectively. Reduction in pH (3.93 to 3.7)was significant (p< 0.05). No fungal (yeast and mould) growth was observed during storage of 180days. It was found that pasteurized pear pulp could be stored for extended period of time withoutany major changes in chemical composition and could be used for preparation of Jam in anyseason
Potential of Agroforestry, Inventorization, Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological Analysis of Tree Species in Block Ramgarh, Samba (J&K), India
Get PDFTrees play an important role in ecosystem in all terrestrials and provide a range of products andservices to rural and urban people. As natural vegetation is cut for agriculture and other types ofdevelopment, the benefits that trees provide are best sustained by integrating trees intoagricultural system — a practice known as agroforestry. Farmers have practiced agroforestrysince ancient times. Agroforestry focuses on the wide range of trees grown on farms and otherrural areas. In the present study, we analyzed distribution pattern, diversity and phytosociologyof tree species in Block Ramgarh, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir. Data were collected throughsample plot surveys. A total of thirty sample plots of one hectare size (100x100m) each wereselected in agriculture fields. A total of 17 tree species were encountered in agricultural fieldswith Zizyphus maurtiana, Mangifera indica, Melia azadirachta, Dalbergia sissoo etc. thedominant tree species. Mangifera indica was the most dense tree species with density value of1.9 tree/ha followed by Melia azadirachta having density of 1.1 tree/ha. Bauhinia purpurea wasthe least dense species (0.03 tree/ha). The highest basal area in case of tree species was obtainedfor Zizyphus maurtiana (5.13m2/ha) followed by Ficus religiosa (2.94m2/ha). The value ofShannon Weiner index was found to be 2.41 for trees in agriculture fields. The results of thestudy revealed that, the trees in agriculture fields are very sparse which can be exploited aspotential sites for tree plantations