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The Role of Technology in Language Sustainability
Get PDFTechnology has emerged as a major determining factor in the sustainability of language especially in the current world that is characterized by globalization and digitization. Most of the minority and endangered languages are in great danger of passing out due to the hegemonic languages around the world. Still, thanks to the innovations, the current era provides unmeasurable potentialities for the documentation and revitalization of such endangered languages. This paper aims to find out how and in what manner; digital gadgets, artificial intelligence, and social media are being used to capture, educate, and popularly promote endangered languages. It also explores how new ways of breaking the language barrier, including through translation services and voice recognition technologies, can increase social interaction and promote multilingualism. Therefore, this paper analyzes different cases and projects that help argue about the importance of technology to contribute actively to the sustainability of languages
Myth, Emotion and Identity: Psychological Resonance of Anime in Indian Viewership
Get PDFThe paper investigates the psychological and cultural resonance of Japanese anime among Indian audiences, especially in light of its growing influence in digital and youth culture. Moving away from assertive religious interpretations, the study adopts an analytical framework that explores how anime engages with universal mythic structures, emotional depth, and character development, while subtly echoing thematic elements familiar to a predominantly Hindu socio-cultural landscape. Using Naruto, One Piece, and Dragon Ball Z as primary case studies, the research explores how anime narratives reflect archetypal journeys of self-realization, moral tension, and emotional transformation. The paper examines how these series present psychologically rich stories that resonate with Indian viewers experiencing modern uncertainties and internal conflict. While certain narrative elements, such as reincarnation, energy systems, or moral duality, may appear reminiscent of Hindu cosmology, the study interprets these not as direct religious borrowings but as universal motifs recontextualized in contemporary animation. The paper suggests that Indian viewers relate to anime not through theological alignment, but through cultural proximity and emotional identification. The protagonists’ perseverance, ethical dilemmas, and journeys toward self-mastery mirror the aspirations of Indian youth navigating a rapidly globalizing yet tradition-bound society. Anime thus functions as a reflective medium, offering viewers space for introspection, identity formation, and catharsis. Finally, the paper highlights anime’s ability to transcend cultural boundaries while still allowing for contextualized meaning-making. In the Indian context, this meaning is shaped by a psychological engagement with narrative form and symbolic familiarity, rather than doctrinal convergence
Bridging the Language Divide: Challenges and Innovations in Teaching English to Rural Learners in India
Get PDFThis paper seeks to offer a comprehensive exploration of the challenges and innovations associated with teaching English to rural learners in India. By critically examining the socio-cultural, infrastructural, and pedagogical barriers to English education, and analysing real-life case studies and experimental practices, this study aims to contribute to the development of inclusive and sustainable models for English language teaching. Ultimately, the goal is to make English education more relevant, empowering, and accessible to rural students so that they, too, can participate confidently in the academic, professional, and global spheres of the 21st century. This study argues that rural English education must move beyond traditional grammar-translation and rote-learning methods. It advocates for a learner-centred, flexible, and inclusive pedagogy that respects the learner’s linguistic background and personal learning pace. The paper concludes with recommendations for curriculum designers, teacher educators, and policymakers, emphasising the need for regular teacher training, development of bilingual and localised materials, and inclusion of rural-specific needs in national education planning
Subverting the Myth: Mahasweta Devi's “Draupadi” as a Critique of Contemporary Socio-Political Issues through the Reinterpretation of Classical Mythology
No full textMahasweta Devi’s “Draupadi” (2002) is a groundbreaking narrative that reimagines classical mythology to critique contemporary socio-political injustices, particularly the systematized oppression and despotism of women and marginalized communities in India. By subverting the mythological Draupadi from the Mahabharata, Devi crafts Dopdi Mejhen, a tribal woman and a Naxalite revolutionary, as a symbol of disobedience and resistance against patriarchal and state violence and its inhumanity. This study tries to explore how Devi reclaims myth to address issues of gender, caste, and class oppression, utilizing feminist and post-colonial theoretical frameworks to analyze Dopdi’s bravado as a radical and progressive act of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of subalternity, Judith Butler’s theory of “performativity”, and Helene Cixous’s ideas of reclaiming the female