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Prosodic Analysis: It's Symbolic Method, Recommendations and Principles for Urdu
No full textThe present work summarizes some very practicable rules of verse segmentation which have been employed by Urdu poets to balance the musical and fluency aspects of one verse with other ones within a poem. An attempt has been made to construct symbols for different parts of a words or speech having varying sounds impacts. The mathematical / symbolic way may be fruitful for some incipient poets. In this new symbolic phonetic system the words or their parts thereof have been described by only two symbols. One is used to indicate a moving alphabet, whereas another to highlight "sabab"; which comprises of one moving alphabet followed by a silent alphabet. While summarizing instructive rules for urdu poetry, some tips which I learned from my teacher the late Sheikh Muhammad Akhtar Hussain, who was a student of Hazrat Ihsaan Danish are being published for the first time. 
Folk Romance in Pakistani Culture
No full textIn Pakistani folk culture, romance appears as a symbol to unfold the deep insight and metaphysical expression regarding Heer Ranja, Soni Mahiwal, Mirza Sabhian and Sussi Punu. The important point regarding these folklore romance,, the divinity of love appears as the gift of Allah, create an unseen spirit to reach to its destiny. While observing every case,, the annihilated phenomenon unfold the metaphysical trait in the form of fana- which is an Arabic word means-passing away.Pakistani folklore is comprised of folk songs, folk tales, myth, legends, customs, proverbs and traditions of the four provinces and along with tribal areas forming the modern nation of Pakistan. Every village had hundreds of tales and traditions. The Pakistani folk lore is shaped by means of language and the traditions of various ethnic groups
An Analytical Study of Iqbal’s Poetry on Kashmiri Nationalism
No full textThe occupation, slavery and violence are against the nature and most notorious in the life of nations who are suffered from cultural, structural, physical and potential violence which badly impacted upon all five factors of human life activities i.e., economic, environmental, political, security and societal. Man has an instinct to fight against these psychological phenomenon slavery, occupation, subjugation and deprivation of rights which requires any forceful stimulus to revoke against injustice, violence and hostility. In Kashmir, just after the downfall of Mughals the alien rulers oppressed, made inhuman, harsh and authoritarian treatment with the Kashmiris by Afghans, Sikhs and in last by Dogras. Iqbal having Kashmiri family background remained worry about the poor and miserable situation and substandard living of the Kashmiris. The slavery, tortures and heavy taxes with deprivation for fundamental right, no authority, no liberty, and freedom were very famous in subcontinent. Iqbal raised his voice against subjugation and inhuman treatment with the Kashmiris and also inspired Kashmiris against brutality and slavery. The lightening words of Iqbal is still working as magical impacts in the feelings, emotions, thoughts and ideas of the Kashmiris and they stood against the Dogra illegal and injustice monocracy and undemocratic autocracy in Kashmir. The resistance of Iqbal during the accidents of 1931 gave birth to impressive freedom movement after the partition of subcontinent. This is an attempt to highlight the Iqbal specific poems and verses written on the misery of Kashmir and some lines for the motivations of the Kashmiris which resulted into strong inspiration against Indian illegal Occupation since last 74 years
The Writers of Angaray and Class Struggle
No full textAbstract: "Angarey" ("Embers"/"Burning Coals") is a collection of nine short stories and a one act play in Urdu written by four young firebrands i.e. Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, Rasheed Jahan and Mahmud-uz-Zafar. It was first published in 1932 and is generally considered to have marked the beginning of "Taraqqi Pasand Tehreek" or Progressive Writers' Movement in India. All contributors of "Angarey" were highly educated and were inspired by the writings of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence as well as from Marxist writings. They were critic of conservative elements within Indian society especially the Muslim community of India. Release of the book triggered protests and it was banned by the government just a few months after its publication. This research article provides an insight into the life and philosophy of the contributors of "Angarey" along with a detailed socio-political background in which such a controversial book was written. With a special emphasis on various classes of the Indian society and their conflicts, it evaluates the circumstances that led to these writers to strongly protest against the prevailing social, political and religious institutions, the economic inequality of the society, uneven distribution of wealth, plight of the poor, peasants, laborers and women, excessive role of the most rigid version of the religion as well as sexual repression and other unnecessary restrictions against human freedom. On the other hand, the article also elaborates how the society received this set of revolutionary ideas and the outrage from social, religious and civil authorities. The article concludes that "Angarey" was not just a collection of short stories but a sophisticated protest against established traditions and conventions. It challenged the taboos and tried to pave a path towards an enlightened, progressive, liberal and just society but the call was completely misunderstood being too early for various segments of the society. The writers of "Angarey" performed their part in a befitting manner in reducing class contradictions in the society. Their efforts not only attracted the contemporary writers and intellectuals but also they provided a great platform to the influence makers of the future. That is why their footprints are still visible and echo of their thoughts and philosophy could be felt in the literature of the Indian sub-continent even today despite passing many decades
Majeed Amjad: Tradition and Individuality
No full text In the life of Majeed Amjad, time treated him with great indifference. This article contains analysis of Majeed Amjad's poems. Studying this article can help to understand the literary scene of the twentieth century, especially the different aspects of Majeed Amjad's poetry. Majeed Amjad's poetry is the poetry of a healthy man who poured the cancer of society's belly into his veins and tried to operate on himself and society with his poetic surgical abilities. Third world society! Third world individual! The anguish of the Third World! is the source of the essence of Amjad's poetry. 
