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Taxon Papaver somniferum - Biological Properties and Possibilities of Application in Pharmacy
No full textPapaver somniferum is an annual plant, about 50 cm in height. The stem is hairless. The ground leaves are long-stalked, the middle leaves are short-stalked, and the upper sessile leaves enclose the stem. The flowers are large, single, white, pink or red. The fruit is a spherical capsule with many seeds. The plant blooms from June to August. Papaver somniferum is a pharmacologically active plant taxon, which produces alkaloids in secondary metabolism, so it is intensively used in pharmacy. The alkaloids are concentrated in the milky fluid (opium), which is obtained by cutting the immature pods of the plant. Opium is obtained by cutting the green pods of the opium poppy at a certain stage (the stage of opium maturity). It is a shiny, hard, resinous mass, it is dark red in color, bitter and pungent in taste, and has a specific narcotic smell. In addition to alkaloids, opium contains sugars, fatty compounds and minerals, resins and water. The main alkaloids extracted from Papaver somniferum are morphine, papaverine and codeine. Morphine has a pronounced effect on the nervous system, acts as a strong analgesic, causes behavioral changes and addiction. Papaverine causes smooth muscle relaxation and exerts spasmolytic action, while codeine acts as a depressant on the respiratory center and the cough center. The seeds of the plant species Papaver somniferum do not contain opium and are used in the food industry. The seeds and the fatty oil obtained from the seeds are used
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. honey plants-for nutrition and health
No full textPhacelia tanacetifolia Benth. is honey plants (Hydrolaceae subfamily of the Boraginaceae family). Phacelia tanacetifolia is a commercial species that beekeepers have long recognised as a favourite foraging plant for honeybees with a high potential for honey yield. Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. is a highly appealing crop because of its deep blue blossoms and potent, pleasant scent. Up to 4.5 milligrammes of nectar with a 28% sugar content can be obtained from a single bloom. It has a high potential for honey yield, between 500 and 1200 kg of phacelia honey can be produced on 1 hectare. Lightbeige to white, phacelia honey has a fine, pleasant flavor—a good, subtle lemony scent and taste. They provide pollen and nectar, phacelia have a delicious and complete flower for honey bees. A new variety of phacelia NS Priora was created at the Institute. In an experiment carried out in the dry year of 2025 in Bački Petrovac on chernozem, the NS Priora variety bloomed for 55 days and achieved a high seed yield of 600 kg/ha. The NS Priora variety is an excellent honey crop. The potential of Phacelia as bee forage is noteworthy. Phacelia honey is beneficial to our well-being
Structural alterations of fly ash-based geopolymers caused by cesium immobilization and leaching
No full textThis study investigates the effects of 2 and 5 wt.% Cs additions on the setting time, compressive strength, and structure of fly ash-based geopolymers, along with the impact of Cs leaching in deionized water, following the ANSI/ANS-16.1-2003 standard over 90 days. Structural changes were analyzed using BET/BJH, XRD, ATR-FTIR, TGA/DTG, SEM/EDS, and 29Si MAS NMR. The addition of Cs prolonged the setting time, for 33 % for 2 wt. % Cs and 61 % for 5 wt.% Cs, indicating slower condensation reactions, and promoted the formation of an Al-rich aluminosilicate gel, suggesting a higher extent of the reaction. After five days leaching, the fraction of Al-rich units was reduced, with no significant effect on compressive strength. Diffusion was the initial leaching mechanism, which transitioned to depletion at a later stage. The implementation of 29Si MAS NMR in conjunction with other analytical methodologies has enabled the elucidation of the impact of Cs on the geopolymer structure and clarifies the mechanisms behind its immobilization and structural changes during leaching. High values of leachability index (~10) and good mechanical performances of fly-ash geopolymers suggest that they are a cost-effective and sustainable solution for safely storing nuclear waste containing Cs
Economic Productivity of Linum Ussitatisimum L., Chemical Composition and Use in Medicine
No full textTherapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants: The Science Behind Natural Remedies, investigates the bioactive compounds and functionality of medicinal plants and herbs which are recommended to help certain health conditions and overall well-being while highlighting cultivation that can be done sustainably to promote biodiversity conservatio
Conservative Variant of Two-Step-Scaling Modeling of Fracture Toughness Size Effect
