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Humans and Artificial Intelligence Bots in Modern Projects
No full textW artykule autor analizuje wpływ integracji botów sztucznej inteligencji (AI) na skuteczność zespołów projektowych. Główne cele badań obejmują identyfikację wyzwań związanych z wprowadzaniem chatbotów do zespołów, wsparcie rozwoju zawodowego projektantów oraz kwestie etyczne związane z użytkowaniem agentów AI. Autor bada, w jaki sposób boty wpływają na rozwój kompetencji zespołów oraz zmieniają sposób zarządzania projektami. Wnioski wskazują, że sztuczna inteligencja może zwiększyć skuteczność i wydajność projektantów, pod warunkiem odpowiedniego zarządzania zmianą, budowania zaufania i stosowania standardów etycznych. Podkreślono również konieczność przyjęcia odpowiedzialności przez ludzi lub organizacje za decyzje podejmowane przez modele AI oraz znaczenie ciągłego rozwoju umiejętności technicznych i miękkich projektantów, aby maksymalnie wykorzystać potencjał tej technologii w nowoczesnych projektach.This article analyzes the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) bots on the performance of project teams. The main research objectives include identifying challenges associated with the implementation of chatbots in teams, supporting the professional development of designers, and addressing ethical issues related to the use of AI agents. The author examines how AI bots influence the development of team competencies and transform project management processes. The findings suggest that AI can significantly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of designers, provided that change management, trust-building, and adherence to ethical standards are responsibly implemented. The need for clear accountability in decisions made by AI systems is also emphasized, along with the importance of continuous development of both technical and soft skills to fully leverage the potential of this technology in modern projects
Underwater Laguerre-Gaussian beam propagation and phase compensation method
No full textLaguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams experience phase twist after long-distance transmission, making the orbital angular momentum (OAM) indistinguishable. This phenomenon becomes more severe in water due to the higher refractive index. Based on the physical principles of LG beams, this paper derives the mathematical expression for LG beam transmission in water to address this issue. It organizes and analyses the physical significance of each term. The exponential term responsible for phase twist is separated and phase compensation is applied to the initial LG beam. Simulation results show that after transmission through water, traditional LG beams exhibit a clockwise twisted distribution of isophase lines. By applying the phase compensation method proposed in this paper, the phase of the initial LG beam is modulated and when the LG beam reaches the observation plane, the isophase lines become straight, verifying the effectiveness of the method. This compensation method holds significant value for LG beams in advanced physics research
Political economy of special economic zones location in Poland
No full textAim/purpose – This article’s main objective is to empirically assess the role of political representation in determining the spatial location of SEZs in Poland in the late 1990s. In particular, we test the main hypothesis, postulating that the location of SEZs was more likely to occur in regions with a stronger political representation of the ruling party. Design/methodology/approach – To study the role of political representation in determining the location of SEZs in Poland in the 1995-1997 period, we use statistical data for the former 49 Polish regions and estimate the probit model with and without controlling for a number of regional characteristics. Findings – We found that the political representation variable was an important determinant of the location of the SEZs in Poland. In particular, our estimation results showed that the likelihood of the SEZ location in a specific region was positively affected by a stronger political representation of the ruling party in that region. Research implications/limitations – The study’s main limitation is its focus on a single country only: Poland. Originality/value/contribution – This is the first empirical study devoted to the role of political representation in the location of SEZs in general and in Poland in particular
Arkady Publishing House – over 65 years of presence on the map of Poland and Warsaw
No full textThe Warsaw publishing house Arkady was established in May 1957. The publishing house has been active continuously for over 65 years and undoubtedly holds its rightful cultural place in the Warsaw and the country of Poland. Not many publications have been dedicated to Arkady so far. This article will discuss the history of the publishing house, based on available sources and interviews with employees which were published in industry magazines about book market. Arkady gained popularity thanks to its diverse selection of publications which the author will also address. Almost all books published by Arkady are related to the art and have their loyal audience. Arkady was founded as a state-owned publishing house and continued to develop during the politically challenging 90s, a period when many publishers collapsed due to economic difficulties. Despite the challenges within the publishing market, Arkady sustained its operations and continues to function today as a limited liability company
Abandoned libraries in the Warsaw ghetto 1942–1944. German librarians’ plans
No full textW getcie warszawskim (1940-1943) w szczytowym momencie żyło ok. 450 tys. ludzi. Wielu z nich posiadało biblioteki domowe. Działały również księgarnie i wypożyczalnie publiczne, oprócz tego kwitł uliczny handel antykwaryczny. Wszystkie te książki pozostały na terenie getta po wywózce ich właścicieli do obozów zagłady i – ostatecznie – po powstaniu w getcie, liczbę tych woluminów szacuje się na ok. 500 tys.
