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Contemporary challenges in the management of university alumni associations
No full textPolish organizations gathering alumni, functioning as independent bodies, have recently faced several problems including the generation gap, lack of young members, and problems with fundraising. Operating within existing models is no longer effective due to significant social and economic changes that have taken place in their environment. They need to rethink and redesign their strategies. The model presented in the paper identifies the main areas of the change and the directions that the organizations need to follow to ensure their further effective functioning. The research contributes to the discussion on alumni management in Poland. The topic is marginally explored in Polish scientific literature and the perspective of other countries enables application due to specific characteristics. The discussion in the paper is adjusted to conditions specific to Poland and is focused on organizations of a certain type
Intragovernmental governance in South Africa. An analysis of recent jurisprudence
No full textIn the South African local government domain, municipalities' ability to execute legislative and executive powers is vested in municipal councils (section 151(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996). Given the importance of a municipal council from a functionality perspective, any suspension of executive or legislative decision-making powers can impede the realization of municipal councils' constitutional purpose, specifically, the objective to provide democratic and accountable governance to local communities. In recent years, local coalition governments have been seen more frequently, partly due to the number of hang councils in South Africa. Governance suffers because of the resulting volatility caused by political standoffs. The departing premise hereto is that the realization of a democratic and accountable government depends on the degree of functionality of every municipal council. Conversely, in councils, volatility can adversely compromise democratic and accountable governance. During recent years, coalition governments in local government have been seen more frequently, partly due to the number of hung councils in South Africa. This article builds on the legal insight provided in the case of the Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others; All Tshwane Councillors who are Members of the Economic Freedom Fighters and Another v Democratic Alliance and Others; African National Congress v Democratic Alliance and Others [2021] ZACC 34. The authors considered using governance mechanisms to provide better support and guidance to ensure the continuation of democratic and accountable government practices, where fractured coalitions have caused governance fallouts in municipal councils
Long Live the Provincial Governess – Austrian Languages for Special Purposes in GFL Lessons
No full textDie Plurizentrik steht in der germanistischen Wissenschaft bereits auf stabilen Beinen – das Konzept ist verständlich, logisch und klar. Es ist ausgearbeitet, schon etliche Autoren (z. B. Muhr, Utri, Wiesinger) haben mit vielen Aufsätzen/Büchern das Phänomen des österreichischen Deutsch beschrieben, erklärt und verdeutlicht, dass das Österreichische Deutsch weder besser noch schlechter als das in der Bundesrepublik verwendete, sondern als gleichwertig betrachtet werden sollte. Jedoch lassen die notwendigen Implikationen auf die Praxis noch auf sich warten. Dies betrifft Wörterbücher, die Translationstheorie und -praxis (sowohl den theoretischen Unterbau als auch die praktische Anwendung, z. B. auf der Ebene der Europäischen Union), die universitäre Praxis, die Übungen in den Dolmetschinstituten und damit die Translationsdidaktik) sowie den allgemeinen DaF-Unterricht an (polnischen) Schulen auf allen Niveaus und an Universitäten oder Hochschulen. Dieser Beitrag soll einerseits Beispiele für das österreichische Deutsch liefern, um einen Einblick in die Vielfalt der Unterschiede zu geben, und andererseits Vorschläge unterbreiten, wie man diesen begegnen könnte. Selbst auf mittlerem Niveau (z. B. im polnischen Oberstufengymnasium) ist es möglich, den Lernenden grammatische (lexikalische, phonetische, idiomatische und pragmatische) Einheiten zu vermitteln, die diese später im Kontakt mit dem österreichischen Deutsch anwenden können. Fortgeschrittene Lernende (auf universitärer Ebene) sollten dann intensiver mit literarischen oder Fachtexten österreichischer Provenienz arbeiten, um sie auf sprachdidaktischer Ebene oder im Bereich der Translation professionell vorzubereiten.Pluricentrism is already well-established in German studies – the concept is comprehensible, logical, and clear. It has been thoroughly developed, with several authors (e.g., Muhr) having described and explained the phenomenon of Austrian German in numerous essays, emphasizing that it is neither superior nor inferior, but should be regarded as equal. However, the necessary implications for dictionaries, translation studies (both the theoretical basis and practical application, e.g., at the European Union level), university practice (e.g., exercises in interpreting institutes, translation didactics), and general GFL (German as a Foreign Language) teaching in (Polish) schools and universities are still awaited. This article aims to provide examples of Austrian German to off er insight into how diverse the differences can be and to propose suggestions for addressing them. Even at an intermediate level (e.g., in Polish high schools), it is possible to teach learners grammatical, lexical, phonetic, idiomatic, and pragmatic units that they will later be able to use in communication with Austrian German speakers. Advanced learners (at the university level) should engage more intensively with literary and specialized texts of Austrian origin to better prepare for their professional work in language teaching or translation