Urdu Short Story Writing of Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zoaq, New York
No full text"Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zoaq, New York is a symbol of uncounted attachment with its language. Since 2012, this settlement of Urdu is paying its right of affection with its mother language. Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zoaq, New York owns privilege to earn this honour that it invites literates from Pakistan and other countries along side other states of America in their poetic gatherings and meetings and there everyone present their creations for criticism. Thus, they are transferring their language, civilization & culture to the next generation. This dissertation is an analysis of the fictions of writers writing under the umbrella of Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zoaq, New York. The writers of Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zoaq, New York are agreed with the philosophy of literature for life. These immigrants are carrying out duty of spreading out Urdu language like fragrance in the foreign country
Nou-Ayin e John Horace Ford; A Rare Qissa from the Eighteenth Century
No full textThis article presents the very first critical editing of the “Nou-Ayin e John Horace Ford” by Rustam Ali Bijnori. This ‘qissa’ was penned down in 1786 A.D for presenting to an East India Company’s army officer John Horace Ford. A manuscript of abovesaid qissa is kept in the Middle Eastern Manuscript section of Special Collections at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Alongwith critical editing, a brief biographical introduction of the author, linguistic and stylistic analysis of the text and a glossary are also included in this article. Keywords: Urdu prose, Nou-Ayin e John Horace Ford, Rustam Ali Bijnori, Critical Editing, Manuscript
Critical Consciousness of Noon.Meem.Rashid
No full textA study of Rashid's critical capital shows that Rashid's study was extensive. He has written on many aspects of literature. Rashid had a solid and reasoned view on various genres of literature. Although Rashid did not pay close attention to criticism, his articles reflect his deep critical consciousness. These articles reveal the tastes of the great poet of Urdu poetry. These articles by Rashid have been written in different periods. Therefore, Rashid's mental maturity looks different in different subjects. Rashid's style is solid, scientific and reasoned. They base their views on arguments and proofs beyond prejudice. Although Rashid did not pay attention to criticism, his articles are a thought-provoking addition to Urdu literature
Cultural Conflict and Analysis of Iqbal's Critique on Educational System of East and West
No full textThe education System of a nation is product of its culture. Every nation wants to nurture its children according to its cultural heritage. culture plays an important role in shaping the education system. That is why, sometimes the education system of one nation can be very harmful to the national existence of another nation. As we saw in colonial period that the Western education system was not only an educational but also a cultural invasion. Especially in Subcontinent this invasion proved very harmful for the identity of Muslims as nation. So, many intellectuals came forward as critics of the Western education, but usually their criticism seems to be exaggerated. In this scenario, Iqbal was the only intellectual whose criticism on Western education seems to be balanced, because he not only criticizes the Western education system but also exposes the Eastern education system of the time
Male Characters of Kai Chand Thay Sar-e-Asman
No full textShamsur Rehman Farooqi's novel "Kai Chand They Sar-e-Aasman" is ranked as one of the seminal works of the first decade of the twenty first century. In this work, Farooqi has in the wake of countours of Indo-Islamic civilization has brought out through some very living and thriving male characters. The researcher has through analytical lens brought out the exquisite way Farooqi has crafted the male characters of his nove