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Lost in concrete: reimagining Kenya’s urban green space legislation
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectIn Nairobi, a peculiar observation can be made of residents who, seeking relaxation, sit on the grass alongside major roads such as Langata or Ngong, highlighting the lack of accessible open and green spaces. Despite the multiple environmental, social and economic benefits these spaces provide, they face significant challenges and are often lost to development. The World Health Organisation highlights the importance of green space per city dweller. Currently, green spaces in Nairobi cover an area of 2363 hectares, falling short of the WHO standard of 9m2 per person. Land grabbing, rapid urbanisation, lack of cooperation between NGOs and government, conversion, over-lapping mandates between county and national governments, weak enforcement of existing environmental laws and the lack of a comprehensive law on urban green spaces have led to the degeneration and loss of these spaces. The constitution in Article 42 enshrines the right to a clean and healthy environment. This includes the right to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations through legislative and other measures. However, the governance of green spaces, remains wanting as Kenya does not have a comprehensive law on urban recreational green spaces. The lack of a clear legal framework for the use and governance of green spaces is therefore an infringement of the rights of citizens. Not only are there immediate consequences on the realisation of the right to clean and healthy environment, there is also a threat to the sustainability of these spaces for future generations. This study is a doctrinal legal study grounded in the right to the city theory. This research draws insight from Singapore’s urban greening experience. Through its analysis of Singapore’s legal, policy and institutional framework, it identifies actionable recommendations for Kenya. By examining the role of law in the preservation and development of green spaces in urban centres, this study recommends legislative reforms to ensure equitable access to these areas. This study contributes to the discourse on urban environmental governance, making proposals in order to secure environmental rights for current and future generations
The Impact of integrated marketing communication strategies on customer loyalty: a case of Diamond Trust bank, Nairobi City County- Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study investigated the impact of integrated marketing communication (IMC) strategies on customer loyalty at Diamond Trust Bank (DTB) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The general objective of the study was to establish the impact of an integrated marketing communication strategy on customer loyalty at DTB in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study was to dete1mine how various IMC components, including advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing, influence customer loyalty, anchored by the Relationship Marketing theory and supported by the Resource Advantage Theory. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The unit of analysis was DTB customers across various segments. The study adopted primary data which was collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale. The target population was 400 DTB customers and was drawn using Slavin's formula and purposive sampling technique, out of which 364 respondents responded. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics, utilizing tools such as SPSS. The results indicated that all IMC strategies positively influence customer loyalty, with direct marketing having the most significant impact W = 0.243, p = 0.006). Personal selling (~= 0.197, p = 0.014) and advertising W = 0.203, p = 0.016) also showed significant contributions. Public relations and sales promotion had a relatively lower influence but remained crucial components. The findings emphasize the importance of consistent, engaging, and personalized communication in fostering customer loyalty. This research is significant as it offers actionable insights to policymakers in financial institutions to enhance customer retention through strategic IMC practices. Additionally, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the role of IMC in fostering customer loyalty, providing a basis for further academic exploration and to marketing practitioners providing insights on how banks can design IMC strategies that are relevant and effective in enhancing customer loyalty
Faith-based social enterprises run by Catholic Sisters : what policies can support them to grow in Kenya?
No full textDr. William Murithi, Dr. Angela Ndunge, and Dr. Nancy Njiraini are faculty members at Strathmore Business School. Dr. Murithi specialises in entrepreneurship, strategy, and family business. Dr. Ndunge focuses on organisational behaviour, leadership, and workplace wellbeing. Dr. Njiraini is an expert in adult education, marketing, and social research. The authors combine academic, research, and consultancy experience to inform evidence-based policy and sustainable development.Social enterprises have increased due to their ability to tackle societal challenges while remaining sustainable. A paradigm shift is witnessed among faith-based organisations that are transforming their approach to addressing global challenges by adopting social business models. This has led to the push for not only spiritual and social missions but also the economic viability of their organisations, creating faith-based social enterprises. Despite their prevalence, faith-based social enterprises (FBSEs) have not been recognised for their work while limited research and policy support are provided. Therefore, this study draws on the research conducted on the faith-based enterprises run by Catholic sisters to propose policies that can support their growth. With more institutional recognition and support, these organisations can not only help the government to deliver key services such as health, education, food security, housing or poverty alleviation, but also contribute to sustainable development globally.
