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Changes in spatial development in the Straconka district (Bielsko-Biała city) in the years 1998-2022
No full textLand-use change analysis is a key tool for studying the effects of planning and economic-political decisions on land-use. The aim of this study was to identify land-use changes in the Straconka district of Bielsko-Biała (southern Poland) using GIS tools. Historical and contemporary orthophotomaps of study area were analysed. Five land use classes were included: roads, loose buildings, compact buildings, green areas, forest areas. The significant changes in the urbanisation of the once typical village, now an integral district of the city of Bielsko-Biała, were demonstrated. In the period from 1998 to 2022, the area of compact development has clearly increased - from 23.2 to 31.2%. A consequence of the urbanisation development was also an increase in the length of hardened traffic routes - from 21.7 to 35.3 km. Due to the densification of development, the proportion of the area occupied by loose housing decreased. Urbanisation has also resulted in a reduction in the area of green spaces - from 27.4 to 14.6%. These were used as meadows for livestock feed. At present, with few exceptions, they are not used for agriculture. They are often areas of a recreational nature, but are just as often subject to uncontrolled forest succession. Forest areas have slightly increased their share in the spatial development structure of the district - from 46 to 49%. This is the result of both forest recovery and deliberate forest cultivation
Association between physical activity changes and risky behaviors among adolescents and young adults in Switzerland — a longitudinal study
No full textPurpose: Recent global studies on physical activity patterns among adolescents indicate that a significant majority fail to meet recommended activity levels, with higher amounts of sedentary behavior in this age group associated with poorer behavioral outcomes. The aim of this longitudinal study is to examine physical activity (PA) changes in a cohort of 1386 15–24-year-olds youth and to evaluate their association with risky behaviours.
Material and methods: Data were retrieved from the first (T1-2015-2016) and third (T3-2017–2018) waves of the GenerationFree study in Switzerland. Respondents were divided into four groups according to PA changes between T1–T3: Actives (16.2%), Increasers (11.3%), Decreasers (15.1%) and Inactives (57.4%). Results are given as relative risk ratios (RRR) using Actives as reference.
Results: One in six was physically active during the studied period. Compared to Actives, Increasers (RRR 2.154) and Decreasers (RRR 1.900) were more at-risk of smoking at T3, and Inactives at T1 (RRR 1.952) and T3 (RRR 2.218). While Decreasers (RRR 0.522) and Inactives (RRR 0.507) had lower odds for alcohol misuse at T1, Decreasers had higher odds at T3 (RRR 2.092). At T3, Inactives were more at-risk of an eating disorder (RRR 1.675). No relationship was found for cannabis use or problematic Internet use.
Conclusions: As PA guidelines are not met by most participants, PA should be promoted actively in adolescents by public health authorities and schools, and risk-taking should be prevent in active young people
The effect of bow training on increasing upper limb muscles in adolescent archery athletes
No full textAchievement in the sport of archery is determined based on the sum of the scores of arrows shot by an athlete hitting the target. This sport requires full concentration and good muscle endurance to support performance in the competition area. Muscle endurance is also influenced by muscle strength, which can be seen from an archery athlete’s composition of muscle mass. This research aims to determine the influence of bow training on upper arm muscle hypertrophy. This research uses a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest approach. The test instrument uses a Seca Body Analyzer and a scale used to measure muscle hypertrophy with a kilogram measuring scale. Participants in this research were 17 archery athletes from Malang City. The results of the research show that based on data analysis, a t-value p-value < 0.05 can be obtained. These results indicate that there is an effect of bow training on muscle mass. Therefore, it can be interpreted that bow training has an effect on arm muscle hypertrophy in adolescent archery athletes in the city of Malang. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is an influence of bow training on upper arm muscle hypertrophy in adolescent archery athletes in Malang City. This can be used as a guideline in creating a training program during competition preparation for archery athletes
Invalidity of the local spatial development plan
