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Lovers Versus Rivals: The Manifestation of Jealousy in the Amorous Verse of Mirza Ghalib and John Donne
No full textMirza Ghalib and John Donne are regarded as prominent love poets of their respective languages. Their treatment of the theme of love, i.e., romantic love, is quite realistic and unconventional. Jealousy is an important aspect of the emotion of romantic love. The present study explores various sources of jealousy as they are experienced by the protagonists, the male lovers in the poetry of Donne and Ghalib. One of these sources of jealousy is the presence of the Rival. The study discusses the impact of the presence of the Rival on the love triangles of Donne and Ghalib and illustrates how lovers in them react to the power and influence of the Rival. The study takes insights from the social sciences, as for example the concept of sexual jealousy given by Berscheid & Regan (2005 ) and applies them to the love poetry of Donne andGhalib. The present is a case study of comparative literature and analyses the various manifestations of the emotion of jealousy in the love poetry of Donne and Ghalib in order to determine how much these love poets from two different cultures and times resemble with or differ from each other
A Manuscript of Masnavi Ramzul Ishq
No full textMasnavi Ramzul Ish'q is a unique literary master piece of Classic Urdu Literature. It also has great importance as an early Urdu writing in Punjab. It is an important Urdu poetic composition on mysticism. Masnavi Ramzul Ish'q was written by Ghulam Qadir Shah, a famous Noshahi Sufi (mystic leader) of Punjab. Masnavi Ramzul Ish'q is famous among mystic lovers and in Urdu literary circles, so several manuscripts of this Masnavi have been prepared by various scribers and have been found so far. Some of them are considered important in the editing and studying of this Masnavi. This article deals with another and an unfamiliar copy of the manuscript of Masnavi Ramzul Ish'q. In this article, the writer provides essential and important information about the concerned manuscript. He has covered various aspects of the detailed study of this manuscript
Letters of Molvi Abdul Haq to Syed Hashmi Fareed Abadi
No full textMoulvi Abdul Haq (1870-1961) was one of the greatest lovers of Urdu literature who continuously strived for the survival and evaluation of Urdu language, throughout his life. One of his most considerable and endorsable attributes is letter writing. He wrote hundreds of letters to his fellows, prominent scholars and political personalities. Here, twenty three unpublished letters of Moulvi Abdul Haq are being produced. These letters are written to one of his nearest friends Syed Hashami Fareed Abadi. The letters comprise of some important details relating to the life of Moulvi Abdul Haq and "Anjuman-e-Tarraqi-e-Urdu". These letters have not been included in any other book containing his letters or biographical details. These letters also illuminate the ups and downs of the educational and cultural history of Pakistan. Keeeping in view the importance of these letters, their text, including annotation, along with images are being presented in this article
The Philosophical Base of Urdu Ghazal: An Impression
No full textLiterature provides a way for understanding life in the perspective ofman, society and universe. Poets in poetry as it is said reunite themselves on the basis of their existence. This attitude brings them near to the state of philosophy. They through their symbolic and metaphorical ways of expressions can explore the depths of life around them. Numerous poets belong to the genre of Urdu Ghazal who wrote reflective poetry entered into the realm of metaphysics, logic and ethics. Their several verses contain philosophical axis. The writers of this article explored philosophical approach in Urdu Ghazal
Proverbs and Sayings in Hafiz' Verses
No full textHafiz was a Persian poet who lauded the joys of love and wine butalso targeted religious hypocrisy. His collected works are regarded as a pinnacle of persian literature and are often found in the homes of people in the persian speaking world who learn his poems by heart and still use them as proverbs and sayings. Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith and exposing hypocrisy. In his ghazals, he deals with love wine and tavern, all presenting the ecastasy and freedom from restraint whether in actual wordly release or in the voice of the lover speaking of divine love
"Linguistic Structures" andl New Poem
No full textIftikar Jalib draws on Wittgenstein for the theoretical framework ofmodern poetry. And language remains the main site of contestation. The primary objective in Jalib is to create linguistic structures which suit the demands of modern poetry. Human alienation, disenchantment with modern human conditions and the oppression of a consumerist culture are the major thematic concerns in his poetry. And he argues that the traditional linguistic structures are incapacitated to accommodate the complexity of contemporary human experiences. New forms of linguistic structures need to emerge to produce, in the words of T.S.Eliot, the objective correlative for human sufferings. Jalib tends to create the objective correlative in the forms mediated through his peculiar complex linguistic structures
Four Important Iranian Iqbalists
No full textAllama Iqbal (1877...1938), as a poet of Persian, had passionate feelings about Iran and its literary heritage. In this article, the writer introduces four important Irani scholars who introduced Iqbal and his thought in Iran. These scholars are : Syed Muhammad Ali Larejani(1295-1371HS), Syed Muhmmad Muheet Tabatabai (1901-1992), Saeed Nafeesi (1895-1966), Dr. Syed Ghulam Reza Saeedi (1895-1988)
The Element of Reminiscence in Goli Taraghi's Short Stories
No full textGoli Taraghi is a representative modern fictionist of Iran. She hasintroduced new trends in Iranian fiction. Her fiction works abound with the element of reminiscence. This aspect does not only depict changes in her personal life but also represents changes caused by Irani Revolution. She often suffers from nostalgia in her fiction but her positive thinking saves her from disappointment and her short stories turn to loving the past positively. It is worth mentioning here that aspect of reminiscence is woven in her fiction while carrying all technicalities of fiction. This article covers the aforementioned aspect and it is the first piece of research in Urdu
G.W. LEITNER’S CERTIFICATE FOR NATURALIZATION
No full textLeitner was Hungarian by birth and “an Austrian Subject”. As an intelligent young student he learnt the major languages of the Islamic countries (e.g. Arabic, Turkish, Persian and later on Urdu) and completed the Islamic studies from the well-known madrassahs of Istanbul. After migration to England (September 1858), he first got admitted in King’s College, London, where, later on, he became the Professor of Arabic studies. In 1862, he decided to surrender his Austro-Hungarian citizenship and tried to get the naturalization of England. For this purpose, he completed all the relevant procedural formalities and finally succeeded in becoming citizen of Great Britain afterwards. Luckily, all the hand-written documents relating to his case of naturalization are safely preserved in the library of the Public Record Office, London.1 Still unpublished, all the material, contained in this file is being revealed in this article
The Clash of Eastern and Western Civilizations
No full textEastern and Western civilization and its clash is an important research work. It highlights the merits and demerits of the both civilizations. The research suggests that the clash of civilization is a reality. The contrast of Eastern and Western Civilizations is so much striking that some time a very intelligent person also remains astonished.The clash of Both Civilizatuions have been depicted very beautifully in Urdu Fiction.Urdu Fiction has laid a great focus to enlight its reader about the changed point of view of life in Eastern and Western Civilizations.So,it suggests that clash must be accepted as a fact. Hence, East and West should adopt suitable measures to learn tolerance of differences and be prepared to accept others with thier qualities and faults. It will enable them to enjoy modern world with its merits and demerits.It also suggests that need of reformation in both civiliztions is necessray. Reformation in both civilization will produce a safe future to thecoming generations