The primary aim of the study was to examine policies that can be used to support FBSEs run by Catholic sisters to grow in Kenya. The study is inspired by the Sister Blended Value Project (SBVP), which is a collaborative effort between Strathmore University and Association of Consecrated Women in Central and Eastern Africa (ACWECA) that supports the transformation of social ministries into sustainable social enterprises supported by funding from Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. The study draws on case studies that were purposely selected from the SBVP participants to understand their challenges and how this impacted their growth.
The participants in this study were: The sisters of Holy Angels, The Immaculate Heart of Mary, The Missionary Sisters of Annunciation, The Missionary Benedictine Sisters, and The Immaculate Heart Sisters of Africa.
The study recommends an expanded engagement with supporting organizations such as international NGOs, foundations, foreign missions and government to draw on their experiences and best practices to enhance the support provided to FBSEs.This study was supported by Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, the Sisters Blended Value Project (SBVP), the Association of Consecrated Women in Central and Eastern Africa (ACWECA), and Strathmore University Business School (SBS) is gratefully acknowledged
Public voices matter - an analysis of public participation and the role of legislators in Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThe Constitution of Kenya 2010 mandates that public participation is facilitated by the legislators in Kenya, yet the effort put into public participation is minimal to none. Notwithstanding the fact that these legislators have a history of treating public participation as a formality. Kenya is a democratic state, and the people are sovereign and being that as it is, they have a right to participate in matters concerning them. With the promulgation of the 2010 Constitution in Kenya, the expectations were that there would be active public participation and a culture of justification, since the 2010 Constitution brought the aspect of transformative constitutionalism to Kenya. Courts have also emphasized that the test to be used is that of reasonability where the citizens are given a reasonable opportunity to participate in matters governing them. However, the legislators are yet to show efforts they have taken to make public participation significant in Kenya or meet this threshold of reasonability. This study investigates whether the Constitution of Kenya requires the legislators to materially take into account the information received during public participation when legislating. Doctrinal research was used to conduct this study through an analysis of constitutional ideas, scholarly work and cases. The legislators in Kenya, barely give public participation the urgency and importance it needs. Therefore, there is need for reasons to be given for the rejection or acceptance of public opinions, there is need for inclusion of citizens who are directly affected by the proposed legislation in the process, there needs to be sufficient advertisement of an ongoing public participation process and lastly, the citizens need to be accorded a reasonable opportunity to participate in the process
The Effects of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity in Kiambu, Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisAgriculture is the dominant sector in Kiambu County, significantly contributing to the local economy and providing livelihoods to the community. Financial inclusion refers to the accessibility of quality financial services at a reasonable cost, is recognized as a powerful force that can boost agricultural productivity. Despite its potential benefits, the agricultural sector faces a significant gap in access to financial services, that is accounts, credit, savings, and agricultural insurance. While empirical studies have provided insights that illustrated the positive effect of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity, there is limited evidence of a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple financial inclusion indicators along with socio-demographic factors such as gender and education. This research utilized financial intermediation theory and endogenous growth theory to understand the phenomenon. The financial intermediation theory emphasized the role of financial intermediaries and explained why farmers are financially excluded, while the endogenous growth theory highlighted the importance of internal factors such as knowledge, innovation, and human capital in driving economic growth. The study aimed to establish the relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural productivity at the household level by analyzing financial inclusion indicators while considering socio-demographic factors, gender, and education with fertilizer consumption included to isolate the specific effect of financial inclusion on productivity. Using descriptive and correlational research design, primary data was collected from 100 households in Kiambu through a one-year household survey. The multivariate Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model revealed that financial access and utilization—specifically bank accounts and credit—and socio-demographic factors, gender and education are crucial in determining agricultural productivity. Other variables, including mobile accounts, agricultural savings, insurance, mode of payment, and fertilizer type, did not show statistically significant effects. The study contributed to empirical literature by providing a context-specific analysis of financial inclusion's effect on agricultural productivity in Kiambu. The findings are useful for policymakers and financial institutions as they highlighted the need for tailored interventions to address the financial inclusion gap thereby enhancing the farmers’ economic well-being. The study's limitations included a small sample size and the exclusion of factors like market access and climate conditions, which may affect agricultural productivity
