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Типови промена популационог развоја насеља Јужног Баната (Србија)
Get PDFThe existing spatial organization and current demographic situation of
settlements in South Banat are the result of the synchronized processes of
industrialization, urbanization and deagrarization, which determined the selective
transformation of urban and rural areas. The processes mentioned above led to the
concentration of population in urban and suburban zones, municipal centers and
functionally most developed rural settlements, but also to depopulation of their rural
hinterland. The paper discusses changes in the spatial-demographic settlement
organization and examines the socioeconomic conditions of settlements transformation.
Changes in the population development of settlements were considered based on the
analysis of the net relative change in the number of inhabitants in urban and rural
settlements, for period from 1961 to 2011. In this way, four main types of settlements were
determined: progressive, stagnant, regressive and dominantly regressive type. In order to
show the correlation between demographic changes and socioeconomic transformation of
settlements, the method of successive (alternating) coefficients was applied. By
comparative analysis of these quantitative and qualitative indicators (types), with the
application of geographical and historical-genetic methods, a clearer view of changes in the
population development of settlements was made, which was the goal of the research.Постојећа просторна организација и актуелна демографска ситуација
насеља Јужног Баната резултат су синхронизованог деловања процеса
индустријализације, урбанизације и деаграризације, који су условили селективну
трансформацију урбаног и руралног простора. Услед поменутих процеса дошло је до
концентрације становништва у градским, приградским зонама, општинским
центрима и функционално најразвијени-јим сеоским насељима, али и до
депопулације њиховог руралног залеђа. Рад разматра промене у просторнодемографској организацији насеобинског простора и сагледава социоекономске
услове трансформације насеља. Промене у популационом развоју насеља сагледане
су на основу анализе нето релативне промене броја становника у урбаним и
руралним насељима, за период од 1961. до 2011. године. На тај начин детерминисана
су четири главна типа насеља: прогресивни, стагнантни, регресивни и доминантно
регресивни тип насеља. Ради показивања корелације између демографских промена
и социоекономске трансформације насеља примењен је метод сукцесивних
(наизменичних) делитеља. Компаративном анализом ових квантитативних и
квалита-тивних показатеља (типова), уз примену географског и историјско-генетског
метода, омогућено је јасније сагледавање промена популационог развоја насеља што
је био циљ истраживања
Biodiversity overview of soda pans in the Vojvodina region (Serbia)
Get PDFDue to their specific physical and chemical properties of water and soil soda pans of the Vojvodina region represent a unique type of habitats. Salinity is a major structuring factor which strongly affects species richness. Many halotolerant, alkalotolerant and halophilic organisms, together with numerous eurytopic elements inhabit these kinds of ecosystems. In this review we tried to compile the biodiversity information from various literature sources and give the best representation of what can be expected to be found in these shallow, temporary and intermittent aquatic environments. Only a few groups of organisms are fairly well studied, while many others are insufficiently investigated or the knowledge of them is lacking altogether. Best investigated are certain groups of algae and birds. Bacterial communities, as well as many invertebrate groups, are poorly studied or not investigated at all. Characteristic elements of flora and fauna, together with growing anthropogenic pressures make soda pans prime targets for protection
A theoretical exploration of a sundial of the franciscan friary in Dubrovnik (Croatia)
Get PDFThe Franciscan friary in Dubrovnik (Croatia) has two old wall sundials mounted in the small and large monastery cloisters. Both indicate equinoctial hours according to the apparent solar time. It is known for one who made it and the year it was made in - Pasko Baletin in 1770, and for the other, there are no data. The second sundial has two scales; on the upper scale, the direction of the shadow indicates hours counted from midnight (Ore francese), whereas on the lower scale, the hours counted from the previous sunset are indicated by the tip of the shadow i.e. its "sunlet" (Ore italiche) as it has been believed so far. In order to check this, we calculated both scales, made drafts and compared them with the existing sundial scales: hour lines on the upper scale coincide, while on the lower scale all calculated hour lines deviate from the existing lines towards the west. However, when the calculations for the lower scale are done in accordance to the hours counted from the end of the civil twilight (Ore italiche da campanile) there is complete compatibility. This was confirmed by on-site observation of the sundial. It remains to search through Dubrovnik archives to discover when the two-scale sundial was made. The last-mentioned variant could have been brought to Dubrovnik in the second half of the 18th century, and since then there was a need to construct a two-scale sundial
The Role of Gender in Preparedness and Response Behaviors towards Flood Risk in Serbia
Get PDFAdverse outcomes from 2014 flooding in Serbia indicated problematic response phase management accentuated by a gender imbalance. For this reason, we investigated the risk perceptions and preparedness of women and men regarding these types of events in Serbia. Face-to-face interviews, administered to 2500 participants, were conducted across 19 of 191 municipalities. In light of the current findings, men seemed to be more confident in their abilities to cope with flooding, perceiving greater individual and household preparedness. By contrast, women displayed a deeper understanding of these events. Perhaps owing to a deeper level of understanding, women demonstrated more household-caring attitudes and behaviors and were more prone to report a willingness to help flood victims at reception centers. Emergency management agencies and land planners should account for these differences in gender awareness and preparedness. Based on these findings, doing so may increase citizen participation and shared responsibility under flood hazard scenarios
Porast završnog fertiliteta kod visokoobrazovanih žena - fokus u kreiranju populacione politike u Srbiji
