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Hemijske karakteristike mehanički separisanog pilećeg mesa i upotreba u proizvodnji
No full textMehanički separisano meso (MSM) je nusproizvod živinarske industrije koji zahteva rutinsku procenu kvaliteta. Cilj ove studije bio je da se prikažu rezultati praćenja kvaliteta uzoraka mehanički separisanog pilećeg mesa, koji su prikupljeni u periodu od dve godine, a proizvedeni od istog proizvođača i uzorkovanih na mesečnom nivou. Kroz hemijsku analizu sadržaja kalcijuma, masti, proteina, vlage, ukupnog pepela i sastava masnije kiselina je sprovedena kontrola. Osnovna svrha pregleda je bila da se ukaže na promenu sastava i fluktuaciju rezultata koda je u pitanju isti proizvođač, a mehanički separisano meso dobijeno istom tehnologijom proizvodnje i naravno poreklom od živine sa iste farme. Hemijska analiza je bila fokusirana na sadržaj osnovnih parametara, odnosno masti, proteina, vlage i ukupnog pepela, koji su važni za njegovu dalju upotrebu u proizvodnji. Srednja vrednost dobijenih odnosa masnih kiselina upoređena je sa vrednostima odnosa masnih kiselina u analiziranih u proizvodima, kao što je proizvod mini pileća posebna kobasica, koji u svom sastavu sadrži MSM, ali i sa takozvanom, prerađenom pilećom masnoćom koja se takođe dalje koristi u proizvodnji mnogih proizvoda industrije mesa
Phytochemical Composition and Overall Taste Modulation in Lettuce: Combination of Cultivar and Biofertiliser
No full textThis study assessed the impact of biofertilisers on primary and secondary (specialised)
metabolites in six lettuce cultivars (‘Kiribati’, ‘Murai’, ‘Aquino’, ‘Gaugin’, ‘Aleppo’, and
‘Carmesi’) grown in anthropogenic soil during an autumn greenhouse experiment. Four
treatments were tested: control (no fertilisation), effective microorganisms (EM), Tricho-
derma, and their combination. Red cultivars showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
and total phenolic content (TPC), with red Lollo ‘Carmesi’ having the highest TAC, TPC,
carotenoids, total soluble solids, sweetness index, and sugars. Red Oak ‘Murai’ exhibited
the highest chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, while green cultivars ‘Kiribati’ and ‘Aquino’
excelled in chlorophyll a and overall taste, respectively. Biofertilisers did not affect TAC
or most chlorophyll types but increased TPC (EM by 18.6% and combined treatment by
19.6%) and chlorophyll a (EM by 28.6% and Trichoderma by 23.8%). Combined fertilisers
improved taste with reduced glucose and fructose content and sweetness index, though su-
crose remained unchanged compared to the control. Major organic acids (malic, citric, and
tartaric) were most abundant in ‘Murai’ and ‘Kiribati’, unaffected by treatments. Phenolics
content peaked in ‘Murai’ and ‘Carmesi’, characterised by chicoric and chlorogenic acid,
caffeoylquinic acid glucoside, and flavonoids (quercetin derivatives, kaempferol); biofer-
tilisers mainly influenced gallic acid, while kaempferol was affected by all biofertilisers and
increased in the range of 12.5–25%. The key sesquiterpene lactones identified were lactucin,
lactucopicrin-15-oxalate, and 11β,13-dihydrolactucin. The content of sesquiterpene lactones
analysed in this study increased significantly, especially with EM treatment (14.7–185.7%)
and combined fertilisers (12.5–128.6%), highlighting the lactone-rich cultivars ‘Carmesi’ and
‘Gaugin’. Red cultivars ‘Carmesi’ and ‘Murai’ exhibited the most favourable phytochemical
profiles, suitable for cultivation and processing of quality-based products. In contrast, the
green cultivar ‘Aquino’ received the highest sensory scores, delivering the most appealing
overall taste despite its lower metabolite content. EM treatment and combined fertilisers
are recommended for increasing chlorophyll a, myo-inositol, TSS, propionic acid, TPC,
kaempferol, and major lactones under greenhouse autumn conditions
Carbon-Cloth Supported ZnO Nanorods as Binder-Free Zinc-Ion Battery Anodes: An Investigation into the Electrode Formation Process
No full textZinc-based batteries are emerging as promising alternatives to mainstream
technologies due to their superior safety, cost-effectiveness, and abundance of
raw materials. However, zinc anodes, exhibit insufficient cycle life and low
utilization in aqueous electrolytes, mainly owing to shape change and
passivation. While nanostructuring of Zn anodes has been explored for Zn-Ni
rechargeable alkaline batteries, no explicit electrochemical studies have
elucidated how nanostructures, fabricated in the oxidized state, are reduced
during the initial formation step, yielding elemental Zn. In this work, a
hydrothermal synthesis of freestanding electrodes is proposed, based on
vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown directly on carbon cloth (CC)
(ZnO/CC). ZnO nanostructuring mitigates passivation, while the carbon cloth
fiber network confines soluble Zn(II) intermediates, hindering diffusion into
the electrolyte bulk. Moreover, the CC substrate provides optimal electronic
contact to the active material, and acts as a built-in current collector. This
work investigates the evolution of ZnO/CC during the first electrochemical