A Comparative study assessing the need for a legal framework governing cohabitation in Kenya in light of New Zealand’s experience
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectCohabitation is a vastly adopted phenomenon in the 21st Century gaining traction as an alternative to marriage deserving of sui generis protection due to its unique trait positing a great deal for care and recognition of such parties in law. However, there has been little emphasis on how Kenyan law conceives cohabitation as a union concerning legal rights such as the division of property acquired among cohabitees upon separation, an attribute addressed by the Supreme Court of Kenya in the case of Mary Nyambura Kang’ara v Paul Ogari Mayaka. The legal framework governing cohabitation in Kenya is premised on the doctrine of the presumption of marriage and relies heavily on judicial precedents. However, what is of great essence to this research is that Kenyan courts' reliance on judicial precedents and the common law principle alone doesn't provide the required clarity and certainty on how to go about certain aspects of a union in cohabitation, such as property division, maintenance, and inheritance. This study aims to assess the feasibility of Kenyan courts applying a well-drafted comprehensive legal framework governing cohabitation for clarity. This study will apply doctrinal research in assessing the extent of the law in recognizing cohabitation as a union in Kenya and legal rights and remedies conferred to cohabitees by analysing scholarly works, case law, statutes, and regulations to prescribe its current legal and regulatory framework in Kenya. Furthermore, it recognises best practices in its comparative analysis between New Zealand and Kenya underlying the essence of having a well-drafted comprehensive legal framework governing cohabitation for the Court’s interpretation when deciding such disputes. Based on the findings, this study will make recommendations to address the due technicalities that arise during the division of jointly acquired property among cohabitees upon their separation. This provides the lawmakers with insights to advance legal clarity on this matter to address the due technicalities that arise when safeguarding rights and remedies among cohabitees during the union and upon their separation
Effect of mobile marketing strategies on consumer purchase decisions of online food delivery service customers in Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study investigated the effect of mobile marketing strategies on consumer purchase behavior within Kenya's online food delivery sector. The research focused on four primary strategies: push notifications, loyalty programs, real-time tracking, and user-generated content. These strategies were analyzed to understand their influence on consumer decision-making, trust, satisfaction, and purchase behavior. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the role of mobile marketing in shaping consumer behavior. A descriptive research design was employed, and data was collected from a sample of 395 respondents using structured surveys. The findings revealed that push notifications significantly enhanced consumer engagement (r = 0.68), particularly when they were timely, personalized, and context11ally relevant. Loyalty programs were found to be effective in promoting customer retention, with 58% of respondents indicating membership in at least one loyalty program, and a correlation of r = 0.59 between loyalty program usage and repeat purchases. Real-time tracking was observed to have a strong positive impact on customer trust (r = 0.72), with respondents reporting that order transparency and tracking features boosted their confidence in service reliability. User-generated content (UGC), especially positive reviews, played a crucial role in driving purchase decisions, with an r = 0.75 correlation between positive reviews and consumer purchase behavior. Conversely, negative reviews had a notable impact on trust, with 61% of respondents indicating that negative reviews deterred them from using certain services. Based on these findings, the study concluded that mobile marketing strategies are pivotal m influencing consumer purchase decisions in Kenya's online food delivery industry. Key recommendations included the personalization of push notifications, simplifying loyalty program reward structures, enhancing real-time tracking interfaces, and encouraging satisfied customers to share positive reviews. The study's conclusions highlighted the necessity for online food delivery platforms to refine their marketing approaches to foster trust, improve engagement, and drive customer satisfaction. Future research should explore the long-term impact of these strategies on consumer loyalty and examine the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and chatbots in enhancing mobile marketing
Adverse possession in Kenya: is the doctrine in need of legal reform?
