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Reading Religious Literature and the Legitimacy of Misunderstanding: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
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Reading religious literature according to one’s own cultural and literary experience without accepting the meaning that is being offered yields no fruitful appreciation. The problem is not the individual rather social and historical. The alien readers imagine a question and look for an answer in the text from another culture, and come up with a misreading as a solution to their questions. These acts of misreading and misunderstanding are mechanisms with which literary productions and literary reception can be dialectically and dialogically mediated between different cultural and literary traditions. To misread the ‘other’ is for many a way of exposing a kind of ideological truth in one’s own literary and cultural tradition. This paper tries to throw light on how misunderstanding is the natural result of a cultural dialogue between readers of different cultures who try to attempt to analyse in the light of their own specific place and time in history and at the same time this ‘misunderstanding’ becomes the only way to understanding particularly in a cross-cultural literary study
The Decline of Moral Values in the Jazz Age as Reflected in Fitzgerald's The Beautiful and Damned
Get PDFThe Beautiful and Damned, first published by Scribner's in 1922, is F. Scott Fitzgerald's second novel. It provides a portrait of the Eastern elite during the Jazz Age, exploring New York café Society. As it is in his other novels, Fitzgerald's characters are complex, especially in their marriage and intimacy relationships. The book is believed to be largely based on Fitzgerald's relationship and marriage with Zelda Fitzgerald
Traits of Mysticism in The Guide
Get PDFMysticism is the union with or absorption into the Deity or the absolute, or the spiritual apprehension of knowledge inaccessible to the intellect. It may be attained through contemplation and self-surrender. It is also realized as an active and passive process. Mysticism is also described as a faculty and tendency that is instinctive and inherent to all persons. It leads the individual towards knowledge, love, meaning, serenity, hope, transcendence, wellness and wholeness. Mysticism is one's character or quality that makes one rise above and go beyond the barriers of worldliness, caste, creed and sensuality and become conscious of one's union with the Truth. The present paper aims to explore the traits of mysticism in R.K. Narayan’s novel The Guide
Man-Woman Relationship in Anita Nair’s Lessons in Forgetting
Get PDFThe research paper aims to explore the relationship between man and woman in the patriarchal society in Anita Nair’s Lessons in Forgetting. The work of Nair in Lessons in Forgetting is an example of feminine writing which portrays the stories of women facing different issues existing in a patriarchal society like gender discrimination, love, betrayal, female feticide, family responsibilities etc. The novel also explains how these women come out of their shells to rebel and live life in their own way. In fact, the works of women writers like Anita Desai, Githa Hariharn, Sashi Deshpande and Anita Nair focus on challenging and rebellious attitude of women against the odds of the patriarchal society. Lessons in Forgetting is a story about grabbing the second chance in life without any hesitation. Meera, the protagonist and other female characters face betrayal from their husband and are bound to think what comes next. The novel is a story of two individuals who manage to overcome their bitter past to start a new life. The writer also talks about another female character in the novel named Kala Chiti who also accepted the challenges of life. Her husband left her because she could not bear a baby and married to another lady. Kala Chiti did not think this as the end of her life rather she opted for a fresh beginning
Ethics without God in the Novels of Mulk Raj Anand
Get PDFAnand’s fiction may appropriately be called literature of ‘ethics without God’ a literature of protest, a kind of literature which he holds in high esteem because it strikes hard at the roots of sectionalism, snobbery, contempt, etc., which cause the modern man’s degeneration and despair. His creative writing are doubtless saturated with the element of ethics which is inalienably related to his view of life. A large number of critical studies are available on Mulk Raj Anand, the Titan of Indian English literature and pioneer of Indian English novel. But much remains to be done to bring out exhaustive and composite work on this subject. The present study is a sincere endeavor to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of ‘Ethics without God’ in his novels. It also aims at presenting an organic character of his fiction and proper appreciation of Anand’s genius
Communication Skill: An Indispensable Element for Engineers
