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Nanocarriers and Curcumin in Blueberry Shelf-Life Management: <i>In Vitro</i> Preliminary Antibacterial Effect
No full textBlueberries are very perishable, with fungi and bacteria affecting their spoilage along all the supply chain. No studies considered up to now the application of curcumin-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) or curcumin nanocrystals (NCs) to maintain their freshness. The aim of this preliminary work was to evaluate these two nanoformulations in terms of their in vitro antimicrobial effect against blueberry bacterial microbiota and establishing a quick-answer protocol in vitro in Petri plates. The effect was tested under three different light conditions (dark environment, blue LED and white LED). Results show that the presence of a lighting step (blue LED or white LED) after the microorganisms have been in contact with NBs and NCs was fundamental to activate the nanostructure and obtain a positive answer as inhibition halo. Notably, in relation to NBs, blue light significantly increased the antimicrobial potential compared to white LED; moreover, a curcumin concentration-dependent effect was highlighted (50 µg/mL with respect to 25 µg/mL). No significant differences were presented applying NCs. The results obtained from this preliminary study pointed out the sensitivity of bacteria from blueberry microbiota to NBs and NCs containing curcumin, nevertheless further research should be carried out to evaluate the in vivo applicability of the nanotechnologies
Generalised spatial autocorrelation coefficients
No full textThe article focuses on properties generalised to the multidimensional case of known coefficients of spatial correlation. The main result of the work is the decomposition of the introduced generalised autocorrelation coefficients into the sum of ordinary autocorrelation coefficients, but calculated on the basis of the principal components of the originally observed multidimensional variable. The development is illustrated with an empirical example. The coefficients provide a more detailed description of the spatial relationships of a set of variables defined in a population
Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid excitation generator with a paralel magnetic circuit based on the coupling of dual optimization algorithms
No full textThe coaxial parallel magnetic circuit dual-rotor hybrid excitation structure generator exhibits several advantages, including high output performance, a wide adjustment range, and excellent stability. This study introduces a topology for a parallel magnetic circuit hybrid excitation generator (PMC-HEG) that utilizes a combination of permanent magnet and electrical excitation. It features salient pole rotors and claw pole rotors, with the latter embedded with permanent magnets, sharing a common stator. The analysis of the rotor magnetic field is conducted using both the equivalent magnetic circuit method and the subdomain method. Through an examination of the generator’s electromagnetic performance, key rotor parameters related to optimization objectives are identified. Finite element simulation analysis is performed on the rotor parameters, employing various optimization algorithms to enhance the salient pole and claw pole rotors, focusing on the amplitude of the induced electromotive force and the distortion rate of the induced electromotive force as optimization targets. The final optimized parameter values are obtained. A prototype is fabricated and tested, with experimental results confirming the reliability of the optimization method. The optimized parallel magnetic circuit hybrid excitation generator demonstrates an increase in the amplitude of the induced electromotive force, an improvement in the fundamental wave of the induced electromotive force, a reduction in harmonic distortion rate, and a significant enhancement in overall output performance
Study on the influence of three-phase voltage unbalance on electromagnetic performance and vibration of high-voltage line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor
No full textSince the operation of the high-voltage line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor (HVLSPMSM) does not need the control circuit and is directly powered by the grid, its operating stability is easily affected by the three-phase voltage unbalance. Thus, a 10 kV, 630 kW motor is taken as an example to study the impact of voltage unbalance on its electromagnetic performance and vibration. First, the effect of voltage unbalance on the torque performance of the motor is investigated using the finite element method (FEM), and the variation rules of torque ripple and torque harmonic frequency with voltage unbalance degree are obtained. Then, the analytical expressions of radial electromagnetic force (REF) under normal and unbalanced voltage conditions are derived, and the rules of electromagnetic force variation of different orders and frequencies under rated load and unbalanced voltage conditions are determined, and the analytical results are verified by finite element results. Finally, the motor vibration response characteristics caused by three-phase voltage unbalance are obtained by using modal analysis and vibration harmonic response analysis. The results indicate that the vibration performance of the motor is significantly affected by the threephase voltage unbalance. When the voltage unbalance degree is 6%, a vibration acceleration amplitude of 800 Hz and 900 Hz increases by 18.03% and 78.57%, respectively
Social Trust in Public Administration in Poland – Can You Go Beyond Political Polarisation?