Niemiecki bibliotekarz Wilhelm Witte, komisaryczny kierownik trzech największych bibliotek warszawskich, zaproponował władzom getta, iż pozbiera porzucone książki i przechowa je w budynku byłej Głównej Biblioteki Judaistycznej przy ul. Tłomackie. Okazało się to jednak prośbą nierealną, gdyż SS przejęło wszelkie pozostałe dobra żydowskie, jak również budynek Biblioteki i odmówiło Wittemu jakiegokolwiek dostępu do tych książek. W ten sposób książki mieszkańców getta uległy całkowitemu zniszczeniu w jego ruinach.At its peak, approximately 450,000 people lived in the Warsaw Ghetto (1940–1943). Many of them had home libraries. There were also bookshops, public lending libraries, and a thriving street trade in antiquarian books. All of these books remained in the ghetto after their owners were deported to extermination camps, and eventually, after the ghetto uprising, the number of these volumes is estimated to be around 500,000.
The German librarian, Wilhelm Witte, commissary manager of three of Warsaw’s most significant libraries, offered to the ghetto authorities to collect and store the abandoned books in the former Main Judaic Library building on Tłomackie Street. However, this turned out to be an unrealistic request, as the SS had seized all remaining Jewish possessions as well as the Library building and denied Witte any access to these books. Thus, the books of the ghetto’s inhabitants were destroyed in the ghetto’s ruins
On the distribution of distance signless Laplacian eigenvalues with given independence and chromatic number
No full textFor a connected graph of order , let be the distance matrix and be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of . The distance signless Laplacian (dsL, for short) matrix of is defined as , and the corresponding eigenvalues are the dsL eigenvalues of . For an interval , let denote the number of dsL eigenvalues of lying in the interval . In this paper, for some prescribed interval , we obtain bounds for in terms of the independence number and the chromatic number of . Furthermore, we provide lower bounds of , the dsL spectral radius, for certain families of graphs in terms of the order and the independence number , or the chromatic number
The Elephant and the Issue of Revolution, or the Facts and Myths in the New Book of Marcin Zaremba
No full textMonografia Marcina Zaremby omawia te aspekty polityki i przemian społecznych lat siedemdziesiątych w Polsce, które w jego odczuciu przyczyniły się do powstania i siły „Solidarności”. Chwaląc nowatorstwo syntezy i rozmach badań, wskazuję jednak również słabsze strony książki, w tym wybiórcze podejście do kwestii pamięci o epoce i brak refleksji na temat legitymacji komunizmu w PRL.The monograph of Marcin Zaremba discusses the aspects of politics and social changes of Poland in 1970s, which in his opinion contributed to the formation and power of “Solidarity.” While praising the novelty of the synthesis and the vigour of research, I also point out the weaknesses of the book, including the selective approach to the issue of the memories of the era and the lack of reflection on the legitimacy of communism in the Polish People’s Republic
The Serfdom as a Labour Market Mechanism in the Pre-Partition Poland
No full textW artykule omówiono praktyczne funkcjonowanie poddaństwa w Rzeczypospolitej przedrozbiorowej, ujęte jako element regulacji i kontroli rynku pracy. Jego mechanizm działał przede wszystkim na poziomie poszczególnych dóbr. Istniała formalna możliwość zarówno wchodzenia, jak i wychodzenia z poddaństwa. Poddaństwo pomagało w zapewnieniu stabilnego poziomu wiarygodnej siły roboczej wobec nasilonej ruchliwości społecznej, elastycznie dopasowującej się do bieżącej sytuacji gospodarczej.The article discusses the practical functioning of the serfdom in the pre-partition Poland recognised as an element of regulation and control of the labour market. Its mechanism worked primarily at the level of individual goods. There existed a formal possibility of both entering and quitting serfdom. The serfdom helped in providing a stable level of reliable labour force in the face of increased social mobility, flexibly adjusting to the current economic conditions