body, this analysis seeks to demonstrate how Dopdi transforms her body into a site of resistance thereby rejecting the imposed notions of shame, indignity, and victimhood. Furthermore, it attempts to understand how Frantz Fanon’s theory of decolonization illuminates Dopdi’s rebellion as a profound disruption and undermining of the oppressor’s power and authoritativeness, embodying the collective struggle and toiling of the tribal communities against systematic exploitation. Fanon’s emphasis on reclaiming humanity through resistance parallels Dopdi’s refusal to be silenced, framing her bold confrontation as an act of political and symbolic liberation. Devi’s narrative critiques the intersectionality of oppression, highlighting how patriarchal and state forces perpetuate violence and dehumanization. Dopdi’s final act of naked defiance subverts both traditional and modern frameworks of honor, asserting her autonomy and challenging societal norms. This study also attempts to underscore the enduring relevance of “Draupadi” as a powerful commentary on resistance, agency, and justice. By merging mythological subversion with contemporary struggles, Devi provides a profound critique of socio-political hierarchies, offering a universal narrative of resilience that continues to resonate in global discourses on oppression and empowerment
Memory and History: A Comparative Study of Urvashi Butalia’s The Other Side of Silence and Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan
No full textThe Partition of India in 1947 remains a deeply traumatic event, shaping historical narratives and personal memories. Literature on Partition serves as a critical site where memory and history intersect, offering nuanced insights into the human dimensions of this historical rupture. Urvashi Butalia’s The Other Side of Silence (1998) and Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan (1956) exemplify this interplay through different narrative approaches. Butalia foregrounds oral testimonies, particularly of marginalized voices, challenging conventional historiography by highlighting personal recollections often omitted from official accounts. Singh’s novel, in contrast, employs fiction to depict the complexities of communal identities, morality, and violence, embedding individual experiences within a broader historical framework. This study applies the theoretical perspectives of Maurice Halbwachs’ collective memory, Paul Ricoeur’s narrative memory, and Pierre Nora’s lieux de mémoire to analyze how these works mediate the tensions between subjective memory and objective history. Through comparative analysis, this paper argues that Butalia and Singh reconstruct Partition history by integrating emotional and personal dimensions, underscoring literature’s role as a counter-narrative to dominant historical discourses. By examining the representations of memory and history in these texts, this study highlights the ongoing significance of Partition literature in shaping historical consciousness and collective identity
Reconceptualizing Disability: A Comparative Study of Mahesh Dattani’s Tara and Malini Chib’s One Little Finger
No full textThis research undertakes a critical examination of the representation of disability in literature through a comparative analysis of two thematically aligned yet structurally distinct texts: One Little Finger by Malini Chib and Tara by Mahesh Dattani. One Little Finger, an autobiographical account authored by a woman with cerebral palsy, offers a first-person perspective rooted in the lived reality of disability, while Tara, a fictional drama by an able-bodied playwright, presents a narrative constructed around the experiences of conjoined twins, one of whom is disabled. By juxtaposing these texts, the study foregrounds the crucial role of authorial embodiment and positionality in shaping literary portrayals of disability. The analysis probes the nuanced divergences in thematic treatment, narrative tone, and ideological undercurrents, interrogating the ways in which disability is imagined, mediated, and communicated. The paper further considers the limitations and ethical implications of representation when disability is filtered through an external, able-bodied lens, as opposed to being expressed through auto-narrative testimony. Particular attention is paid to the dimensions of narrative agency, experiential authenticity, and the socio-political context surrounding each text. Ultimately, this research argues for a more inclusive and self-reflexive literary criticism that acknowledges the intersection of narrative form, embodiment, and the politics of visibility in the representation of disabled lives
Resilience Amidst Violence: Exploring Trauma and Resistance in Pinki Virani’s Bitter Chocolate and Sohaila Abdulali’s What We Talk About When We Talk About Rape
