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The Importance of Novelistic Wisdom in Milan Kundera's Critical System
No full text Milan Kundera is undoubtedly one of the greatest intellectuals of the modern era. His status as a novelist is undeniable, but his second greatness is that he has written openly in his articles and interviews about the evaluation of the novel and its distinction from other disciplines.He has proven, through detailed and credible logical reasoning, that the novel is superior to all other academic disciplines in its identification and exploration of human existence.He distinguishes novel,s wisdom from non-novel wisdom in an argumentative manner. In this article, we have tried to examine his thoughts on what grounds he reaches the conclusion that what is novel,s wisdom.In this article, with the help of Kundera's critical approach, we have tried to reach a conclusion on what basis a novel becomes a high novel and for what reasons it falls from the level of a true novel and falls into the realm of a fake novel
Musaddas Shaher Ashob of Dagh Delhvi: Analytical Study
No full textMirza Khan dagh Dehlvi is considered the last poet of Dehlvi school of classic Urdu poetry. He was a lover of beautiful faces. His entire life was spent composing poems of love and affection. In general perception, there is no despair in his poetry. But theTragedy of the war of Independence was very difficult time for Dagh Dehlvi, which he had expressed in his poem “Musaddas Shahr Aashob”. This poem is an elegy of destroyed and late Delhi of his times. Moreover, this poem is a unique piece of art that incorporates references to the contemporary history of that time. “Musaddas Shahr Aashob” is revealing significant information about the contemporary individual and collective attitudes of the people in Delhi during the War of Independence of 1857 and soon after that. In this poem Nawab Mirza Dagh Dehlvihimself is a representative of the mental state of the Delhi’s elite immediately after the war of Independence. Like many other people in Delhi, Dagh blamed the rebels for the destruction of Delhi. It was very difficult for the people of Delhi to admit their mistakes committed in the past. This poem is dominated by feelings of patriotism and love for Delhi. Dagh is a person associated with the culture and glorious past of Delhi. He said that those who attacked Delhi have done what is not permissible in any religion. Then he called those rebels “Mata Din” and “Ganga Din”.These words refer to Hinduism. Thus, this poem also strengthens the Two-Nations Theory in Indian Subcontinent. The theory that grew stronger and stronger in the coming times as the greatest truth in the history of Indo-Pak
Patriotism in the Poetry of Azerbaijani poet Ulvi Bunyadzade
No full textUlvi Bunyadzade, a prominent figure in Azerbaijani literature, stands out as an emblematic poet known for his profound dedication to the themes of freedom and independence. His poetic works, infused with deep emotion and nationalistic fervor, resonate with the aspirations and struggles of the Azerbaijani people. This research article explores Bunyadzade's life, literary contributions, and the socio-political context that shaped his oeuvre. It examines the ways in which his poetry reflects the collective yearning for liberty and the resistance against oppression, employing symbolic imagery and powerful language to inspire a sense of unity and resilience. Through a detailed analysis of his key works, the study underscores Bunyadzade's role as a voice of resistance and a beacon of hope in the literary tradition of Azerbaijan. This exploration sheds light on how his poetic legacy continues to influence contemporary literature and inspire new generations with its universal call for freedom and justice
Origins and Evolution of Ecocriticism: Anyalytical Study
No full textWhile Western academia embraced ecocriticism in the late 20th century, Urdu literary circles only began engaging with ecological perspectives in the 2010s. This nascent discipline has since flourished, with universities incorporating ecocritical studies, scholars translating Western theories, and researchers producing original Urdu works on environmental literature. Notable contributions include Aurangzaib Naizi's pioneering books Ecocriticism: Theory and Practice and Urdu Literature: An Ecological Perspective, which established foundational frameworks. Pakistani scholars like Abdullah Naem Rasool (Urdu Poetry: An Ecological Review) and Dr. Ashraf Javed Malik (Urdu Nazm: An Ecological Perspective) have expanded the discourse through genre-specific analyses. From India, Nasreen Ahsan Fatihi's Ecofeminism and Contemporary Urdu Short Story offers a gender-sensitive approach, while Sabeen Ali's journal Deedban provides a platform for ongoing ecocritical debates. This rapid institutionalization reflects Urdu academia's responsiveness to global ecological concerns while developing indigenous critical paradigms. The discipline's growth demonstrates how Urdu scholarship is both absorbing international theoretical models and cultivating its own ecocritical traditions to reinterpret literary heritage through an environmental lens. As climate change urgency grows, Urdu ecocriticism promises to yield increasingly sophisticated analyses of nature-culture intersections in South Asian literature
The Parallel Narrative of Bahawalpur State in Hafeez Khan's Har Ik Janam Ki Janama
No full textAbstract History, organized by the rise and fall of individuals and nations, is a document in which some lessons are unforgettable lessons. In general, such lessons are laments of defeat and loss and retreat more than victories due to the lack of independence, from which the future generations prepare some guiding principles of life in order to protect themselves from being shaken in the future and to preserve their independence and autonomy. can be maintained in any situation. Along with the historian, a novelist also makes the scenario arranged by these narrow and dark paths the subject of his story and while maintaining the story, on the one hand, if he makes the subtle points of life a part of social memory, on the other hand, history and It sets up a parallel narrative of civilization. The paper under consideration covers the critical trial of Muhammad Hafeez Khan's novel entitled 'Har Ek Janam Ki Janma', which deals with the chaos and fragmentation of the autonomy of Bahawalpur state in the colonial period
The Scholarship of Syed Sharafat Ali Naushahi: An Introduction
No full textSyed Sharafat Naushahi was a renowned and distinguished intellectual of Urdu,Persian,Arabic and Punjabi languages. He was also sage, poet, historian, researcher, translater and calligrapher of his age. His literary specification and writing services regarding saints are the glittering evedences of his knowledge. History of Mysticism was his special area of interest. In an art of History Sharief ul Tawarikh is his representative book. His beaming efficiency in the field of History and Literature was not the ralic of any institution but it was the miracle of the teaching of any accomplished Scholar. He opened a new world of discussion of research in the field of Urdu and punjabi langauges. He always kept in mind the research honesty and rules of traditions and attestification.He merely not only narrates the stories but also visualizes the incentives and effects of those incidents. All his books e.g Sharief ul Tawarikh, Tarekh i Abbasi, Tazkara Shuray Naushahia, Muwaz i Naushah Peer, Chahar Bahar(Translation), Gunj ul Asrar(Editing), IntiKhab i Gunj Sharief(Editing) represents his research abilities.  