No full textThis study explores a conservative approach to the two-step-scaling (2SS) method developed recently to predict the fracture toughness (KJc) of ferritic steels in the ductile-brittle transition (DBT) region in the form of cumulative distribution function (CDF). The empirical 2SS method is based on using the most accurate fit of input experimental datasets, assumed to exhibit weakest link behavior. Consequently, the data driven 2SS CFD (KJc) predictions reflect the maximum likelihood behavior, given well-behaved experimental datasets. Recognizing the inherent aleatory variability (“irreducible” uncertainty) of fracture toughness in the DBT region and the need for engineering safety and preservation of structural integrity, it is crucial to provide CDF (KJc) predictions that include a pre-determined level of conservatism to ensure safe design practices. The current approach recommends reducing the Weibull shape and scale parameters by a specified factor (0 < χ ≤ 1) to ensure the CDF shifts in a conservative direction as illustrated in Figure 1
Galvanostatically deposited Co–Sn alloys on Ni mesh substrates for alkaline water splitting
No full textThe ever-growing demand for electricity, depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and
increasing environmental concerns have reinforced global efforts of reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen produced via water electrolysis powered by
renewable energy offers a promising path toward zero-emission electricity and has
potential applications beyond the energy and transport sectors. Alkaline water
electrolysis (AWE) stands out due to its scalability, maturity, and use of abundant
materials, but its commercial viability is hindered by the lack of efficient, robust and
affordable non-precious metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Our recent research demonstrated the effectiveness of electrodeposited Ni-Sn
coatings on porous Ni substrates for HER in zero-gap electrolyzers [1]. In this study,
we extend the approach to Co-Sn alloys deposited on Ni mesh (commonly used
substrate in industrial AWE systems). The Co-Sn/Ni mesh electrodes were fabricated
through galvanostatic electrodeposition from a glycine–pyrophosphate bath, with
variations in bath composition and current density in order to tune coatings’
microstructure and composition. Electrochemical characterization in 1 M KOH
confirmed good coating adhesion and stability, with no degradation at high HER
currents. The Co-Sn coatings exhibit a reduction in HER overpotential compared to
bare Ni mesh and Co-coated Ni mesh. The industrial potential of Co-Sn/Ni mesh was
evaluated in a zero-gap flow electrolyzer (30 wt.% KOH, 70 °C), where it
demonstrated a reduction in cell voltage of 200 mV (at 0.5 A cm–2) compared to a
cell assembled with bare Ni mesh, as shown in Figure 1
Monitoring of Pod Dehiscence and Non-Shedding of Soybean Varieties and Hybrid Populations in Kazakhstan
No full textSoybeans are a major global commodity. A major challenge in soybean production is premature bean cracking, which leads to seed shedding and crop loss. Consistent breeding efforts are being made to minimize seed shedding in soybeans worldwide. Soybean breeding for increased abdominal suture strength has not resulted in varieties that are guaranteed to be resistant to premature cracking. Therefore, for further study of the issue, the study of the structural features of the soybean hilum is of practical interest. The trait of fusion of the seed hilum with the pod safe seeds from shedding. The paper presents studies of a soybean collection based on cracking features and resistance to seeds shedding. The largest number of cracking forms were found in the varieties of the first four maturity groups (000, 00, 0 and I). A positive correlation was observed between the cracking and non-shedding seeds traits (r = 0.48). The trait of fusion of the seed hilum with the pod valves turned out to be dominant. Our findings suggest that this trait may be influenced by a single gene or exhibit intermediate inheritance, but further genetic analysis is needed. The average yields of the control nursery numbers with a fused seed stalk (4.36 t/ha) are lower than the average yields of numbers without this trait (4.75 t/ha
DODATNI UBRZANI TEST ZA ISPITIVANJE Ni-Sn PREVLAKA U USLOVIMA INDUSTRIJSKE PROIZVODNJE VODONIKA
No full textThe accelerated service life test (ASLT), developed by PERMASCAND and applied in a specially
designed flow cell, is presented for the first time in the literature in this work. This test involves the
application of six sequences of very high current densities, followed by zero current density, in 5.0
M NaOH at 50 oC.The test is performed on Ni-Sn coatings electrodeposited onto Ni mesh, which
serves as the substrate for catalytic coatings used by PERMASCAND.The results demonstrate that
the overpotential (η) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on several Ni-Sn samples is practically
unaffected by the test sequences, remaining approximately -180 mV at j = -1000 mA cm-2. The same test was applied to PERMASCAND’s commercial cathode, and the results were compared.
