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Green urban development in Belgrade
No full textMost Europeans live in an urban environment, and the green future of cities is one of the most important issues for scientists and policy makers across the continent. Serbia is an EU candidate country in the process of incorporating EU legislation into national law, and environmental policy is an important part of this process. Belgrade, the dominant urban region in Serbia and its capital, should be a role model. A green future is recognized by city authorities as an important goal of urban planning and design. Moreover, the growing environmental awareness of citizens makes it necessary to create a more sustainable and livable city. In this article, we analyse the green development of the city of Belgrade, detect announcements and plans, and follow their implementation. We also raise some questions about the green urbanism in Belgrade. In recent years, construction activity in the housing sector has increased, although planning is often fragmented and guided by the profit-seeking interests of real estate investors. We ask for whom the green development is intended - is it part of sustainable development and does it improve the quality of life for city residents, or is it a mean to attract investment and increase investor profits
City Space as a Democratic Space? The Case of the Pride Parade in Sarajevo and Belgrade
Get PDFParticipatory democratic practices happen as a part of everyday life as the problem of power does not primarily concern sovereignty but our bodies, our existence, our everyday life (Foucault 2012, 167). Therefore, participatory democratic practices must also be spatial, and the rethinking of democratic connections must consider spatial thinking in terms of physical public space as "empty" and open (Hoskyns 2014). On the other side, public spaces are appropriated materially and symbolically (Bourdieu 1991), what leads to the inevitable hierarchization of public spaces, thus giving legitimacy to the exclusion of certain groups. Democratic transition in Eastern and Central Europe, therefore, includes the question of public spaces in urban areas, which directly affect and reflect both architectural and political issues. The tension between the demands of democracy and reality reflects the willingness to include everyone in democratic processes. The Pride Parade insists on the civic model through visibility and activism, and it seems to become more problematic the more democracy is degraded. B&H and Serbia have shown significantly different stages of development since 1992. How this is reflected in the attitudes and practices towards the use of space for expressing resistance and visibility will be shown in the example of the Pride Parade in Belgrade and Sarajevo from the period of the first parades. Public urban space is a place where people of different social and economic classes necessarily meet and confront (Harvey 2006). Collective history is inscribed in public space (Läpple 1991, Klamt 2012), which has significant social effects on the very practices of use
Assessing Urban Resilience with Geodesign: A Case Study of Urban Landscape Planning in Belgrade, Serbia
Get PDFResilient cities have emerged as novel urban ecosystems that respond to the increasing
challenges of contemporary urban development. A new methodological approach is needed to
measure and assess the degree of resilience of the urban landscape during the ongoing planning
process, considering different planning and design scenarios. Based on this consideration, the first
attempt of this study was to develop a resilience index that summarizes the application of resilience
theory in urban landscape planning. Is geodesign an appropriate tool to assess urban resilience? This
was the main research question and the topic of the workshop ”IGC—Resilient City of Belgrade” at
the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade (Master Landscape Studio). The main result of this
research is a model for urban resilience assessment with IGC geodesign, which allows to measure
scenario changes through developed resilience indicators (index), which are determined by a set of
parameters (area, redundancy, diversity, porosity, carbon sequestration, edge type, edge length, etc.).