No full textThe article is devoted to the issue of the grounds for challenging a local spatial development plan. The case law of administrative courts indicates that there may be many of these grounds, but the most important are a violation of the planning procedure, placing the complainant in a worse position than the owners of other properties covered by the plan, limiting rights to land contrary to the principle of proportionality, or inconsistency of the provisions of the local plan with the provisions of the general plan. However, a common feature of all the grounds is a conflict with the law, i.e. the local plan’s non-compliance with the law. This means that this conflict must be clear in its content, and directly contravene the provision of law. A contradiction of the resolution on the adoption of the local plan due to a violation of generally applicable legal acts constitutes a basis for declaring the local plan invalid. However, the Spatial Planning and Development Act does not specify what violations should be considered significant, therefore the assessment of the gravity of the violation is left to the practice and experience of supervisory authorities and administrative courts. In particular, significant violations include not only exceeding the principles of drawing up a local plan but also exceeding the planning authority of the commune. The latter occurs when the plan introduces property restrictions that are inconsistent with the constitutional principle of equality or the principle of proportionality, and which differentiate the legal position of their owners in relation to neighbouring lands covered by the local plan. The occurrence of at least one of the premises causing a violation of the requirements for the adoption of a local plan will result in its invalidity
Zmieniające się studia, trwałe zasady (które także się zmieniają). Programy studiów dziennikarskich na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim; idee, kwestie praktyczne, studenci i rynek mediów
No full textThe paper discusses the composition, together with education and social premises, of the first official standard curriculum for Polish journalism studies formulated in 2000. It describes the evolution of the programs and pragmatics of journalist education in Poland in the last 25 years in relation to the media market tendencies, the changing concept of university, and international trends in journalism education.Artykuł opowiada o pierwszym oficjalnym minimum programowym studiów dziennikarskich w Polsce po roku 1989, jego zawartości oraz założeniach edukacyjnych i społecznych, jakie stały za jego sformułowaniem w roku 2000. Opisuje ewolucję programów oraz pragmatyki edukacji dziennikarskiej w Polsce w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat, na tle tendencji rynkowych, zmieniającej się koncepcji uniwersytetu oraz trendów w edukacji dziennikarskiej na świecie
Do women have a voice (?) – women in opinion-forming news services: <i>Wiadomości</i> and <i>Fakty</i>
No full textArtykuł ma na celu ukazanie widoczności kobiet w mediach. To zagadnienie jest bardzo istotne, ponieważ media nadal odgrywają dużą rolę w kształtowaniu społecznego obrazu kobiet, a jednocześnie są narzędziem, które może się przyczynić do zmiany stereotypów i promowania bardziej zrównoważonej reprezentacji płci w debacie publicznej. Aby to zbadać, zastosowałam analizę zawartości dwóch ogólnopolskich serwisów informacyjnych: Wiadomości TVP1 i Fakty TVN (ich głównych wydań) w okresie po wyborach parlamentarnych w Polsce 15 października 2023 roku, w których kobiety były języczkiem u wagi wszystkich partii. W serwisach tych, oprócz częstotliwości występowania kobiet, wzięłam pod uwagę rolę, w jakiej zostały obsadzone kobiety: polityk, ekspert, znana osoba (celebrytka) oraz tzw. „zwykła” osoba, a także jak je przedstawiano, jakie dziedziny reprezentowały i na jakie tematy się wypowiadały.The article aims to show the visibility of women in the media. This issue is very important because the media still play a large role in shaping the social image of women, and at the same time they are a tool that can contribute to changing stereotypes and promoting a more balanced gender representation in public debate. To investigate this, I used a content analysis of two nationwide news services: Wiadomości TVP1 and Fakty TVN (their main editions) in the period after the parliamentary elections in Poland on October 15, 2023. Analysing the opinion-forming news programs, in addition to the frequency of women’s appearances, I took into account the roles in which women were cast: politician, expert, famous person (celebrity) and the so-called “ordinary” person, as well as how they were presented, what fields they represented and what topics they spoke on
Morbid Curiosity: The Driving Force Behind Success of Necromarketing – Analysing Events after Liam Payne’s Death
No full textThis article investigates the interplay between morbid curiosity, necromarketing, and cultural products, using the aftermath of Liam Payne’s death as a case study. The publication of morbid content by TMZ demonstrated the power of necromarketing in attracting attention. Payne’s passing boosted interest in his music, highlighting how tragedy influences cultural consumption and underscoring the psychological allure of the macabre. This paper explores how public fascination with death drives consumer behaviour
Geo-survey as a form of public consultation in spatial planning and development