reduction cycle, with emphasis on morphochemical nanostructure
changes rather than establishing a benchmark anode. Electrochemical
measurements are combined with advanced characterization techniques,
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray
absorption hyperspectral imaging via scanning transmission X-ray
microscopy (STXM) and ptychography at the Zn L-edge. This multimodal
approach offers unprecedented insights into the ZnO-to-Zn reduction to
guide future Zn-ion anode design
COMPARATIVE ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC DYNAMICS IN THREE BASIL VARIETIES UNDER ARTIFICIAL AND OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS
No full textBasil (Ocimum spp.) is a commonly used aromatic plant that is valued for culinary, medicinal
and industrial use due to its high content of various bioactive compounds, like phenols and
terpenoids. In this research three basil plant varieties (Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese – GB,
Ocimum × citriodorum – LB and Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens – PB) were grown in a
growth chamber under controlled conditions at 600 μmol m-2 s-1 and then transferred to open
field with an average midday sunlight intensity of 1000–1200 μmol m-2 s-1 to investigate the
effects of growth conditions on reduced ascorbate content, antioxidant status and phenolic
accumulation. In addition, a novel approach combining fluorescence spectroscopy and
multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis was used to
differentiate varieties and evaluate treatment effects. Despite the constitutive differences in
ascorbate content among the three varieties, exposure to sunlight in the open field led to its
accumulation in all of them, with the greatest increase being found in GB (almost 4-fold). This
was accompanied by a twofold accumulation of total phenolics in GB after sun exposure, a 50%
increase in PB, while the phenolic content remained unchanged in LB plants in comparison to
control conditions. In terms of antioxidant activity, exposure of the basil plants to sunlight
resulted in an increase in antioxidant activity only in purple basil, while the antioxidant capacity
remained unchanged in the other two varieties. MCR-ALS analysis revealed two spectral
components– C1 (corresponding to hydroxycinnamic acids such as rosmarinic acid,
chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid) and C2 (corresponding to flavonoids such as quercetin, or
anthocyanins), indicating the presence of two main types of fluorophores in all analysed
samples. Variations in the ratio between these two components may indicate the impact of
treatments on different basil varieties. Taken together, exposure to sunlight in the open field
leads to increased content of bioactive compounds. Despite the presence of various disrupting
factors, outdoor cultivation remains a better approach for producing higher-quality food
The intra-Mesozoic bauxite-bearing truncations of the peri-Neotethyan realm (Dinarides/Vardar Zone): A multidisciplinary approach shedding new light on the Neocimmerian event
No full textOnce coupled with global eustatic levels, bauxites, breccias, unconformities, and hiatuses are significant markers of compressional geodynamics. Most Balkan intra-Mesozoic bauxites, embedded within widespread Triassic carbonate parental sequences, are dominantly distributed in the tectonically exhumed broader Neotethyan realm (Dinarides s.l.). The same mid-Mesozoic stratigraphic interval within the Vardar Zone contains fewer bauxites (East Vardar Zone), exposing abundant corresponding depositional truncations, with occasional nappe stacking configuration and metamorphism. This study, which initially acquired data from a large number of mid-Mesozoic unconformities, carbonate breccias, and similar age bauxites spreading across Dinarides s.l., Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia (Inner and External Dinarides, Western and East Vardar Zone), including Hellenides in Greece, has provided valuable paleogeographic and geodynamic insights. The findings of this study, combined with the available mineralogical and geochemical data, deformation, including the resulting provenances of intra-Mesozoic bauxite deposits, have led to a complex and intriguing discussion on the tectonic origin of similar age unconformities across Dinaride-Hellenide and Vardar Zone Neotethyan regions. These Dinaride-Hellenide intra-Mesozoic unconformities, carbonate breccias, and widespread bauxites are a fascinating puzzle as no study deals with the complex and controversial processes of repeated regional-scale uplifts, erosion, and bauxite formation. The ambiguity revolves around the geodynamic origin of the Jurassic ophiolites in the first place and its connection with mid-Mesozoic Cimmerian orogenic events (Neocimmerian stage). Thus, the Triassic – Jurassic(Lower Cretaceous) Inner Dinaride Ophiolite belt is particularly interesting accounting for the absence of the latest Jurassic – earliest Cretacous stratigraphic interval. Many of the bauxite ores are produced on Middle Triassic to Jurassic parental limestones, whereby the hiatus can last until the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous.