The methodological approach allows quantifying the impact of adopted innovations in geodesign
scenario proposals, which plays a crucial role in strengthening the connection between landscape
planning and design. In the context of the novel urban ecosystem, future urban landscape planning
should focus on resilience as a measure to achieve sustainable development goals, supported by
geodesign as a collaborative and spatially explicit negotiation tool
Contribution to the study of climate change in Serbia using continentality, oceanity, and aridity indices
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to present some specific climatic conditions on the territory of the Republic of Serbia based on the analysis of four climate indices, which can help in understanding contemporary climate changes. Temperature and precipitation data from 31 meteorological stations for the period 1951–2010 were used. The relative homogeneity of the data series was done using the MASH v3.02 method. The indices used are: Johansson Continentality Index, Kerner Oceanity Index, De Martonne Aridity Index, and Pinna Combinative Index. Geospatial analysis of the distribution of the values of the four mentioned indices was done using the QGIS package 2.8.1. The results of the research show that the continentality effect is present in most of Serbia, while oceanity is observed locally, mainly in the western and southwestern parts of the country. The further analysis showed that there is no dry and semi–dry Mediterranean climate in Serbia. Considering that it is dry in the warmest part of the year (July–September), when the need for water is increased, which is clearly shown by the Walter climate diagram, as well as the fact that an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation during the vegetation period were observed in the second 30–year period (1981–2010), it can be concluded that in Serbia there is a tendency towards arid climate. The results presented in this paper can help decision makers to plan certain climate change adaptation measures
Territory of Serbia as Indicator of Transboundary and Domestic Waters of Southeastern Europe
Get PDFWater is an essential determinant of natural, social and landscape characteristics. It generates opportunities and limitations, chances and threats, negative and positive phenomena and processes including environmental, economic, political, social as well technical aspects. Problems relating to water security, water protection, equitable access to water as well as upstream and downstream interests are increasingly present from micro to macro level. Such trends are recognized in Southeastern Europe, with regional and local specificities conditioned by natural, social, geopolitical and other characteristics. Although relatively rich in water resources, the region shows a high degree of sensitivity and vulnerability. The causes are numerous, and most often they are recognized in the unfavorable natural regime of waters, poor ecological status, geopolitical and interest driven fragmentation of space, climate changes, and lack of development of water management infrastructure. Unfortunately, floods (May-June) and droughts (July-August) are almost regular seasonal occurrences in Serbia, often with catastrophic consequences. Floods are frequent, from overflowing rivers with predominantly transboundary waters (Tamiš – 2005, Danube 2006 and 2013) as well as domestic ones (Velika Morava – 2005, Nišava, Vlasina and Jablanica – 2007, Zapadna
Morava and Veliki Rzav – 2009, Timok – 2010 etc.). The floods in 2014 were particularly disastrous, with estimated economic damage of 1.7 billion euros, and also in 2023. Floods, as a rule, cause landslides that threaten population, settlements, infrastructure, agricultural areas and crops. Droughts are a frequent phenomenon during summers (2000, 2003, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2021, 2022), causing serious disruption of agricultural and manufacturing industries, drinking water supply, energy and, in extreme cases, inland waterway transportion system. As for Serbia, the state and assessment of water resources are a basic segment of quality and capacity of environment, but also the perspective of existence and overall development of society. The territory of Serbia offers a good field for research of trends of change in the quality and quantity of transboundery and domestic waters in Southeast Europe
Održiva komunalna preduzeća - izazov savremenog grada (primer gradskog naselja Beograd, Srbija)
Get PDFPredmet istraživanja rada su delatnosti komunalnih preduzeća i pravci savremenih razvoja i transformacija u održive sisteme u GN Beograd. Kontekst problema upravljanja komunalnim preduzećima i komunalnom higijenom savremenog grada, zahteva moderne pravce razvoja i pretvaranje komunalnih preduzeća u održive sisteme od kojih će Osnivač imati stalne izvore prihoda. Zadatak istraživanja je prikazati savremene trendove sa osvrtom na konkretne primere u GN Beograd na koji način se uspostavlja sistem održivih komunalnih preduzeća. U radu su analizirana komunalna preduzeća koja posluju u GN Beograd, planska i strateška dokumentacija, interna dokumenta preduzeća i Grada, relevantna literatura i godišnji izveštaji. Metodološki rad je koncipiran kao kombinovanje dugogodišnjeg terenskog istraživanja, zatim analize kompleksne dokumentacije uz korišćenje