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectAdverse possession is a legal doctrine that allows individuals to acquire land ownership after twelve years of continuous and uninterrupted possession, even without the consent of the registered titleholder. While this principle ensures land is utilized efficiently, it has raised concerns about its constitutionality, particularly in modern land registration systems that emphasize the absoluteness of title. This raises concerns about whether adverse possession weakens property rights, legal certainty, and economic stability, especially in jurisdictions like Kenya, where the framework lacks key protections. Using the doctrinal legal research methodology, this study examines the significance of secure land titles in safeguarding property rights and its broader impact on legal stability, economic development, and social order. It also evaluates how Kenya’s adverse possession regime affects private property rights and compares it to the structured approach adopted in the United Kingdom. Unlike Kenya, where adverse possession can occur without the owner’s knowledge, the UK has introduced safeguards such as mandatory notification, land inspections, an extended objection period, public awareness initiatives, and digital integration in land registration. These measures ensure that adverse possession claims do not result in sudden and unfair dispossession. By analyzing contemporary best practices in the UK, this study highlights the need for legal reforms in Kenya to enhance transparency and fairness in adverse possession cases. Implementing notification systems, verification processes, and public education initiatives would help protect property owners while maintaining the principle that land should not remain idle indefinitely. Strengthening Kenya’s legal framework in this area would create a more balanced system that upholds both land security and responsible land use
Effect of social media marketing strategies on the brand equity of private hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisA powerful brand is one of the most crucial assets for any firm that aspires to achieve sustainable growth in the current market, which is characterized by greater levels of competition and integration. Not only is this the case in the sector of fast-moving consumer goods, but it is also the case in the industry of services, where the intangible attributes of products are prevalent and difficult for customers to conceptualize. The topic of investing in brand equity is an important one for every marketer to consider. At the other end of the spectrum, social media is a web-based service platform that enables users to build profiles that are either fully or partially public. Users are able to speak with a list of other users who have connections and perspectives that are comparable to their own within the same system by using these profiles. As a result of the proliferation of social media, a new digital realm and grid linkages have been established. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact that social media marketing techniques have on the brand equity of private hospitals located in Nairobi County using the data collected. The explicit goals of this study were to determine the impact that social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and LinkedIn have on the brand equity of hospitals. The theoretical frameworks of Social Media Engagement Theory and Customer-Based Brand Equity Model served as the foundation for the Thesis. The researcher encountered some limitations which include; some respondents not willing to fill the questionnaire on time and lack of cooperation. The relationship between the independent and dependent variable was demonstrated through the use of a conceptual framework. There are twenty private hospitals located in Nairobi County, according to the Ministry of Health Report 2023, which specifies that the target population consisted of these facilities. The target population was twenty hospitals where three managers and three assistant managers were selected which totalled to 120. With regard to the investigation, the census sample method was utilized. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. Information was gathered through the use of questionnaires. SPSS, which included both descriptive and inferential statistics, was used to perform the analysis on the data that was obtained. To identify the nature of the relationship that exists between the independent variables and the dependent variable, a multivariate regression analysis was carried out. Information has been presented in the form of graphs, tables, and charts to illustrate the findings. The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between all the independent and dependent variables which was shown by regression analysis. The study also revealed that there is a positive correlation between Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and LinkedIn and brand equity in private hospitals in Nairobi county. The study concluded that adequate social media marketing strategies is necessary when promoting brand equity in private hospitals. The study recommendations were as follows; Private hospitals in Nairobi should invest in comprehensive social media marketing strategies that go beyond mere presence on social platforms. This entails creating engaging and relevant content, leveraging user-generated content, fostering meaningful interactions with followers, and monitoring and responding to customer feedback effectively
Navigating the digital divide: balancing the right to be forgotten and freedom of the media in Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research project“This research explores the relationship between the right to be forgotten and media freedoms in the Kenyan context, aiming to clarify ambiguities surrounding the interpretation of "irrelevant" and "excessive" information and develop a practical framework to reconcile these competing interests. The study evaluates the legal, institutional, and ethical dimensions influencing the right to be forgotten and media practices, offering actionable recommendations for their harmonization. The project examines Kenya's constitutional provisions on privacy and media freedom, the Data Protection Act (2019), and subsidiary regulations, alongside comparative insights from global and regional frameworks like the GDPR. It includes a review of ethical theories and case law to contextualize the right to be forgotten in Kenya's legal and social landscape. Employing a doctrinal research methodology, the study utilizes primary sources such as statutes, judicial decisions, and secondary sources like peer-reviewed journals and expert analyses. Ethical frameworks, including Bentham's Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics, are applied to assess the implications of privacy violations and media responsibilities. The study finds that this right suffers from limited definitions and unclear applications, particularly concerning "irrelevant" and "excessive" information. The current legal framework inadequately addresses the intersection of public interest and individual privacy, especially for public figures. Key recommendations include adopting the Three Principle Filtering Test to evaluate erasure requests, balancing public access to information with privacy rights, and refining statutory language to guide both media practitioners and legal adjudicator