The Triassic rifting and opening of “Dinaric Tethys”, which likely caused the pre-Neocimmerian Late Triassic shoulder uplift of early passive margins, continued into the Jurassic mid-oceanic spreading. The Triassic and Jurassic-aged zircon grains in bauxites, including new data extracted from the bauxite geochemical database, corroborate a volcanic parental affinity originating from exposed Jurassic volcanic rocks. The new geochemical analysis allowed the separation of ultramafic from mafic bauxite sources, whereby acidic sources are absent or well hidden within Inner Dinarides. Bauxite deposits at the southern edge of the Inner Dinaride area show an abundance of incompatible Mn, demonstrating a significant transgressional Oxfordian eustatic high-stand episode (precipitation of Mn on top of submerged paleokarst/bauxites). This, a Red Sea-type small ocean basin with a NE-vergent suprasubduction (“Dinaric Tethys”), lasted until the end of the Jurassic (also dated by metamorphic imprints). The tectonic exhumation processes of Inner Dinaride ophiolites involving the Neocimmerian compressive event caused the widespread uplift episode in the latest Jurassic – earliest Cretaceous, occasionally lasting until the Albian (Austrian unconformity). As a result, mid-Mesozoic long-lasting hiatuses allowed intense weathering of numerous uplifted parental limestone sites, frequently producing at least two cycles of laterites and bauxite ores. The Neocimmerian episode includes the limited length (shorter cross-lithospheric across-strike width) of the latest Jurassic ophiolite obduction on top of abutting continental crust, inclusive of the onset of Lower Cretaceous Vranduk turbidites (another marker of the closing “Dinaric Tethys”)
The Dinaric Ophiolite Belt: Microstructural observations from the metamorphic sole and its tectonic importance
No full textThe Dinaric Ophiolite Belt, an integral part of Inner Dinarides located in the Western Balkans, represents a significant piece of the Tethyan Mesozoic oceanic crust recording processes of subduction related metamorphism followed by exhumation. This study presents new microstructural data of the metamorphic sole from Zlatibor Ophiolite massif, located in Western Serbia, offering insight into the tectono-thermal evolution associated with the emplacement of oceanic lithosphere onto the continental margin during the Upper Jurassic.
Field observations from amphibolites of the metamorphic sole preserve a NW-SE trending mineral and stretching lineations associated with the main transport direction during obduction. Kinematic indicators in the Zlatibor massif are less clear and may reflect a strong flattening component during emplacement.
The ophiolite, dated to Middle to Upper Jurassic, provides a temporal framework for understanding the evolution of this segment of the Peri-Tethyan realm. Amphibolites within the metamorphic sole exhibit high pressure-medium temperature conditions, reflecting the thermal gradients typical for early stages of subduction.
The metamorphic sole of the Dinaric Ophiolite Belt serves as a good example for investigating the interplay between oceanic and continental lithosphere during the Jurassic. Understanding the timing and the mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement is critical for reconstructing the geodynamic evolution of the surrounding Tethyan domains
Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33
No full textThe development of biological pesticides is rapidly becoming an integral aspect
of pest management in sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 against three common seedborne fungal
pathogens—Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. B33 strain
identity was determined using the 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequences. Commercial wheat,
barley, oat, and rye seeds were artificially infected by fungal isolates and then treated with
B33 overnight culture in Nutrient Broth. The obtained results indicate high efficacy against
F. graminearum (83.55–94.38%) and A. alternata (85.05–96.70%), whereby the highest efficacy
was noted on wheat seed and the lowest was detected on rye seed. On the other hand,
B33 achieved 100% efficacy against A. flavus on barley, rye, and oat seeds, while being
96.24% effective against this pathogen on wheat. Principal component analysis indicated
the highest treatment influence on A. flavus. The effect of all tested treatments on seed
germination was statistically significant compared to the controls, whereby the number of
germinated seeds declined as the seed infection rate increased. B. halotolerans strain B33
effectively managed seedborne fungal pathogens, thereby enhancing seed germination
Can We Turn Harmful Invasive Non-Native Fish Species into a Valuable Food Resource?
No full textThis study explores the potential of utilizing black bullhead (Ameiurus melas
Rafinesque, 1820), an invasive freshwater species, as a stocking fish for aquaculture. Fish
were mass-removed from Ponjavica Nature Park during two periods (2018–2019 and
2020–2021), with selected individuals reared to evaluate growth, survival, and meat quality.
