Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
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The impact of human activities on climate change
Full text linkHuman activity increases emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, among other things, and has a significant impact on Earth's atmosphere. This alteration is one of the primary causes of climate change. The main source of emissions is carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect the Earth's energy balance by varying the quantity of solar radiation that enters the atmosphere and the amount of thermal radiation that escapes. This has an impact on the climate. There is a direct relationship between earth's temperature and human activity. A few more things that contribute to global warming are rubbish, transportation, agriculture, deforestation, and animals in particular. The rise in global temperatures is the result of several factors. fluctuations in the Earth's atmosphere's concentrations of greenhouse gases, particulate matter, black carbon, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons are the main causes of fluctuations in global temperature. Since human behavior is the foundation of all aspects of existence, people must always be watching over and guiding others. A detailed examination of environmental economics and the part that human activity plays in global warming is necessary to mitigate the detrimental effects of its spread. Changes in the quantity and composition of various gases and particles in the atmosphere can contribute to fluctuations in temperature within the climate system. This study focused on how human activity has been the primary source of temperature increases since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Human activity has had a significantly greater impact on climate than natural phenomena like solar fluctuations and volcano eruptions, which are known to vary throughout time
Study of Historical wars during the thirty years in Europe (1618-1648)
Full text linkThis paper investigates the emergence of Protestantism in the 16th century, leading to a profound rift with Catholicism and culminating in the Thirty Years' War triggered by the Defenestration of Prague in 1618. Examining the complexities of this conflict, the paper explores why nations such as France, Sweden, and Denmark supported the Protestants, contrasting with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire's alignment with Catholics. The narrative extends to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, a transformative agreement reshaping Europe's political and religious landscape. Analyzing the social events surrounding the war, the paper highlights its role in separating religious institutions from politics. Adopting an analytical and descriptive approach, the research draws insights from historians, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the war's impact on the relationship between religion and politics
Assessing Power Dynamics: Afghanistan's Constitutional Framework of 2004
Full text linkThis study provides a detailed analysis of the Afghanistan Constitution of 2004, focusing on the principles of separation and balance of powers as outlined in the renowned theory originating from influential political thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. The theory of separation of powers has gained widespread acceptance globally, serving as a fundamental tenet of political thought and constitutional law. Through a meticulous examination, this research investigates the incorporation of the theory within the 2004 Afghan constitution, scrutinizing its manifestation across various constitutional provisions. The constitution explicitly delineates executive authority to the government, legislative power to the National Assembly, and judicial power to the judiciary. However, the concentration of extensive powers in the presidency raises valid concerns regarding the preservation of the principle of balance of powers within the constitutional framework. This study aims to elucidate these concerns and provide insights into the potential ramifications for the effective separation and balance of powers within Afghanistan's governance structure. The analysis delves into the mechanisms established by the constitution to ensure the independence and accountability of each branch of government. It examines the interplay between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, evaluating their respective roles and responsibilities in maintaining the integrity of the constitutional order. Furthermore, the study explores avenues for enhancing the balance of powers and strengthening democratic governance in Afghanistan, considering the evolving political landscape and future prospects for constitutional reform
Unveiling the Cultural Impact of 'Ashar': A Societal Perspective
Full text link‘Ashar’, also referred to as Hashar, stands as a prevalent tradition deeply ingrained within Afghan culture, characterized by collective voluntary labor directed towards specific communal tasks or projects. This research endeavors to delve into the urgent necessity of addressing the potential decline of this significant social activity and to propose diverse solutions for its preservation. With its unique capacity to nurture unity and cohesion among communities, ‘Ashar’ yields a myriad of benefits that resonate across individuals and groups. Even the simplest act of aiding a single person exemplifies the profound impact and intrinsic value of this communal tradition. Through an exploration of its multifaceted implications, this study aims to illuminate the critical importance of safeguarding ‘Ashar’ to perpetuate its invaluable contributions to Afghan society
Diplomatic Protocols: Illuminating the path Improving Political Relations between States
Full text linkThroughout history, it has been traditional to formally receive political and diplomatic representatives at various levels during national, regional, and worldwide events using diplomatic protocols, which originated from diplomatic courtesies. Establishing trust and confidence in those who will be taking part in future meetings and conversations begins with the use of protocols. Officials' concerns are lessened when hosts adhere strictly to these guidelines since they know what actions and behaviors are appropriate at a given time and place. Understanding this notion reduces anxiety and boosts their confidence during conversations. Protocols create the conditions required for state representatives to communicate successfully, hence promoting state-to-state and international contact. A state's ties may become strained if protocols are not followed precisely and correctly. As a result, it is evident that protocols and their use in diplomatic relations have a substantial impact on the political and diplomatic ties between nations as well as on the development of links between states or parties. We have chosen to concentrate this research on investigating the function of protocols in diplomatic contacts due to the significant significance and influence of protocols in diplomatic relations