No full textThis paper examines the stories of resilience, trauma, and empowerment in Pinki Virani's Bitter Chocolate and Sohaila Abdulali's What We Talk About When We Talk About Rape. Both works confront the deep-rooted societal stigma and silence that surrounds sexual violence, while providing a space for survivors to reclaim their narratives. Virani's Bitter Chocolate highlights the issue of child sexual abuse in India, presenting the distressing accounts of victims along with commentary on social, legal, and cultural aspects. Her work acts as both an exposé of the pervasive nature of abuse and a call for systemic transformation and the empowerment of survivors. The text investigates the impact of trauma on identity and examines the limited options available for healing and achieving justice within patriarchal systems. In a similar vein, Sohaila Abdulali’s What We Talk About When We Talk About Rape explores the intricate issues surrounding the discourse on rape. Combining her personal narrative with broader reflections on societal reactions to rape, Abdulali adopts a memoir-like style in her approach. Her work confronts prevailing narratives that typically depict survivors as powerless, emphasizing how individuals can reclaim their agency through advocacy, dialogue, and collective support. Both works examine the intertwined themes of trauma and survival, highlighting how victims navigate their lives after trauma and reconstruct their identities in the face of societal expectations. This paper analyzes these narratives through the frameworks of trauma theory and feminist critique, concentrating on how survivors assert their agency while contending with systemic oppression. It also highlights how both authors challenge prevailing victim-blaming narratives by portraying survivors as proactive agents of change. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes the significance of storytelling in both healing and activism, positing that these narratives are essential in reshaping public attitudes toward sexual violence and cultivating a more compassionate and equitable societal response
Quest for Identity and Dignity of the Women in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine and Desirable Daughters
No full textThis research article explores the intertwined themes of identity, dignity, and female agency in Bharati Mukherjee’s novels Jasmine (1989) and Desirable Daughters (2002). Through a comparative literary analysis, the study examines how Mukherjee articulates the struggles of her female protagonists as they navigate cultural displacement, patriarchal expectations, and the complexities of diasporic existence. The paper foregrounds the protagonists’ evolving subjectivities and investigates their attempts to assert selfhood in foreign and often alienating socio-cultural environments. In Jasmine, the eponymous protagonist undergoes a series of transformative identities—from Jyoti to Jasmine to Jane—reflecting a fractured yet resilient pursuit of autonomy and dignity in the face of trauma, migration, and gendered oppression. Similarly, in Desirable Daughters, Tara’s journey from tradition-bound Indian daughter to independent woman in America highlights the tensions between inherited values and individual freedom. Both narratives showcase the protagonists’ resistance to static definitions of womanhood and cultural identity, advocating instead for fluid, self-determined modes of being. The study argues that Mukherjee’s fiction reconfigures the immigrant woman not as a passive subject of cultural assimilation but as an active agent in redefining selfhood. By tracing their quests for identity and dignity, the research underscores the centrality of female voices in contemporary diasporic literature and contributes to broader discourses on gender, migration, and postcolonial identity formation
Pandemic As Metaphor: Reading Ecofascism Through Albert Camus’s The Plague
No full textThe aim of this article is to read Albert Camus’s The Plague through the lens of emerging ecofascism in the years following the COVID-19. The article will henceforth navigate the ways in which fiction with specific reference to Albert Camus’s The Plague has been an anchorage to understand the world as it goes through a time of raging COVID-19 and the resultant social and emotional dislocation. It tries to chart out the role of fiction to cope with horrors of pandemic and to understand the underlying problems in a globalized worldview, both literally as well as metaphorically. Finally, the paper will also examine the ways work of art, especially fiction, helps mankind to underpin empathetic and psychological bonding in isolation during the times of a pandemic and ecofascism
Fictionalizing Realities Against the Supremacist Global Order: Roy and Adiga’s Literary Counter to Neo-Imperialism
No full textIn an era when old empires resurface under new guises, neo-imperialism shapes global geopolitics through overt aggression, economic control, and cultural erasure. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Western debates over strategic territories like Greenland, and Canada’s resource disputes with Indigenous communities reveal that imperial ambitions still exist, cloaked in modern rhetoric. Operating through economic dependency, digital dominance, and ecological exploitation, today’s empires marginalize subaltern voices while perpetuating systemic inequities. Against this scenario, contemporary Indian novels emerge as potent forms of resistance. Authors like Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga reveal the human cost of global capitalism using stories of migration, urban relocation, caste persecution, and neoliberal disillusionment. Roy’s poetic activism and Adiga’s keen sarcasm formulate a counter-narrative that questions the ideological foundations of neo-imperialism. Their literature questions the global system while also envisioning multiple, equitable futures. In their hands, the narrative transforms into a courageous indirect political act