No full textNiniejsze opracowanie poświęcone jest problematyce wykorzystania geoankiety jako narzędzia partycypacji społecznej w procesie tworzenia aktów planowania przestrzennego. Teza pracy opiera się na stwierdzeniu, że geoankieta jako narzędzie elektronicznej partycypacji społecznej stanowi innowacyjne i efektywne rozwiązanie wspierające proces planowania przestrzennego, umożliwiając włączenie mieszkańców w działania decyzyjne poprzez interaktywne pozyskiwanie danych przestrzennych, co w konsekwencji sprzyja realizacji zasad demokratyzacji, przejrzystości i inkluzywności w administracji publicznej. Powstaje pytanie, w jaki sposób geoankieta realizuje ideę elektronicznej partycypacji społecznej oraz jakie korzyści i ograniczenia wynikają z zastosowania analizowanego narzędzia w praktyce administracyjnej. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie geoankiety jako nowoczesnej formy konsultacji społecznych w planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Autorka zmierza do przedstawienia istoty, zastosowania oraz znaczenia geoankiety jako narzędzia elektronicznej partycypacji społecznej, umożliwiającej pozyskiwanie danych przestrzennych od obywateli. Artykuł podejmuje próbę oceny skuteczności tego narzędzia w kontekście wzmocnienia dialogu społecznego oraz zwiększenia transparentności i efektywności procesów planistycznych. Rozważania zawarte w pracy mają istotne znaczenie dla nauk prawnych, ponieważ przyczyniają się do rozwoju badań nad interakcją prawa z nowoczesnymi technologiami, w tym instrumentami e-administracji i e-partycypacji. Zastosowanie geoankiety w procesie planowania i zagospodarowania przestrzennego ukazuje nowy wymiar konsultacji społecznych, oparty na wykorzystaniu technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych i przestrzennych systemów informacji. W pracy zastosowano metodę dogmatyczno-prawną.The present study is devoted to the issue of use of geo-survey as a tool of public participation in the process of creating spatial planning acts. It is founded on the statement that geo-survey as a tool of electronic public participation offers an innovative and effective solution to support the process of spatial planning, in this way enabling inclusion of residents in decision-making activities through interactive acquisition of spatial data. Consequently, it promotes the principles of democratisation, transparency and inclusiveness in public administration. The question arises how the geo-survey implements the idea of electronic public participation and what benefits and limitations arise from the use of the analysed tool in the administrative practice. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to present the geo-survey as a modern form of public consultation in spatial planning and development. The author aims to discuss the essence, use and importance of the geo-questionnaire as a tool for electronic public participation, enabling collection of spatial data from citizens. She also attempts to assess the effectiveness of this tool in the context of enhancing social dialogue and increasing the transparency and efficiency of planning processes. The consid-erations in the paper are important for legal sciences, as they contribute to the development of research on the interaction of law with modern technologies, including the instrument of e-administration and e-participation. Application of the geo-questionnaire in planning and spatial development process shows a new dimension of public consultation based on the use of information and communication technologies and spatial information systems. The paper uses a dogmatic-legal method
Wiktor I: pierwszy papież i głowa chrześcijańskiej Ecclesiae
No full textArtykuł porusza zagadnienie prymatu papieskiego w starożytności chrześcijańskiej. Opisuje kontrowersję kwartodecymańską II w., w której znaczący udział odegrał Kościół w Rzymie. Na podstawie relacji z jej przebiegu - zaczerpniętej od Euzebiusza z Cezarei - wynika, że biskup Rzymu Wiktor miał świadomość swojej odpowiedzialności jurysdykcyjnej za Kościoły usytuowane poza Rzymem. Oznacza to również, że koncepcja papiestwa funkcjonowała już pod koniec II w., a Wiktor jest pierwszym w historii papieżem w pełnym tego słowa znaczeniu. Stosując metodę indukcyjną w trakcie analizy źródeł patrystycznych, artykuł stwarza syntetyczną wizję sformułowanego w temacie problemu, jednocześnie odpowiadając na pewne kontrargumenty wystosowane przez innych uczonych nie podzielających takiego odczytania faktów historycznych.The article raises the issue of papal primacy in Christian antiquity. It describes the Quartodeciman controversy of the 2nd century, in which the Church in Rome played a significant role. Based on the account of its course - taken from Eusebius of Caesarea - it is shown that the Bishop of Rome, Victor, was aware of his jurisdictional responsibility for Churches located outside Rome. This also means that the concept of the papacy existed already at the end of the 2nd century and Victor is the first pope in history in the full sense of the word. Using the inductive method in the analysis of patristic sources, the article creates a synthetic vision of the problem formulated in the topic, at the same time responding to certain counter-arguments made by other scholars who do not share such a reading of historical facts
Saint Menas in Medieval Georgia
No full textDespite the survival of St Menas’s hagiography in various Georgian iterations and his commemoration in practically all Georgian calendars and martyrologies – both pre-Constantinopolitan and Byzantine – the cult of St Menas was weak in Georgia. To this day, collections of St Menas’s miracles in Georgian await discovery, apart from one miracle discussed near the end of my article. Nonetheless, given the significant role Georgian evidence plays in the study of late antique and mediaeval hagiography and the cult of saints, the article attempts to contextualise the cult of St Menas from the Georgian perspective