statističkog metoda, analize i sinteze, metode klasifikacije i teledetekcione metode. Cilj istraživanja je prikaz mogućih načina transformacije postojećih komunalnih preduzeća i sublimirati pozitivne i negativne strane trenutnog načina upravljanja komunalnim preduzećima. Rezultate istraživanja moguće je iskoristiti za formiranja integralnog sistema upravljanja komunalnim preduzećima i komunalnom higijenom. U zaključku je dat prikaz osnovnih pravaca razvoja komunalnih preduzeća i redefinisanje pojedinih segmenata upravljanja.The subject of this research are the activities of utility companies and directions of modern development and transformation into sustainable systems in the urban settlement (hereinafter US) of Belgrade. The context of management problems of utility companies and communal hygiene of the modern city require modern directions of development and transformation of utility companies into sustainable systems, from which the Founder will have constant sources of income. One of the research tasks is to show contemporary trends with reference to concrete examples in US Belgrade, in which way a system of sustainable utility companies is established. The reaserch paper analyzes utility companies that operate in US Belgrade, planning and strategic documentation, internal documents of the companies and the City, as well as relevant literature and annual reports. The methodological work was conceived as a combination of many years of field research, then analysis of complex documentation with the use of statistical method, analysis and synthesis, classification and remote sensing methods. The aim of the research is to show the possible ways of transformation of the existing utility companies and to sublimate the positive and negative sides of the current way of managing utility companies. The results of the research can be used to form an integral management system for utility companies and communal hygiene. Conclusion of this paper provides an overview of the basic directions for development of utility companies and redefinition of certain segments of management
Long-Term Assessment of Bioclimatic Conditions at Micro and Local Scales in the Cities of the Western Part of the Balkan Peninsula during the 21st Century
Get PDFThermal comfort assessments at local or micro-scales within urban areas can provide crucial insights for the urban adaptation strategies pertaining to climate-conscious urban planning and public health. However, the availability of long-term or mid-term daily or hourly meteorological data sets from urban environments remains a significant challenge even in the 21st century. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the thermal conditions in cities across the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, encompassing five countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro), by utilizing the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. Meteorological data sets, comprising air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and cloudiness, were collected from 32 national meteorological stations/measurement locations spanning the period from 2001 to 2020. The PET calculations were conducted based on meteorological data measured three times per day (7 a.m., 2 p.m., and 9 p.m.). Upon conducting a spatial analysis of the meteorological stations, it was observed that most of them (25 stations) were situated within built-up areas or urban suburbs, rendering them highly relevant for local or micro-scale climate and bioclimate assessments. The findings revealed that urban locations exhibited slightly higher PET heat stress levels, particularly during the summer season and at 2 p.m. Moreover, higher average PET values were observed in both urban and non-urban stations situated within a continental climate during warmer periods, such as summer. In contrast, during the colder seasons, namely winter and spring, higher PET values were prevalent in the Mediterranean region. Furthermore, the PET frequency analysis revealed a greater prevalence of extreme and severe heat stress levels in stations within continental climates, particularly those located in urban areas, as compared to stations in Mediterranean climates. In contrast, during the winter and spring seasons, monitoring stations in close proximity to the Adriatic Sea, characterized by a Mediterranean climate, exhibited significantly lower levels of cold stress compared to inland stations. Evidently, in addition to the climatic characteristics and surrounding terrain, the urban morphology significantly impacts the thermal conditions within cities
Značaj Dževonsovog paradoksa i povratnog efekta u saobraćaju