The significance of research on the graphematic system of contemporary Polish for future changes in spelling rules
No full textArtykuł stanowi przegląd kluczowych zagadnień związanych z systemem grafematycznym współczesnej polszczyzny. Omówiono problem identyfikacji najmniejszej jednostki systemu grafematycznego, wskazując, że grafem – jako abstrakcyjny odpowiednik fonemu – pełni tę funkcję w polskiej ortografii. W dalszej części przedstawiono analizę liczby grafemów fonemograficznych. Szczególne miejsce poświęcono zjawisku alografii, czyli występowaniu wariantów graficznych jednego grafemu. Podkreślono, że w polszczyźnie współczesnej alografia ma ograniczony, lecz zauważalny zakres. Kolejnym zagadnieniem było rozstrzygnięcie, czy polska ortografia ma rzeczywiście charakter „fonetyczny”. W ostatniej części artykułu zaproponowano kierunki potencjalnych zmian w polskiej ortografii, które mogłyby uprościć i ujednolicić pisownię. Wskazano, że reformy powinny dążyć do większej spójności z zasadami wymowy oraz eliminacji wyjątków.The article provides an overview of key issues related to the graphematic system of contemporary Polish. It discusses the problem of identifying the smallest unit of the graphematic system, indicating that the grapheme – an abstract equivalent of the phoneme – serves this function in Polish orthography. Furthermore, an analysis of several phonographic graphemes is presented. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of allography, i.e., the existence of graphic variants of a single grapheme. It is emphasized that allography in contemporary Polish has a limited yet noticeable scope. Another issue addressed is whether Polish orthography can truly be described as ‘phonetic.’ In the final part of the article, potential directions for changes in Polish orthography are proposed, aiming to simplify and standardize spelling. It is suggested that reforms should strive for a greater consistency with pronunciation rules and the elimination of exceptions
Head computed tomography examination as a factor of radiation exposure in children treated for hydrocephalus
No full textObjectives
Computed tomography (CT) in children with hydrocephalus is a procedure often performed from the first days of the child’s life. It is important in diagnosing and monitoring treatment progress.
Material and Methods
Based on a retrospective analysis of CT scans, the level of exposure to ionizing radiation in children with hydrocephalus subjected to this study was calculated. The probability of induction and death from leukemia or other cancers as a result of CT scans was also calculated.
Results
The highest exposure is observed in children <1 year of age: M±SD 4.2±0.9 mSv/year. In the following years, this exposure decreases, reaching the level of 0.7±0.1 mSv/year at the age ≥11 years. This is correlated with the probability of induction of leukemia and other cancers, which is highest in the first year of life. In subsequent years, the probability decreases. The probability of dying from these cancers remains at a similar level all the time. By the age of 17 years, a patient with hydrocephalus diagnosed in infancy may receive a total effective dose of almost 21 mSv.
Conclusions
After analyzing exposure over the years, a significant reduction in the number of CT examinations performed and a reduction in the radiation dose received by children was found through the introduction of pediatric CT examination protocols