Get PDFCommunication skills are indispensable element in the education of engineering students to facilitate not just student’s education but also to prepare them for their future careers. It requires the use of integrated methods to facilitate advanced communication skills, which is the demand of industry as well as society. It is essential to stimulate not only their education, but also to prepare them for the challenging and competitive job market. Apart for their expertise in the technical skills, they must be well-versed in communication skills, in which universities can play a significant role to shape the future engineers to cope with the growing demand of interacting as well as writing skills. The objective of this paper is to measure the contemporary scenario of the technical world and significance of communication in it
Aristotle’s Poetics: Revisiting the Legends of Research
Get PDFResearch from the time of Plato to this day has passed through several phases and stages, which are interconnected in various subtle and complex ways. The present article aims to revisit these phases at a glance from sixteenth century to the present age. The starting point in this historical survey is naturally a brief reference to its fountain head, namely the literary criticism in antiquity. It basically falls into three heads- 1. Hellenic Period, 2. Hellenistic Period, and 3. Graeco Roman period. Among these, Hellenic period is most significant both intrinsically and historically. In this crucial phase Athens is the most important centre and Plato and Aristotle are the most distinguished and outstanding exponents. Friends the problem of literature and Art is- i. What literature ought to be? ii. What it really is
The Philosophy of Gandhi and the Changing World of Today With Special Reference to “My Experiments With Truth”
Get PDFThe moment the image of Gandhi comes before our eyes, certain questions arise in our minds: In what way does Gandhi have his relevance in the world today and to come? How can Gandhian thoughts influence today’s generation? How can the world of today be benefited by what is called Gandhism? As a matter of fact, Gandhian philosophy is something which has its relevance today and will have its relevance in the time to come. The whole life of Gandhi was like a pilgrimage. He was a Mahatma in its true sense and spirit. The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi still keeps on influencing the generation of today by his philosophical thoughts whether it is his pacifism or truth and non-violence or satyagrah or vegetarianism or bramhcharya. It is really interesting to observe that this Mahatma, this half necked man sitting on a prayer mat shook off the British rule from India by sheer spiritual power. It really confirms that to understand the life and philosophy of Gandhi and its relevance today and in future is not an easy task. One will have to spend hours and hours in going through all this. Today in a world where we get up in the morning and read in newspapers and watch in news channels how the society we live in is altogether in grip of what we term as inhumanity, animality, cruelty and many others, we surely sometimes feel the indispensable and urgent need of Gandhi and his preaching. We dream of a world which is characterized by such ideals as liberty, equality, fraternity on the one hand and peace, truth and non-violence on the other. This is itself a clear proof how Gandhian philosophy rules our lives, our world
Lucknow: A Living Charm in the Modern Age: A Journey through the Lens of Cinema
Get PDFCultures take centuries to evolve, but fade away faster than we think. Lucknow has been sighing for over a century and a half, but somehow it is only recently that modern communication and tourism has begun to question its sad state, through which nostalgia has begun to emerge larger than life, as a saviour of this celebrated region. Cultures, as we would like to feel them will survive when we grow out of magnified visual ugliness and horrific amplified sounds. Cultures speak to the heart and any imposition through amplified sound as in modern India is a sure way of ringing in their death knell. Hindi films, Indian politics and religion are solely responsible for this mindless assault on our sensibility and whatever that remains of our acquired refinement
Iris Murdoch’s Bruno’s Dream: A Phantasmagorid World
Get PDFThe celebrated philosopher-novelist, Iris Murdoch, has made an extensive use of classical mythology to elaborate her central themes of Love and Goodness in almost all her novels beginning from Under the Net (1954). However, her 12th novel, Bruno's Dream (1969) is a unique work in as much as in it she has projected her views on life and death through the Indian myths of Maya and Shiva/Parvati. Bruno, the central character of the novel, is an ugly and repulsive old man, yet he stands as the focal point of love and forgiveness in the fabric of the story. Through his example the other characters undertake a moral pilgrimage, and rediscover love and meaning in their lives