No full textW dyskusji o poprawie funkcjonowania państwa polskiego bardzo rzadko pojawiają się głosy o potrzebie zmian służby cywilnej, instytucji uznawanej za kluczowy element wykonywania przez państwo jego funkcji1 . Rozpoczęcie debaty o rodzaju i zakresie potrzebnych zmian powinno być poprzedzone pogłębioną diagnozą obecnego stanu rzeczy. Przy jej opracowaniu warto pamiętać, że eksperckie kryteria oceny funkcjonowania służby cywilnej, jej efektywności czy wypełniania funkcji w systemach demokratycznych nie mogą abstrahować od ocen opinii publicznej. To właśnie opinie obywateli, dotyczące zarówno usług dostarczanych przez służbę cywilną, jak i zgeneralizowanych społecznych wyobrażeń na temat tej instytucji są często uznawane za kluczowe kryteria oceny. Jednym z najlepszych wskaźników łączących poszczególne składniki społecznych ocen jest zaufanie do służby cywilnej.In the majority of the states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), trust in civil service is higher than trust in government, or in regional and local authorities. For instance, in 2023 in Finland and Ireland 60% of citizens declared their trust in civil service, while only 45% – in governments. Unfortunately, the OECD report does not provide information about Poland, because the government did not participate in the study. The previous international studies indicated that Poland had the lowest rate of trust in civil service. At the beginning of 2000, only 35% of respondents declared their trust in civil service, and in 1999 – 33% (World Values Survey). A similar level was recorded in Eurobarometer studies. In 2001, 28% of Poles declared trust in civil service, the following year – 34%, and in spring 2003 – 30% of respondents. What makes the knowledge about the social perception of civil service limited, is that civil service is hardly ingrained in social awareness. The Polish survey of 2011 showed that only 40% of respondents knew what civil service was. Among this group, only half knew it was part of public administration, while the others associated it, most frequently, with civil defence or military services. Because of little awareness of civil service, as well as due to the lack of knowledge about its objectives, scope and structure, the Polish polls substituted questions about civil service with questions about public administration
Key Challenges for Public Service in Poland – OECD and European Union’s Standards
No full textJednym z zadań Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju (OECD) jest wspieranie państw członkowskich w osiąganiu jak najwyższego wzrostu gospodarczego i poprawy życia obywateli. Umożliwia ona także regularne spotkania i wymianę doświadczeń między przedstawicielami urzędów odpowiedzialnych za służbę cywilną w wysokorozwiniętych krajach. Wspiera państwa kandydujące do niej i sąsiadujące z Unią Europejską przez Program SIGMA, wspólną inicjatywę OECD i UE, która pomaga w budowaniu nowoczesnej i efektywnej administracji, zdolnej kształtować i wdrażać polityki publiczne, a także prowadzić negocjacje akcesyjne i funkcjonować w UE. To wyzwania, z którymi Polska musiała, z różnym skutkiem, radzić sobie ponad 20 lat temu.In 2009, a report was elaborated on the stability of civil service reforms in the Central and Eastern Europe – five years since ten countries from the region had joined the European Union. The results were clear: the Polish civil service in 2009 lagged behind the EU standards, and forecasts at the time were not optimistic. Twenty years after the accession, our country is still more less in the same position. In the forum of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Poland has been participating in discussions on civil service next to Canada, Estonia and Singapore, yet some of the problems that it still has to solve are similar to those faced by Serbia, Albania or Ukraine. In his article, the author presents the issues that should be covered during discussion on the model of the future public service in Poland
Performing Public Functions Within Public Service – Privacy Protection
No full textW artykule poruszono zagadnienie ochrony prywatności osoby pełniącej funkcję publiczną w ramach szeroko rozumianej służby publicznej. Wskazano, jak obecnie identyfikuje się to pojęcie i kto pełni taką funkcję, a także przesłanki racjonalnego ograniczania prawa do prywatności z perspektywy realizacji prawa dostępu do informacji publicznej (art. 47 i 61 Konstytucji RP). Przybliżono też praktykę orzekania w tego rodzaju sprawach (dotyczących obowiązków i charakteru ochrony) przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny oraz sądy administracyjne.The study discusses the issue of privacy protection of a person performing a public function as part of the broadly understood public service. It calls for attempts to identify how the concept of public service is currently identified and who performs such a function, and also for premises for rational restrictions on the right to privacy – from the perspective of another constitutional right, i.e. the right of access to public information (Articles 47 and 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). Protection of natural persons’ privacy – from the perspective of identifying the very concepts of public service and public function – is not an easy process, and it cannot comprise simple and automatic mechanisms that set actions of each obligated person. At the same time, it is difficult to assume that the legislator would be able to create a system of specific norms that would cover the complexity of the currently functioning solutions in the area of the organisation of the public and legal apparatus itself, the status of its representatives, while specifying the identification of persons (entities) participating in the implementation of public tasks, management of public property, or even the spending of public funds. Therefore, it is worth presenting a way to solve various types of interpretation problems that arise when two constitutional rights colide: the right to privacy and the right of access to public information
Camaldolese Eremi Insulae Vigrensis in 1668-1800
No full textArtykuł ma na celu odtworzenie stanu osobowego eremu kamedulskiego na Wigrach w latach 1668-1800. W publikacji przedstawiono historię Kongregacji Eremitów Kamedułów Góry Koronnej, erygowanie eremu, zasady przyjmowania kandydatów oraz przygotowanie kamedułów do kapłaństwa. Ostatnim akordem istnienia eremu wigierskiego była jego kasata w 1800 r. Nowością publikacji jest sporządzenie listy kamedułów przebywających w eremie wigierskim.The aim of this article is to attempt to reconstruct the personnel of the Camaldolese hermitage at Wigry in the years 1668-1800. The publication presents the history of the Congregation of Camaldolese Hermits of Góra Coronna, the principles of accepting candidates and preparing Camaldolese for the priesthood, as well as the dissolution of the Wigry hermitage in 1800. The novelty of the publication is the preparation of a list of Camaldolese monks residing in the Wigry hermitage during the years of its existence
Party Lines and Stress Signs: Demographic Effects on Political Orientation and Academic Struggles
No full textStudents in today’s universities encounter a variety of stressors that can affect their level of academic engagement. Understanding the influence of individual characteristics on students’ levels of stress and academic engagement can help universities develop effective strategies to support their well-being and academic success. This paper explores the dynamics between demographic factors, political orientations, stress, and academic disengagement among first-year undergraduate students in the western U.S. Through a survey administered to 337 students, we found demographic differences in stress levels, political orientations, and academic disengagement. In addition, students’ political orientation mediated the relationship between gender and stress for heterosexual students, but not for sexual minorities. We discuss implications for theory and practice