Bedil, Khān Ārzū and Mīr Taqī Mīr
No full textBīdil is considered the greatest and last influential poet of the *Sabk-e-Hindi* (Indian style). The intellectual similarities between Ghālib and Bīdil are widely recognized as a valid research topic. However, little effort has been made to explore the connections between Mīr Taqī Mīr, a famous Urdu poet known as *Khudā-e-Sukhan* (God of Poetry), and Bīdil in terms of thought and style. Even though Mīr lived closer to Bīdil’s time and had more direct access to his works compared to Ghālib, this connection has not been fully explored. Persian literary records clearly mention that Khān Ārzū, a mentor and relative of Mīr, considered himself a student of Bīdil. This paper is the first scholarly attempt to trace the intellectual and artistic links between Mīr and Bīdil through the influence of Khān Ārzū
The Narrative Enchantment of the Novel “The Museum of Innocence”: Melancholia, Sorrow and Pamuk's Creative Perspectives
No full textThis paper presents an analytical study of melancholia, collective hüzün, and psychological and philosophical narratives in Orhan Pamuk’s renowned novel “The Museum of Innocence”. Pamuk intricately portrays love, memory and societal transformations in Turkey through the lens of melancholia and collective grief. The research incorporates Sigmund Freud’s theory of melancholia, and Pamuk’s discourse on Turkish modernity. This study examines the novel’s psychological and cultural dimensions, proving that Pamuk’s work is not merely a romantic tale but a literary and intellectual creation that explores the complexities of memory, identity, and collective consciousness. The research highlights how melancholia and hüzün are deeply embedded in personal and societal structures and how these elements take centre stage in “The Museum of Innocence”
Tahzeeb-e-Niswan and Female Tareekh Goi
No full textTareekhgoi (chronogram), a revered art among classical Urdu poets, ingeniously encoded dates within poetic verses using Arabic numeral values of letters. Historically, when formal record-keeping was scarce, these chronograms served as mnemonic devices for significant events. Mastery of Tareekhgoi demanded poetic finesse and numerological expertise, leading to the misconception that it was a male-dominated craft. However, with the advent of colonial-era education, women poets defied this notion. Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, a pioneering women’s magazine, became a platform for female voices to excel in Tareekhgoi, publishing hundreds of verses on diverse occasions—from births to cultural milestones. These contributions dismantled gender biases and cemented women’s place in Urdu literary history. This groundbreaking study is the first to analyze the volume, themes, and artistic merit of chronograms published in Tehzeeb-e-Niswan, revealing their expressive range and socio-cultural significance. By documenting this overlooked legacy, the research paves the way for future scholarly exploration of gendered literary traditions in Urdu.“Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” was a magazine, which was dedicated to women's writings and encouraged new female writers or poets. Empowered by this magazine, women started getting their standing in poetry and literature and there came a time when the women who wrote in the magazine “Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” had become renowned writers and poets of their time. These same women also demonstrated the art of Tarikhgui on the pages of “Tehzeeb-e-Niswan” and wrote hundreds of verses, proving wrong the idea that only male poets could master this art. The article under consideration has examined how many historical verses were published in Tehzeeb Niswan and what was their artistic status. It has also been examined on what kind of different occasions the poets recited verses and how much diversity there was in their expression. This is the first research work on this topic in Urdu, which can open avenues for further research in the future
Urdu Travelogues about Türkiye and the Turks During the Reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II.
No full textThe travelogues written in Urdu by travellers from the Indian subcontinent during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II offer valuable insights into the Ottoman Empire and Istanbul. These travelogues encompass detailed observations of the historical, cultural, social, and political aspects of Istanbul, Ottoman society, and the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II. Commencing in the late nineteenth century, these travelogues evolved into a substantial repository for comprehending the social fabric, cultural values, and prominent figures of the era. The travellers' motivations for visiting the Ottoman lands were diverse, encompassing the fostering of coordination among Islamic countries, the opportunity to visit Istanbul, and the close study of Ottoman society. Among these figures, Nawab Omar Khan, Shibli Nomani, Molavi Abdurrahman Amritsari, Munshi Mahbub Alam, Shaikh Abdulqadir, and Nazli Rafia are particularly noteworthy. These individuals meticulously documented their observations of Ottoman social structures, educational systems, daily life, traditions, cultural values, and significant political figures. These travelogues provide a comprehensive portrayal of Ottoman society and present both positive and negative impressions of the period. They serve as invaluable sources for studying the cultural and social structure of the period and provide essential insights into the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II. The travelogues make an important contribution to our understanding of the historical and social contexts of the late Ottoman period.