International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports
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Investigating Key Factors Influencing Adhesion and Adherence in Weight Training
Full text linkThe practice of weight training can result in many benefits for its practitioners, however the proportion of individuals who practice weight training regularly is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the reasons for adhesion and adherence in weight training. The sample was composed of 75 participants, men and women, who practice weight training, in a gym located in Florianópolis, Brazil. Data was collected using a questionnaire, which resulted in health and quality of life being the main reasons for joining and adhering to weight training. In relation to the characteristics of the gym that contribute to the for adhesion and adherence, the following were identified: the location of the gym, the financial cost, the technical qualifications and the service of the professionals. Through these results, Physical Education professionals will be able to create loyalty strategies for their students, taking into account the reasons for exercising at that location
Physical Exercise as a Modulator of the Levels of Leptin/Adiponectin Relation and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Full text linkChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important factor of loss of quality of life and high rates of morbidity and mortality, where cardiovascular diseases are the main responsible for this poorer prognosis. It is verified that CKD is associated with high inflammatory levels in the body, or that it seems to contribute to these cardiovascular events. Thus, CKD is characterized by a high inflammatory profile, as well as possibly a large imbalance in adipokines due to changes in body composition. Thus, adiponectin and leptin emerge as possible inflammatory modulators, although their popular effects are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, it is proven that physical exercise can be a great tool in the treatment of CKD and in the modulation of biomarkers, stimulating in an anti-inflammatory way and promoting an adjustment in the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. Thus, this review seeks to elucidate the role of exercise as a modulator of inflammation and the leptin/adiponectin relationship in order to contribute to the better quality of life of this population, in addition to demonstrating the important role that exercise can exert in modulation of these biomarkers, aiming to minimize the cardiovascular effects that these biomarkers exert on this population
Evaluation of the oxidative profile in leukocytes of jiu jtisu athletes
Full text linkOxidative stress is a process where there is an increase in reactive species, both oxygen and nitrogen. This can happen at both systemic and mitochondrial levels. One of the physiological conditions currently associated with oxidative stress is high-performance physical activity. In this way, it is possible to relate that this problem impacts on sports competitions, especially in Jiu-Jitsu, a growing sport in the world and which demands intense physical effort. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the level of mitochondrial and systemic oxidation in leukocytes of jiu-jitsu athletes. 20 adult men were selected for the control group and 13 athletes for the experimental group. A blood collection was performed to perform MTT and chemiluminescence assays for an analysis of mitochondrial and systemic oxidation, respectively. In addition, two reactive nitrogen species were measured: nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The evaluation of the leukocyte reducing capacity by MTT showed that the athletes presented a greater reducing environment compared to the control. On the other hand, the chemiluminescence evaluation showed that the athletes' leukocytes showed greater systemic oxidation. There was an increase in both reactive nitrogen species in alteta leukocytes. Given this, it was possible to notice that the athletes presented greater systemic oxidative stress, but with mitochondria with better adaptive capacity to the cell's metabolic demands
Navigating Covid-19 Challenges – How Physical Education Teachers Skillfully Applied Their Expertise
Full text linkPhysical education (PE) is challenging to teach in a face-to-face setup due to its rigorous physical activities (PA). This challenge intensified with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting a shift toward exclusively adopting distance learning education (DLE) or online education (OE). Since there is a lack of elaboration on the challenges encountered by PE teachers in teaching the subject in such a setup and understanding the solutions they have implemented for its successful delivery, this study reviews available studies to understand this case. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) bounded by inclusion-exclusion criteria, 39 Philippine studies were screened and considered for review. Despite PE teachers confronting a series of challenges and these hurdles demanding a paradigm shift in teaching strategies, particularly in maintaining physical engagement and connection in a virtual setting, these challenges spurred resilience and innovation. In particular, interprofessional collaboration for pedagogical resilience, adaptation of innovative pedagogies, improving technological proficiency, and dealing with remote environments are commendable actions that PE teachers demonstrated in times of DLE/OE. The study concludes that PE teachers demonstrated a commitment to collective success, similar to other subjects, by providing students with a diverse educational journey despite the nature of the subject
