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Gender Inequality and Male Hegemony in Kiran Nagarkar’s Seven Sixes Are Forty Three
Get PDFGender discrimination is subject to the history of this whole universe. In the male dominant society the ratio of facing gender bias and patriarchy may differ but no one in this universe is untouched by this fact. Male hegemony has always been inspected as a dominant figure throughout every corner of society and women’s from their very birth are taught and pressurized to follow this cultural biased gender inequality. Without trying need and importance to understand that society is incomplete and baseless without women and no society or country can ever progress without the active participation of women in its social, cultural and economic activities. The main cause of gender discrimination arises due to deep rooted desire to gain power and feeling insecure of others because the male dominated society deliberately constitutes the policies and regulation forcing women to stay in four boundaries of home and remain stereotype and weak as compared to men
Therapeutic Effects of Poetry During Lockdown: Using Catharsis and Expressive Art Theory in Context to Students and Women
Get PDFPoetry is a personal expression of experiences and repressed feelings put into words. It can be a therapeutic and cathartic process for people struggling with psychological issues. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the governments to shut down the economies and enforce lockdowns. When this fear of a virus, the anxiety of uncertainty, and broadcasting of deaths on news channels began, the ability of the brightest minds to comprehend the situation started failing them. The usage of social media added to the troubles of the youth. In such a situation, people started going back to their areas of interest, this included attempts to go back to the love of painting, singing, reading writing, etc. Writing, specifically taken, helped people express their repressed feelings during tough times. This paper attempts to find the answers to 3 questions; (i) How poetry brought out the repressed emotions of people stuck at home during lockdown? (ii) For people who write poetry, does it become an involuntary response when they are disturbed? (iii) Are all types of poetry therapeutic? The psychological state of mind of people during lockdown and the change in their behaviour after writing poetry will be analyzed through the expressive theory of art and catharsis
An Ecology and Eco-Criticism in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide
Get PDFIn recent times, literary writers have been drawn to the hitherto ignored strong interactive relationship between humans and nature. This relationship throws light upon the study of ecology and eco-critical reading. Now, literary writers focus upon the major environmental issues in their writing to highlight the problems of ecosystem. Amitav Ghosh is one of them. His novel The Hungry Tide is set in the Sundarbans meaning “Beautiful forest” which comprises of more than ten thousand square kilometers, the tide country- narrates the history of the forced evaluation of refugees from the island of Morichjhapi. Environmentalism and Destabilisation are some of the predominant themes in the novel. In this novel the physical environment is a representation of an active force that connects the plant, animal and human life together and one is affected by the other directly or it indirectly. The goal of my paper is to attempt an ecological analysis and the eco-critical reading of Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide
An Inspiration to Womanhood through the poems of Kamala Das and Maya Angelou
Get PDFHistory reveals that the girls and women had been kept in darkness from ages. They had no right to enjoy their fundamental rights. Women had been treated as inferior to men. They were tortured, suppressed, humiliated, and sexually harassed in all the fields. They were, not respected, and given importance and marginalized politically, economically, socially, culturally and emotionally. The condition of women had been very pathetic and, where rape, female foeticide, infanticide, dowry deaths and various kinds of exploitation were happening almost every day. The women were considered as a sexual object and to take care of the family over the years in the history. But gone are the days, where women were known by her husband’s name or by the name of the family. Now women are educated equal to men. Women can get empowered in their own choices by selecting their own jobs, own life partners, own places to study, and professions etc. They are working in all the fields and in every profession. They are in good positions in their work places. They are recognised by the society. They achieve many things and do wonders in their work places. They have become policy makers in their work places. They are recognised and respected in the family since they are working and earning money and taking care of their family. You can find women as president, chief minister, prime minister, director, principal, pilots, astronomers etc. Women have freedom to make their own choices. And now they have so many facilities announced by the governments where they can enjoy their freedom. Since there are special laws relating to women empowerment in favour of women, they feel free to enjoy their fundamental rights. This paper throws light on how women were leading their lives in the past and how they are leading their lives in the 21st century through the selected poems of Kamala Das and Maya Angelou. Both have been marginalized and subordinated, but difference lies between the way, they were victimized
The ‘Changing Status’ of Women w.r.t. Gentrified Urban Spaces of Mumbai
Get PDFReinforcement of inequality and rise in human conflict across society, culture, political economy and gender relations is a characteristic feature of globalisation which is an apparent process of development. This inequality becomes more evident in a globalising city like Mumbai because the capitalist expansion within Mumbai has been defragmented and worrisome. Girangaon in Mumbai (spread over E, F and G wards within MCGM- Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) is a case reflecting a similar inconsistency because this is a core area which has been undergoing so called urban renewal since the closure of cotton textile mills since 1980s. More livelihood opportunities in Mumbai have been created in the informal tertiary sector as compared to the formal traditional occupations. Urban poverty, income disparities and deprivations are issues which remain unaddressed. Women who are an important part of the urban economy and who remain behind the veils when it comes to assessment and calculation of real income are not left behind from this brunt. The present paper therefore is an attempt to understand the participation and contribution of women in Mumbai’s economy. It also tries to study whether there has been any change in the socio-economic status of women from Girangaon especially with two important processes- closure of mills and the initiation of gentrification. For this purpose a questionnaire survey was conducted in Girangaon and the collected data has been analysed qualitatively to understand the dynamics of capital and gender relations