A total of 20,145 individuals were removed in the first period (168 reared), and 15,921 in
the second (120 reared). Two rearing systems—cages and recirculating aquaculture systems
(RAS)—and four feed types were tested. Results demonstrated the species’ adaptability to
intensive aquaculture, with good growth, resilience to high-protein diets, and tolerance
to high stocking densities. Cage systems generally showed superior growth performance,
while RAS produced higher survival rates. Both systems achieved favorable feed conversion
ratios. Meat analysis revealed optimal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in
RAS and cage-reared fish, enhancing the species’ nutritional value for human consumption.
These findings demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing black bullhead as a sustainable
aquaculture resource. This dual-purpose approach addresses ecological concerns while
offering economic benefits through increased fish production and affordable, nutritious
food availability. Further technological development is needed to optimize production
systems for broader implementation
РЕЛАЦИЈЕ ТЕХНОЛОШКОГ КВАЛИТЕТА ЗА ОДРЖИВО ПОСЛОВАЊЕ ПРИВРЕДНИХ СУБЈЕКАТА
No full textThe technological level of contemporary economic entities is closely linked to global trends in new technologies. Revolutionary trends in the development of new technologies create modern and efficient economic entities and enable them to operate in the global market through various computerized structural models. An economic entity striving for success pays special attention to technological improvement as an output indicator of sustainable operations, incorporating sustainable development into its business strategy. This paper examines the validation of technological quality and the selected factors relevant to the sustainable operations of economic entities. The core idea is to identify the central value of the achieved technological level of national economic entities as a relevant factor in generating their sustainability in the market. The assumption is that the level of operations and the duration of functioning significantly impact the differences in the technological levels of national economic entities.Технолошки ниво савремених привредних субјеката уско је повезан са модерним трендовима нових технологија на глобалном нивоу. Револуционарни трендови развоја нових технологија креирају савремене и ефикасне привредне субјекте
и омогућавају им пословање на светском тржишту кроз различите информатизоване структурне моделе. Привредни субјект који стреми успеху, посебну
пажњу придаје технолошком побољшању као излазном индикатору одрживог
пословања које укључује усвајање одрживог развоја у пословну стратегију.
Предмет истраживања у овом раду је валидација технолошког квалитета и селектованих фактора релевантних за одрживо пословање привредних субјеката.
Основна идеја је проналажење централне вредности оствареног технолошког
нивоа националних привредних субјеката као релевантног фактора генерисања
њихове одрживости на тржишту. Претпоставка је да ниво пословања и дужина функционисања играју значајну улогу на разлике у технолошком нивоу националних привредних субјеката
DESIGN OF Bi2O3 PROPERTIES BY BIOPOLYMER
No full textIn the past decades, immense efforts have been made to design materials with
extraordinary adsorption and photocatalytic properties. The addition of different
stabilizing agents, such as environmentally friendly biopolymer chitosan, during
synthesis is a novel effective approach to significantly improve properties of a
material [1]. Bismuth(III) oxide is considered as an excellent candidate for water
remediation, especially for photocatalytic applications due to the suitable band gap
and high oxidation ability [2]. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence
of chitosan as a stabilizing agent on the properties of hydrothermally synthesized
Bi2O3.
For that purpose, Bi(NO3)3∙5H2O was initially dissolved in 5 mol/dm3 HNO3
solution, which was followed by the dropwise addition of 10 mol/dm3 NaOH
solution until pH was set to 12. Then, chitosan solution in diluted acetic acid was
added and the suspension was left overnight. The resulting yellow suspension was
hydrothermally treated at 120 °C for 12 h, rinsed with water and ethanol, then finally
dried at 100 °C for 1 h. For a comparison, the same synthetic procedure without
chitosan addition was applied to prepare the pristine Bi2O3. Obtained powders were
characterized by XRPD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDS methods while their adsorption
and photocatalytic properties were tested on toxic dyes, anionic Reactive Orange 16
(RO16) and cationic Ethyl Violet (EV).
Monoclinic α-Bi2O3 was obtained in the case of both samples, with negligible
differences in unit cell parameters and crystallites within the range of 50−65 nm.
The pristine Bi2O3 demonstrated low adsorption capacity towards RO16 (only 5 %
of the dye was adsorbed after 1 h in the dark), but very high photocatalytic activity
by degrading 95 % of this dye after 3 h under simulated solar light. On the other
hand, chitosan-influenced Bi2O3 exhibited an extraordinary adsorption capacity by
adsorbing 99 % of the RO16 within 15 min in the dark. However, both samples did
not show any activity towards cationic EV dye, indicating that their surface was
probably positively charged. This photocatalysis-adsorption switching revealed that
the properties of a semiconductor can be tailored by the addition of biopolymer
chitosan during hydrothermal synthesis.
[1] B. Simović, Ž. Radovanović, J. Dikić, N. Milojković, M. Gasik, G. Branković, A.
Dapčević, Ceram. Int., (2025).
[2] A.H. Zahid, Q. Han, Nanoscale, 13 (2021) 17687