Evaluation of Sleep Behaviors in Male Football Players Participating in Youth Football Leagues
Full text linkThis article addresses a research study aimed at evaluating the sleep behaviors of young football players in Turkey. The research was conducted using a correlational survey design. The population consisted of male football players participating in the Turkey Football U 19 Elite A, U 17 Elite A, U 17 Elite B, U 19 Regional Development, U 17 Regional Development, and U 16 Development leagues, with a sample size of 203 players. Statistical methods such as normality analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for analysis. The study found no statistically significant differences in the variables of football year, position status, training day, regular medication use status, education level, and sleep duration among young football players. The data revealed that young players who stayed with friends at home or alone had higher sleep quality compared to those staying with their families at home. When analyzed according to the computer and phone usage variable, except for the sleep disorder factor, all sub-dimensions favored those using computers and phones. Regarding the playing status in development leagues, significant results were found in the sports factor sub-dimension for U 19 Elite A and U 19 Regional Development league players in relation to sleep quality factors. According to ASBQ Total Score averages, the values of U 19 Elite A league players were more significant compared to U 17 Elite A league players and U 16 Development league players. Regarding the sleep problem status variable, players indicating sleep problems had statistically higher values in sleep quality factors, Habitual sleep efficiency factors, and ASBQ Total Scores. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a direct relationship between sleep and performance among U 19 Elite A young football players, and they act with this awareness
Exploring Soccer Coaching Methods: Design and Validation of a Measurement Instrument
Full text linkSoccer coaches, although not prominently featured in the foreground, are essential to the outcomes of the sport. They are key figures between athletes and organizational goals. Choosing, retaining, and developing the greatest athletes is the cornerstone to a successful coaching career. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that was determine the characteristic soccer coaching styles. A experimental study involved the participation of 207 soccer coaches (B, A and PRO UEFA coaching license). The questionnaire comprises 14 themes and consists of 65 items designed to evaluate soccer coaching styles, developed from the updated Leadership Scale for Sport. The validation of the developed instrument in this empirical study was conducted using two procedures: (1) factor analysis (PCA with oblique rotation) and (2) an internal consistency assessment (Scale Reliability Analysis – Cronbach's Alpha). Nineteen significant factors were extracted, and they are as follows: Player contribution to the game system; Cooperation/ Opinions; Implementation of coach's requirements; Teaching; Motivation; Conflict resolution; Informations; Sanction; Expressing an opinion; Error correction at own discretion; Highlighting the good and bad sides of players; Instructions; Team goal setting; Highlighting positivism/ negativism; The coach's personal expectations; Team solutions; Strategy creation; Social support; The influence of the team on coaching decision-making. By analyzing the data, it was determined that “B” football coaches are characterized by the coaching style "positive feedback", “A” soccer coaches by the "training and instructor" and "positive feedback" styles, while “PRO” coaches are characterized by the "positive feedback" style and a slightly lower frequency by the "training and instructor" style. Using only one coaching/leadership style is certainly a limiting factor, as different situations require different coaching approaches
A Review of Scientific Methods for Measuring Body Composition: Advancements and Emerging Techniques
Full text linkThe present research paper's goal is to examine the most recent, accurate, and useful techniques for measuring human body composition. The techniques to measure Human body composition are continuously being met by emerging data results. Key efforts include the usage of imaging to help explain ectopic fat depots, quantifiable magnetic resonance for entire body water, fat and lean tissue measurement, and multi-divisional and multi-repetitive bioelectrical impedance analysis. Assessments of total body fat, fat-free mass, total body water, bone mineral content, cellular water, visceral, subcutaneous, skeletal muscle, major organs, and abnormal body fat depots are all approved using the relevant methodologies. The need for a method that generates data on biological and metabolic processes is constant. Clinicians and scientists can measure a variety of body elements and, observe changes in health and disease with implications for understanding the effectiveness of nutritional and medical disruptions, assessment, deterrence, and treatment in clinical settings. This is made possible by the wide range of measurable characteristics, analytical techniques, and designated total body composition models. The increased requirement to comprehend health risk precursors starting before conception has left a gap in the proper assessment techniques, with implementation starting during gestation, or foetal development