Get PDFConsidering the recorded increase in the completed cohort fertility of high-educated women in the period 1991-2011, the aim of this paper is to indicate how many changes in the parity progression ratios contribute to this change. Using decomposition method based on population censuses 1991 and 2011, author decomposes the change in completed cohort fertility among high-educated women above reproductive age. The results show that the change in completed cohort fertility was mostly driven by increases in progression ratios to the first and the second birth. Given that there is a growing tendency to motherhood, but that it stops on one child (possibly two children), it can be said that the focus of population policy should be to facilitate decision making about entering into parenting.Imajući u vidu zabeleženi porast završnog fertiliteta visokoobrazovanih žena u periodu 1991-2011, cilj rada je da ce ukaže na to koliko promene u verovatnoćama povećanja broja dece doprinose tom porastu. Navedeni cilj podrazumevaće primenu metoda dekompozicije baziranom na podacima popisa stanovništva iz 1991. i 2011. godine, uz obuhvat žena postfertilne dobi. Rezultati pokazuju da ce zabeleženi porast završnog fertiliteta visokoobrazovanih žena u najvećoj meri objašnjava pozitivnim pomacima u progresijama ka prvoi drugorođenju, što svedoči o sve izraženijoj dominantnosti niskih reproduktivnih normi. S obzirom na njihovu sve veću težnju da se ostvare kao majke ali da se sve češće zaustavljaju na jednom detetu (eventualno dvoje), može se reći da bi u fokusu populacione politike trebalo da bude delovanje u pravcu olakšavanja odluke o ulasku u roditeljstvo
Changes in the Household Structure during the Period 1961-2011 in Serbia: Example of Sokobanja Municipality
No full textSerbia and the entire Southeastern Europe was affected by considerable demographic, political, and socioeconomic changes in the second half of the twentieth century. The changes in the population were shown as an insufficient birthrate as well as an intense emigration. Apart from these, certain drastic changes in the household structure occurred. This article examines the total changes in the household number on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, with the municipality of Sokobanja as a prominent example. Other aims of the research are the analysis of the household composition and economic characteristics of the households
Assessment of torrential flood susceptibility using GIS matrix method: case study - Vrbas river basin (B&H)
Get PDFTorrential floods are the most frequent natural hazard events in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The increase of intensive rains in Bosnia and Herzegovina over last years, as a consequence of the climate changes, has triggered many torrential floods, which have generated a lot of damages and losses of human lives. This study was focused on development of torrential susceptibility model using GMM Method and GIS in the Vrbas river basin as an attempt to create a new methodological approach which can be used on other river basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina. First, a total of 174 torrential basins were identified in the Vrbas river basin, as a base for creating an inventory map, which was a base map for the assessment of torrential floods susceptibility. The GIS Matrix Method and six influencing factors were used for generation of Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model. Based on the obtained values of Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model for the Vrbas river basin, 45.52% of the study area is within strong and very strong susceptibility category. The Torrential Flood Susceptibility Model was validated using a "degree of fit" method. Validation indicators of the TFSM show that the 80.04% are in the category of strong and very strong susceptibility, while only 4.37% are in the category of very low and low susceptibility. This fact suggests that used methodology based on GMM method and used influencing factors enable delimitation of the area with high and very high susceptibility to torrential floods into the Vrbas basin. Therefore, used methodological approach represents a good base for future research, and it has potential for the practical use and should be tested in other river basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pedagogical benefits of fieldwork of the students at the Faculty of Geography in the light of the Bologna Process
No full textStudents' opinion and assessment of the quality of teaching presents an important segment of the evaluation of the quality of teaching at university level in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process. In this study, we have examined opinion of students at the Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade on the pedagogical benefits of fieldwork, which presents an important determinant of geographers' education. A total of 215 students evaluated pedagogical benefits of fieldwork in relation to didactic-methodical aspects such as: immediate contact with objects of knowledge; interdisciplinary study of a problem; application of various methods of teaching; enhancement of motivation for learning; improvement of social relations, and development of skills necessary for fieldwork. Research results indicate that students recognize and positively evaluate benefits of fieldwork. Final-year students as well as students who had more days of fieldwork evaluate benefits of fieldwork in a more positive way. Research results indicate the need to improve the quality of fieldwork and increase its share in the curriculum of the Faculty of Geography in accordance with the constructivist paradigm in education, which places a student at the centre of educational process, and fundamental principles of the Bologna Process
Assessing average annual air temperature trends using the Mann-Kendall test in Kosovo
Get PDFThe annual trends of surface mean monthly air temperature and monthly extreme temperatures were analyzed from ten meteorological stations in Kosovo. The data refer to observation periods between 1949 and 1999 for four stations, and observation periods between 1965 and 1999 for the remaining six stations. Trends were analyzed for nine time series. Positive trends were found in six series, and negative trends were found in three series. After an assessment of these trends using the Mann-Kendall test, positive trends were confirmed in four series, a negative trend was confirmed in one series, and in one series there was no trend, whereas trends were characterized as slightly positive in two time series and slightly negative in one series
A geographical information systems-based approach to health facilities and urban traffic system in Belgrade, Serbia
Get PDFWe studied the geospatial distribution of health facilities in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia, in relation to the public transport system. Analyses in this research were based on advanced geographical information systems using numerical methods. We calculated accessibility to health centres as based on public transport properties accounting for the movement of citizens, as well as patients, through the city. Based on results, the city of Belgrade has a moderate connectivity. Public health centres and a group of other health centres in the central-east part of the city have a better connectivity. Also, in this paper we estimated that the average time necessary to reach health facilities on foot is 100 minutes and by public transport vehicles such as buses, trams and trolleys is 42 minutes