The Scenario of Zakah Management in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis
Full text linkThe aim of the study is to describe and analyze the real scenario of zakah management in Bangladesh. Zakah is an important tool to eradicate poverty in the country and it can play a vital role in alleviating unemployment too. About 91.04% of the total population of the country is Muslim. A good number of Muslims are capable of paying zakah annually. However, the zakah management system in urban or rural areas is poor. And the capable people on whom zakah is compulsory are not so positive about distributing zakah among (mustahaqqun) the beneficiary group. Mustahaqqun means the class of people who are eligible to collect zakah according to Islamic Shariah. Almost, all the zakah payers are not aware enough to pay zakah in the defined Sariah way. Only a few people legally pay their zakah portion among the eligible class. For this, the actual method of zakah distribution management in Bangladesh is not exercised and executed properly. This is why, the real beneficiary group is not facilitated in a systematic way. This study also tries to focus on the challenges of zakah distribution management in Bangladesh and tries to highlight the effective recommendations for resolving these problems
FIELDS OF SORROWS AND HARVEST: COPING WITH GRIEF, CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SCARCITY IN INDIGENOUS FARMING COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study explores the intertwined challenges of climate change, food scarcity, and emotional grief among indigenous farming communities in Nigeria. As climate change exacerbates food production issues, Indigenous farmers face not only economic hardship but also profound psychological impacts. This research examines the coping mechanisms and resilience strategies employed by these communities. Using a combination of surveys, interviews, and focus groups, the study provides a nuanced understanding of how climate-induced food insecurity affects both the livelihoods and emotional well-being of indigenous farmers. The results reveal a complex web of challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted policy interventions and support systems. The findings points to the importance of integrating mental health support into agricultural and environmental policies. This research contributes to the broader discourse on climate justice, emphasizing the unique vulnerabilities and strengths of indigenous populations in the face of global environmental changes
EXAMINING THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF GOVERNANCE IN ZAKAT IN A MUSLIM MINORITY COUNTRY: THE CASE OF SRI LANKA
Full text linkZakat constitutes one of the pillars of Islam and religious practice in Islam aimed at supporting those in need. It also plays a major role in contributing to the socioeconomic development of society. To achieve efficient zakat management, institutions must focus on strong governance and proper management practices. This focus is essential due to the institution’s responsibility to manage effectively and provide transparent information to the public. Therefore, to meet stakeholder needs, non-profit organizations must prioritize governance. In Sri Lanka, the absence of specific laws or regulations governing zakat practice such as the Marriage and Divorce (Muslim) Act, the Muslim Intestate Succession Ordinance, and the Muslim Mosques and Charitable Trusts or Wakfs Act has led to a need for examination of current governance practices related to zakat collection and distribution. This study explores these practices and highlights how applying governance principles can help achieve the objectives (Maqasid) of zakat management in Sri Lanka. The research employs a doctrinal analysis of primary and secondary data, including statutes, practices, journals, and reports. Additionally, the study analyzes current zakat management practices through interviews with five respondents, including zakat practitioners and Shari’ah scholars, using thematic analysis. The findings reveal several issues: the causes of inefficient governance in zakat management, theoretical and practical problems with existing practices in Sri Lanka, gaps in the zakat governance framework, and conceptual and management deficiencies within zakat institutions. The study recommends developing a new governance framework for zakat management. This should include modern rules and practices based on Islamic law, staff training in fundamental Islamic knowledge, improved internal and external audit processes, and increased awareness among managers, donors, beneficiaries, and members of society
Research of developmental models and techniques in the function of improving communication capacities
Full text linkCommunication as a basic form of social interaction is based on transmission of experiential contents through signs, whether they are symbols, signals or their combinations. In addition to the numerous factors that contribute to intensification and more efficient communication, there are also a large number of negative factors that reduce the effect of unforced, easy and relaxed communication. We shall try by this work to open current discussions about the elements, aspects, types, forms, functions, models and techniques of improving communication in social interactions. Consistently to the results of the conducted research, we shall provide new interpretations on manner how to overcome situations when we know "what should we say" but we do not know "how to announce it". The increasing communication capacities, the increasing the probability of better and more successful social interaction occur, which causally initiates an increase in the quality of life
Exploring Resources to Mobilize and Empower Women on Twitter: A Case of the Enlightenment Movement in Afghanistan
Full text linkA considerable body of investigations has published with the focus on the impact of Social Media platforms especially Twitter (X) on the people mobilization and social movements around the world. However, the previous research with in-depth discussions shows the women's role in people mobilization and launching of social movements through twitter campaign is largely missing in the literature. This paper systematically explores the significance of Twitter in qualifying empowering women and mobilizing human resources to shape a social movement. This study examines how much the solidarity of the people on Twitter was instrumental in shaping the Enlightenment Movement and which sources were most involved in mobilizing them. This study using a qualitative approach investigates the possible relationships between the presence of educated women on Twitter and the formation of the Enlightenment Movement in Afghanistan. Intensive interviews of 25 participants showed that Twitter has a tremendously active role in empowering women. The findings of this study emphasize the effectiveness of the widespread presence of people on social media, especially Twitter, in recent years. Based on this study findings, scientific knowledge, awareness, social media and access to the new information technology, have a significant impact on women's empowerment