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Konceptualizacija ekoloških izbeglica
Get PDFThe term 'environmental refugees' include migrants forced to leave their place of residence, temporarily or permanently, as a result of environmental degradation. In order to create an appropriate framework for environmental refugees, typology must be first determined. It would comprise different conditions, as well as a combination of interactive and cumulative effects which make many areas on the planet being unproductive and unsuitable for life. This paper will give an overview of the attempts and problems related to finding an appropriate definition of environmental refugee. These challenges, which the international community needed to address, could finally lead to the recognition of environmental refugees in the legal system.Pod pojmom 'ekološke izbeglice' se podrazumevaju lica prisiljena da napuste mesto boravka, privremeno ili trajno, usled promena nastalih u životnoj sredini. Da bi se stvorio odgovarajući okvir za ljude koji bi pripadali grupi ekoloških izbeglica, mora se prvo odrediti tipologija koja bi ne samo pod svoje okrilje stavila različite uslove, nego i kombinaciju interaktivnih i kumulativnih efekata koji čine mnoge oblasti na planeti neproduktivnim i nepogodnim za život. U ovom radu biće dat osvrt na pokušaje i probleme sa kojima se susreće međunarodna zajednica u smislu pronalaženja adekvatne definicije koja bi finalno mogla da vodi ka prepoznavanju ekoloških izbeglica u pravnom smislu
Parental allowance in Serbia - examining the world health organization recommendations
No full textThis paper is one of the results of the project Research of Demographic Phenomena in the Function of Public Policies in Serbia, and is treating fertility as one of the major concerns of the current population development in Serbia. The aim of the paper is to analyze fertility levels in Serbia beyond the four basic recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding childbearing, and to give suggestions on how parental allowance could be reformulated if the recommendations were adopted. Birth levels and demographic structures are analyzed using demographic methods. Many European countries, including Serbia, are implementing the population policy trying to increase fertility levels to the replacement level. The legislative framework within which the pronatalist measures are being implemented was defined 13 years ago, and did not include all four WHO recommendations. The first indications of the pronatalist measures failure have been visible during the past few years, consequently resulting in the need to evaluate their effects and redefine basic financial measures. Having compared two basic financial measures (parental leave and parental allowance), we believe that parental allowance is the key measure of the pronatalist policy, since it is realized on the basis of birth only (parental leave is realized on the basis of employment)
Local government in Serbia: Between legislation and practice
Get PDFThe paper is based on an assumption that there are many limitations of accelerating the decentralization process and the implementation of sustainable development policy in Serbia at the local level. Although these limitations may vary between local governments (local communities) because of different degrees of social-economic development, a framework can be defined, which will be explained on the example of Serbia as a developing country. Lately, the role and the importance of the local community has been strengthening, which is particularly intensified by the rapid technical and technological development and the need for a quick adjustment to the changes resulting from it. In this regard, the development of local government units and the level of living standard of citizens increasingly depend on the modernization of local government legislation. The issue of property and resources management at the local level is essential for the process of decentralization, economic empowerment and the development of local government. The article is and a discussion aimed at the development capacity and the problems of local government units and their ability to initiate the process of democratization and economic prosperity of the country, given the numerous development limitations (economic, social and environmental), and the inherited patterns of behavior from the time of socialism
GIS & satellite detection analyses of forest belt in Prokuplje municipality
Get PDFCorine Satellite Detection in combination with GIS may analyse and show the quantitive and qualitive features of a forest belt. As a result, it gives 100 m resolution satellite recordings and may even show horizontal forest dispersness. In order to avoid exceptions and recording overlapping with digitalization, what is considered is a 100 m resolution, an identical projection file called WGS 84, so that the Corine recording projection may be harmonised. This detection defines 44 types of earth layers, while a forest earth layer is defined by 12 types of soil. Concerning the specific nature of the territory observed, 5 types of soil are considered. What is observed in the soil structure are features of a territorial span with 3 types of forests, mixed forests, broad-leaved forests and coniferous forests, including two soil types containing sparsely vegetated areas or natural grasslands
Orientation of the fifteenth and sixteenth century mosques in the former Yugoslavia
Get PDFThe paper presents the analysis of the orientation of 60 mosques built in the XV and XVI centuries in the Balkans' region of former Yugoslavia. The mosques have been selected according to their architectural value - mostly the dome mosques that were built by the most renowned builders. Based on the geographic coordinates, the qiblas of all mosques were calculated and the azimuths of their axes measured on orthophotographs. Statistical analysis has shown that the axes of these mosques vary in the horizon sector that is five times wider than the calculated sector of the correct qibla, with a systematic deviation of -10 degrees 15' in relation to the correct qibla. Connections between deviations of the architectural design (dome mosques and other mosques), location and elevation have not been identified. However, a connection between deviations and the time of construction has been identified: deviations from the qibla are smaller in mosques built at a later date. The paper has laid the groundwork for future analysis of the causes of the aforementioned deviations: in the XV and XVI centuries there were no accurate geographic coordinates of locations and the builders were not able to calculate (take over, measure) the exact qibla direction, regardless of the method they applied