Additionally, the Ni-Sn samples were tested in a stationary electrolyte H-cell configuration using
polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Nyquist
plots recorded at four different values of η were characterized by the presence of two semi-circles,
indicating the presence of charge transfer reaction and intermediate adsorption reaction. Comparing polarization curves recorded in PERMASCAND’s test cell after the ASLT and in the stationary H-cell after the EIS measurements suggests that long-term performance should be assessed using the ASLT developed by the industry.Prvi put u literaturi prikazan je ubrzani test za ispitivanje Ni-Sn prevlaka u uslovima industrijske
proizvodnje vodonika razvijen u kompaniji PERMASCAND. Test je uradjen u specijalno dizajniranoj
aparaturi koja simulira uslove rada u hlor-alkalnoj elektrolizi i bazira se na primeni šest sekvenci.
Svaka sekvenca traje 1 sar i za to vreme se 60 puta ponavljaju j = - 3000 mA cm-2 (54 s) i j = 0 mA cm-2(6 s). Kao elektrolit koristi se 0.5 M NaOH zagrejan na 50 oC. Testirane elektrode su bile
prevlake od Ni-Sn legure istaložene na Ni mrežici koja se koristi kao osnova za nanošenje
komercijalnih prevlaka u kompaniji PERMASCAND. Pokazano je da je prenapetost korigovana za
omski pad napona (ηcorr) na svim testiranim elektrodama bila praktično nezavisna od broja sekvence (ηcorr≈ -180 mV pri j = -1000mA cm-2). Test je primenjen i na komercijalne PERMASCAND katode i rezultati su uporedjeni, pri čemu su Ni-Sn katode imale znatno bolje karakteristike u prvoj sekvenci, dok su u preostalim sekvencama komercijalne katode posedovale manju prenapetost za 30 - 40 mV. Ni-Sn katode su ispitivane i u stacionarnom elektrolitu (H – ćelija) merenjem polarizacionih krivih i impedansom. Nyquist-ovi dijagrami su bili okarakterisani prisustvom dva polukruga, ukazujući na prisustvo reakcije razmene naelektrisanja i adsorpcije intermedijara (Hads). Polarizacione krive registrovane u PERMASCAND-ovoj test ćeliji nakon završenog testa i u H – ćeliji su uporedjene i potvrdjeno je da se tzv. “dugovremenski test” mora raditi pod uslovima koji su definisani od strane industrijskih razvojnih instituta
Interclonal Variation in Heavy Metal Accumulation Among Poplar and Willow Clones: Implications for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Landfill Soils
No full textIn this study, five poplar clones (Populus deltoides cl. PE19/66, cl. S1-8, cl. 135/81,
and Populus × euramericana cl. I-214, cl. Pannonia) and two white willow clones (Salix
alba cl. 380, cl. 107/65-9) were tested in pot trials. The aim was to evaluate their potential
for phytoextraction of nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in three
substrates, two based on soil from landfills near Belgrade and Novi Sad, and one control
treatment based on nursery soil. The shoot content of all analyzed heavy metals was the
highest in the BG substrate with the highest content of heavy metals and the lowest in the
control substrate. White willow clone 107/65-9 achieved the highest accumulation of Cd,
Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb and along with another willow clone 380 is found to act as generalists.
Poplar clones performed more as specialists: I-214 and Pannonia for copper, PE 19/66 for
manganese and S1-8 for nickel and zinc. Considerable differences among examined clones
in heavy metal accumulation and reaction to substrates should be taken into consideration
in further pot and field trials as well as in phytoremediation projects on landfills
Degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin by UV-induced ferric ion photolysis in aqueous medium: the role of pH and chelation
No full textThe increased use of fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin (LVX) contributes to its significant presence as a pollutant in water and soil environments and the consequent need for developing efficient water processing methods for its degradation and removal. The understanding of coordination and photo-chemistry of LVX in the presence of ferric ions enables potential improvements of iron-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment. Herein, the pH-dependence of LVX chelation with ferric ions was investigated by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 2, pH 5, and pH 7. The results obtained for examined pHs showed pH 5 as optimal for forming LVX-Fe3+ complex. The formation of LVX-Fe3+ complex makes coordinated LVX more susceptible to oxidation. Photosensitivity of LVX and LVX/Fe3+ system to UV irradiation was examined at acidic pHs, using UV–Vis spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. In acidic aqueous solutions, LVX remains unchanged after UV irradiation, while the presence of ferric ions promotes its UV-induced photodegradation. The investigated UV/Fe(III)-based AOP for degradation of LVX showed the best performance at pH 5 in the presence of Fe3+ ions in excess due to LVX-Fe3+ complex formation and sufficient amount of Fe3+–OH− species available for photolysis and production of OH• radical