Get PDFDževonsov paradoks, poznati princip u ekonomiji životne sredine, odnosi se na podizanje energetske efi kasnosti proisteklo iz tehnološkog napretka koje za posledicu ima povećanje (umesto smanjenja) potrošnje energije. Razlozi za ovakve krajnje efekte su, prvenstveno, ekonomske prirode. Potpuno razumevanje ove veze leži u osnovi koncepta održivog razvoja s obzirom da Dževonsov paradoks, ukoliko se ne koriguje određenim politikama zaštite životne sredine, može izazvati dugoročne posledice po iscrpljivanje neobnovljivih energetskih potencijala i izmenu globalne klime. U ovom kontekstu od posebnog interesa je analiza njegove uloge i značaja u oblasti saobraćaja, naročito drumskog. Kroz istoriju, u pokušaju da se smanji potrošnja energije (kao i drugi negativni ekološki efekti) u saobraćaju akcenat je često bio na implementaciji novih saobraćajnih tehnologija i/ili poboljšanju već postojećih. U pitanju su mere kojima se poboljšava efi kasnost samih vozila i goriva. Međutim, ovakvi pokušaji da se unapređenjem energetske efi kasnosti smanji ukupna potrošnja energije u saobraćaju su imali ograničen domet. Ostvarene uštede često su vodile ka većoj tražnji za saobraćajem i većem broju pređenih kilometara. Stoga, fokus treba usmeriti na instrumente koje sa baziraju na podsticajima (i koji podižu cenu), prvenstveno na različite vrste poreza na posedovanje i (posebno) korišćenje automobila.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
D4.2: Regional Mapping Report on Green Transition
Get PDFThis report aims to give findings from comparative research on Green Transition processes through developed policies, engaged actors, and implemented practices and initiatives, identified on the territories of five Western Balkan countries (AL, BA, ME, MK, RS). It builds upon 5 datasets, which serve as indications for the prospective results of the green transition as well as the immediate and long-term effects that society can anticipate. The mapping report's specific goal is to highlight the elements of the Western Balkans’ Green Agenda that are more embedded in the current national policy frameworks and those that require additional support in reaching the 2030 GT targets
Динамика броја становника Источне Србије од половине 20. до почетка 21.в ека
No full textDespite considerable natural resources and a favourable geographical location, all indicators of population trends show declining tendencies, which were indicated much earlier than they were recognized as a demographic problem. The aim of the article is to explore the dynamics and intensity of population change in Eastern Serbia, but without analytical approaches to the components of population dynamics. The chosen temporal and spatial coverage of the research is in accordance with the methodological approach, which provides for the application of the comparative-statistical method to as many spatial units as possible, in order to determine the spatial dispersion of the indicators of population growth. The data sources in this research are censuses, and the presented indicators of population growth were derived according to the methodology of demographic research. The obtained results show a weak increase in the population of Eastern Serbia from 1948 to 1961, since then the values of the growth indicators stagnate for a short time and then decrease continuously. In the whole observation period from 1948-2011, the growth index shows a 21% decrease in the population of Eastern Serbia. The average annual growth rates of the population in Eastern Serbia were lower than the average annual growth rates of the total population of Central Serbia in all intermediate census periods until 2011, and this difference is even more pronounced if the city of Niš is excluded from the total population of Eastern Serbia. Although the dynamics of population growth in Eastern Serbia in the period 1948-2011 is characterized by linearity (either in the form of increase or decrease), it is striking that not all parts of the country participate equally. Only 4 municipalities and the city of Niš recorded an increase in population, while in the other 20 municipalities the population decreased. In 10 municipalities depopulation was already recorded in 1953-1961.Упркос значајним природним ресурсима и повољном географском по- ложају сви показатељи пораста становништва показују опадајуће трендове који су наговештени знатно раније него што су евидентирани као демографски проблем. За- то је циљ овог рада је усмерен на истраживање динамике и интензитета промена бро- ја становника Источне Србија, без аналитичких приступа компонентама популацио- не динамике. Одабрани временски и просторни обухват истраживања задовољавају методолошки приступ који подразумева коришћење упоредно-статистичког метода на што већем броју просторних јединица како би се установиле детаљне специфич- ности просторне диверзификације показатеља раста становништва. Изворе података чини пописана статистика, приказани показатељи пораста становништва су изведе- ни у складу са методологијом демографских истраживања. Добијени резултати пока- зују слаб пораст становништва Источне Србије од 1948. до 1961. године, од када су вредности показатеља раста у краћој стагнацији, а потом у континуираном опадању. У укупном периоду посматрања 1948-2011. године индекс раста показује пад станов- ништва Источне Србије од 21%. Стопа просечног годишњег раста становништва Источне Србије је у свим међупописним периодима до 2011. године била нижа у од- носу на стопу просечног годишњег раста укупног становништва Централне Србије, при чему је ова разлика још израженија када се из укупног становништва Источне Србије изузме Град Ниш. Иако динамику промене броја становника Источне Србије у периоду 1948-2011. године карактерише линеарност (било у смислу пораста или опадања становништва), примећујемо да у њој нису равномерно партиципирали сви њени делови јер су само 4 општине и Град Ниш повећали број становника, док је у осталих 20 општина забележено опадање становништва, при чему је у 10 општина депопулација забележена већ у периоду 1953-1961. године