Effects of Three Training Methods on the Physical Fitness in Adult Cameroonian Boxers
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate three training methods on the physical capacity of Cameroonians boxers in other to propose the best method for their preparation. Thus, thirty-six boxers aged twenty-three to twenty-six were recruited and divided into three groups of twelve boxers each. They were submitted to training session for eight weeks using the continuous method, the intermittent method and the mixed method for group one, two and three respectively. Anthropometric (weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI)) and physiological (Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Blood Glucose Levels (BGL) and Blood Lactic Acid concentrations (BLA)) parameters were measured before and after the training session program. Results at the end of the program showed no significant variation of Blood Glucose Level of boxers between the three groups as well as inside the same group (p>0.05). On the other hand, significant differences (p<0.05-p<0.001) in weight, BMI, SBP, DBP, VO2max and Blood Lactic Acid concentrations were observed. Indeed, weight, BMI, SBP and DBP decreased significantly (p<0.05-p<0.001), while VO2max increased significantly in the three experimental groups (p<0.05-p<0.001). The analysis of these results reveals that the group having practiced the mixed training method showed the strongest rates of increase in VO2max (67.8±5.00 ml/min/kg). In addition, their VO2max at the end of the experimentation is largely above the average value defined by literature (64.8 ml/min/kg). This can justify the choice of the mixed training method for the physical preparation of Cameroonian boxers
Acute Investigation of Maximal Strength, Power and Rapid Strength Production on Lower Compartment Circuit Resistance Training of International Female Wrestling Athletes
Full text linkThe circuit resistance training is high intense and high load repetition training method completed on different sport modalities for wrestling women. A total of 10 wrestling women age mean 17 yr, height 1.63 m, body mass 54 kg, training experience 10 yrs participated in this study. Equipment and methods: To circuit resistance training determined on 1RM maximal test, gradually increase rapid strength production and lower leg power to CMJ and SJ actualized on six resistance exercises; a) hip flexion (HP), b) ankle inversion (AI), c) squat (SQ), d) hip extension (HE), e) deadlift (DE), and f) ankle eversion (AE) for wrestling women athletes on team professional sport performance. The lower compartment circuit resistance training was provided on advanced maximal load and power performance by 85% of 1RM (6 rep) high training load and (10 repetition – 20 s interval) intensity. Compared to Pre-test and Post-test that lower compartment resistance training concluded increased maximal strength for acute training load repetition and rapid strength load lifting performance and lower leg power resulted to CMJ decreased for wrestling and SJ increased for wrestling, circuit resistance training promoted high resistance load variability and minimum short time recovery on the one session non-periodic exercises performance with strength and power development. Other, experimental results for different sport modalities may be performing on maximal strength and power performance change in short recovery training phase for minimum effort rapid strength performance
The Physiological and Morphological Benefits of Shadowboxing
Full text linkIs shadowboxing an effective form of functional exercise? What physiological and morphological changes result from an exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing for 3 weeks? To date, no empirical research has focused specifically on addressing these questions. Since mixed martial arts (MMA) is the fastest growing sport in the world, and since boxing and kickboxing fitness classes are among the most popular in gyms and fitness clubs worldwide, the lack of research on shadowboxing and martial arts-based fitness programs in the extant literature is a shortcoming that the present article aims to address. This case study involved a previously sedentary individual engaging in an exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing for 3 weeks. Body composition and heart rate data were collected before, throughout, and upon completion of the 3-week exercise program to determine the effectiveness of shadowboxing for functional fitness purposes. An original shadowboxing program prepared by an Everlast Master Instructor and NASM Certified Personal Trainer (NASM-CPT) and Performance Enhancement Specialist (NASM-PES) was used for this 3-week period. The original shadowboxing program with goals, techniques, and combinations to work on throughout the 3-week program is included in this article. This case study demonstrates that a 3-week exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing can increase aerobic capacity, muscle mass, bone mass, basal metabolic rate, and daily calorie intake, and decrease resting heart rate, fat mass, body fat percentage, and visceral fat rating in a previously sedentary individual. The results of this research demonstrate that shadowboxing can be a safe and effective form of exercise leading to morphological and physiological improvements including fat loss and increased aerobic capacity. The results of this research also demonstrate that the Tanita BC-1500 is a reliable tool for individuals to evaluate their own fitness progress over time