Gender Discrimination and Marital Discord in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terrors
Get PDFGender discrimination is a universal issue that results in women’s predicament. From time immemorial women become victims of gender disparities. It starts with one’s own family. The present paper explores the crisis of gender discrimination and marital discord in the life of the protagonist in particular and Indian women in general. As a Child Sarita, the Protagonist tolerates gender discrimination and as a grown-up after her marriage due to marital discontentment. In this paper, many gender issues are explored which in due course of time decrease the moral spirit of women and make them weak and subordinate. Although Sarita is an educated and economically independent woman still she silently suffers. When it crosses limits she raises her voice to assert her self-esteem
Reading Skill: A Key to the Development of Language Acquisition
Get PDFEvery human being more or less wants to express something to somebody for which one needs a language. Some expressions of poets, singers, artists, writers, social workers, leaders, politicians and philosophers are placed in printed materials - newspaper, periodicals, journal, magazines and above all books by means of language for future generations to come. Moreover, the same thing in same language can be expressed by different people in different ways in various places. Thus the scope of language gets enlarged day by day coming contact with other languages as the river gets widened running continually over years accompanied by other small drains, rivulets etc. Needless to say, unfathomable is the depth of language that cannot be measured in a single day or effort. The vast arena of language may be cultivated by the habit of constant reading which involves both speaking & listening skills. By reading one move in the world of language. One cannot acquire the use of language unless and until one is exposed to it. It is the style of language that helps the speaker to attract and win everybody’s heart. This paper examines how language skills are cultured by reading activity. It also explores possible ways of how reading skill, firstly; enriches the readers with profound vocabulary, secondly; enables them to use language with clarity, accuracy and fluency, and last but not the least; makes the speakers well communicative, interactive, and economic in effective use of language. Lack of language creates a communication gap and this small gap invites a massive misunderstanding which very often spoils unity, integrity, brotherhood among the users, and after all makes human beings dumb and dull. 
The Dynamics of Binodini’s Character in Rabindranath Tagore’s Chokher Bali
Get PDFChokher Bali is considered as one of the best-known works of Rabindranath Tagore. The novel is a character-based work which is completely progressive in its essence. Binodini, the protagonist, is personification of intellect, grace, femininity, commitment and skills. She is a woman of desire in spite of being a widow. She is dreamer but at the same time deeply attached with her roots and reality. The dynamics of her character, the subtle nuances which she depicts are the epitome of aesthetic development in a character for the need of the plot. She rebels and out rightly rejects the paradigm of widowhood set by the patriarchy. The way Tagore portrays her character even the negatives, the flaws, the shortcomings in Binodini, appear to be very natural and spontaneous. Widowhood is all about seclusion and loneliness and the character of Binodini is all about debunking and shattering the myths related to widowhood. This paper is an attempt to focus on the artistic character of Binodini and realism attached with her aspirations
Role of Motivation in English Language Learning: A Real Challenge
Get PDFOne of the most important Laws of Learning is the Law of Readiness. It is a big challenge for the teachers to kindle a strong desire in pupils to learn English Language swiftly which is not their Native Language. Motivation plays a very important role in the process of learning a Language. Intrinsic Motivation is a kind of motivation that comes from inside. Extrinsic Motivation emanates from external pressures such as essential for job or any other obligation. The differential success of ESL learner proffers us to examine the strategies utilized by successful Language Learners. The teachers can help students improve their performance laying more focus on learning strategies which proved fruitful. Language teachers can effectively teach by virtue of developing interest in students for Language Learning. Passion is very key to Motivation. Passion establishes a link between intrinsic goals and aspirations. Successful Language Learning can be achieved by means of passion. The role of ELT teacher is to devise ways and means to connect to this Passion. Learners need quality instruction, feedback, interaction and chance to have progress and to maintain Motivation for Language Learning as well. A good instructor must utilize the sources of Intrinsic Motivation to establish a connection with Extrinsic factors that can be brought to a classroom setting. It is also very significant for instructors to identify student’s motives and needs etc and thereby evolving proper motivational strategies. Motivation may erode during designing a Language course. The Teachers have to bear in mind that Learners differ in interest expectations from one another
Diasporic Sensibility in Mistress of Spices by Chitra Banerjee
Get PDFDiaspora is a sort of displaced and dispossessed community or culture in different cultural setup. Various issues emanate from diaspora as ethnicity, migration, incompatibility and identity crisis etc. In recent times, a gaggle of Indian women writers have left their indelible mark on the sand of Diasporic Literature, some of the distinguished names are: Bharati Mukherjee, Kiran Desai, Meera Alexander, Jhumpa Lahiri, Geete Mehta, Suneeta Peres de Coasta and Chita Banerjee Divakaruni etc. These writers have enriched Diasporic literature with their invaluable versatile writings by portraying the immigrant experiences. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has cemented a secure place at the Parnassus of South Asian Diasporic literature. Deeply rooted in cultural ethos, Divakaruni’s novels weave around myth, magic, reality, cross cultural impact, customs, and identity crisis etc. The novel The Mistress of Spices (1997) presents diasporic sensibility exploring and identifying the various kinds of problems faced by immigrants. The people come from different countries born and brought up in different cultural background and lose sheen in the glamour of pell-mell of western civilisation craving for identity. The paper is a humble attempt to explore the diasporic sensibility and gauge the immigrant experiences felt by the writer and carried through the characters of the novel forward