The impact of climate change on the planning of mountain tourism development in Serbia: case studies of Kopaonik and Zlatibor
No full textDevelopment of sustainable mountain tourism is based on the principles of harmonising economic development with conservation of natural resources, environmental protection and preservation of authentic cultural identity of local communities in tourist areas, with an increasingly important need to consider the issues of how and how much the current and future climate change will affect the attractiveness, and in some cases even the survival itself of the basic motives in mountain tourist destinations. In order to determine a potential impact of climate change on the planning of mountain tourism development, this paper first provides a brief overview of the hitherto research from the area of climate change and their influence on tourism and mountain tourism in particular; the data on characteristic climate indicators from the meteorological stations on the mountains Kopaonik and Zlatibor (the leading tourist mountains in Serbia) are then presented and analysed; finally the appropriate conclusions are drawn from the consideration of basic theoretical and methodological and practical issues of mountain tourism planning and their relationship with climate change and potential actions to improve the situation in this area are recommended
Application of the geodiversity index for the assessment of geodiversity in urban areas: an example of the Belgrade city area, Serbia
Get PDFConsidering the fact that urbanization is one of the most serious threats to geodiversity, it is important that this issue is taken into account in spatial development plans and georesource management strategies in urban areas. This paper presents the application of a geodiversity evaluation method by using the geodiversity index, based on the quantity of abiotic elements and relief roughness within a spatial unit. Geodiversity assessment, usually used for remote, protected and sparsely populated natural areas, is now carried out in an urban environment - the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia, with a population of about 1.7 million inhabitants and very strong urbanization in the last few decades. The area of 3227 km(2) is processed with the spatial resolution of 1 x 1 km. The acquired results from the geodiversity index are analyzed in the context of sustainable use of georesources and the threats to which geodiversity is exposed due to the territorial expansion of the city. The mapping of specific categories of geodiversity on the basis of quantitative assessment with the use of Geographic Information Systems can help decision makers and managers to take further steps that would reduce threats and protect the natural value of Belgrade
Концепт управљања отпадом кроз систем просторно планске документације у Србији
Get PDFСистем управљања отпадом подразумева скуп мера и активности које се спроводе у циљу смањивања количине отпада, рециклаже и поновног коришћења, адекватне обраде отпада и санитарног депоновања преосталих количина отпада. У раду је анализирано место и улога планске документације у систему управљања отпадом, односно урађена је компаративна анализа стратешких и планских докумената из области просторног планирања и управљања отпадом како би се показале њихове међузависности. Користећи искуства земаља Европске уније, објашњени су основни постулати система управљања отпадом у просторним плановима и неопходност интердисциплинарног приступа изради регионалних и локалних планова управљања отпадом. Дате су препоруке како би се идентификовани проблеми превазишли и унапредила методологија израде планских и
стратешких докумената управљања отпадом
Characteristics of environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility and pro environmental behavior among primary and secondary school students in Serbia
Get PDFThis study analyzed trends in the environmental knowledge, responsibility
and behaviour of primary and secondary school students in Serbia. It was
found that the majority of students showed responsible environmental attitudes, but
did not display sufficient environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behaviour
in all tested situations. The obtained results can help to identify social changes con-
cerning environmental protection in Serbia that can be anticipated, as well as future
directions for formal and informal education regarding the development of environ-
mental awareness and pro-environmental habits among young people in Serbia
Shvatanje nacionalnog identiteta političke elite
Get PDFOsnovni cilj ovog dela studije jeste da se utvrdi kako savremena politička elita
u Srbiji shvata nacionalni identitet. Pri tome, nacionalni identitet se posmatra
kao specifična vrsta vrednosne orijentacije i uzima se kao jedan od kriterijuma za
procenu stepena konsolidacije ove društvene grupe. Konceptualni okvir rada počiva na Smitovom razlikovanju dva modela nacionalnog identiteta: teritorijalnog,
odnosno građanskog, i demotskog, odnosno narodnog. Ispituje se i uticaj nekih sociodemografskih faktora na shvatanje identiteta, zatim uticaj ideološko-političke
identifikacije na liniji levo-desno, kao i odnosa prema nacionalnom pitanju definisanog u političkom programu stranke kojoj pripadnici elite pripadaju. Na kraju,
komparativno je analizirano shvatanje nacionalnog identiteta od strane aktuelne
političke elite Srbije, i shvatanje njenih prethodnika, kao i stanovništva i političkih
elita drugih evropskih zemalja. Empirijsku osnovu analize predstavljaju podaci
prikupljeni 2015. godine od strane Instituta za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog
fakulteta u Beogradu, koji su dopunjeni podacima INTUNE projekta realizovanog
u dva talasa u više evropskih zemalja