The green transformation of the state of Saxony in a political science context
No full textThe green transition is one of the dominant issues in public discourse today. The need to abandon conventional energy sources and rapidly develop renewable energy and nuclear power is necessitated by radically changing climatic and environmental conditions, as well as by newly introduced regulations. This process has accelerated as a result of the war in Ukraine and the need for European countries to achieve energy independence. Saxony is a state directly bordering Poland, with similar climatic and historical conditions – it was formerly part of the GDR as part of the Eastern Bloc, just like Poland. For this reason, an analysis of the green transition situation there may be of cognitive value in the context of the challenges facing Poland’s energy transition, which is entering an increasingly advanced stage. The social and political context is particularly important, as the legacy of the GDR is still visible in Saxony and there is a politicisation of transition issues in the area
Heraklit, rzeki i ekosystemy
No full textHeraclitus is interpreted not as holding that rivers exist only on a momentary basis, but as holding that the basis of their identity is problematic. The identity of rivers is discussed through examples, including cases where the identity of rivers depends on the inclusion of one or more of their tributaries, or of none at all. The family-resemblance approach cannot answer questions about the sameness of rivers, answers to which remain far from clear. This may seem unimportant, except that rivers are agreed to be ecosystems, which some hold to have a good of their own and therefore to have moral standing. But the loose nature of their identity, as articulated when the concept of ecosystem was introduced by Sir Arthur Tansley, belies this view. Besides, “the Amazon” matters (enormously) because it is an endangered regional system, liable to morph into a savannah, and thus to trigger a domino effect among other regional systems; this is quite different from an ecosystem consisting of one particular river (or part thereof), or even of its watershed.Interpretacje Heraklita nie wskazują, że rzeki istnieją jedynie chwilowo, ale jedynie, że podstawy ich tożsamości są problematyczne. Tożsamość rzek omówiono na przykładach, włączając przypadki, w których tożsamość rzek zależy od uwzględnienia jednego lub większej liczby ich dopływów lub żadnego z nich. Podejście oparte na podobieństwie rodzinnym nie daje odpowiedzi na pytania o identyczność rzek, odpowiedzi te wciąż pozostają niejasne. Może się to wydawać nieistotne, z wyjątkiem tego, że rzeki są uznawane za ekosystemy, które według niektórych są dobre jako takie i dlatego posiadają moralne odniesienie. Jednak luźny charakter ich tożsamości, wyrażony w momencie wprowadzenia koncepcji ekosystemu przez Sir Arthura Tansleya, zaprzecza temu poglądowi. Ponadto „Amazonka” ma (ogromne) znaczenie, ponieważ jest zagrożonym systemem regionalnym, który może przekształcić się w sawannę i tym samym wywołać efekt domina wśród innych systemów regionalnych; różni się to zupełnie od ekosystemu składającego się z jednej konkretnej rzeki (lub jej części) lub nawet z jej działu wodnego
Investigations of free electrons in doped silicon crystals derived from Fourier transformed infrared measurements and ab initio calculations
No full textThe reflection spectra of n- and p-type silicon crystals doped with phosphorus and boron were measured for the free carrier concentrations of 1.1 · 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ − 1.2 · 10²⁰ cm⁻³ in the far- and mid-infrared range between 20–3000 cm⁻¹ using synchrotron radiation and Fourier transformed infrared technique. Transmittance spectra could be measured for lower sample carrier concentrations from the range studied. The measured reflection spectra were fitted by using the Drude relation and the parameters of free electron conductivity (electron effective mass m* and momentum scattering time ) were obtained for the n- and p-typedoped silicon. Additionally, the calculations of the band electronic structure and the electric conductivity of the crystals were performed in the framework of the density functional theory for different carrier concentrations and temperatures. The study main findings are (1) the substantial decrease of the momentum scattering time and (2) the clear increase of the electron effective mass m* with an increase of the carrier concentrations Nc for both n- and p-type-doped silicon crystals
On collective intelligence in the process of idealization form the perspective of economics and management
No full textTematyka niniejszego artykułu wpisuje się w debatę nad możliwościami poznawczymi w naukach społecznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zastosowania elementów metod eksperckich w metodach izolacji. Konkretnie skupiono się na metodzie delfickiej oraz metodzie idealizacji i stopniowej konkretyzacji. Za cel artykułu przyjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze głoszące: czy zastosowanie metody delfickiej pozwoli na sformułowanie składowych perspektywy ontologicznej, którą można wykorzystać w procesie idealizacji zjawisk z obszaru ekonomii i zarządzania? Realizacja tak postawionego celu ma ukazać, jak można zastąpić, właściwy dla metody idealizacji, mechanizm wyłaniania czynnika naczelnego oparty na dowodzeniu logiczno-abstrakcyjnym (wnioskowaniu niezawodnym), mechanizmem opartym na idei inteligencji kolektywnej (wnioskowaniu nie niezawodnym).The subject matter of this article fits into the debate on cognitive possibilities in social sciences, with particular emphasis on the application of expert methods in isolation methods. Specifically, the focus is on the Delphi and the idealization and concretization methods. The aim of the article is to attempt to answer the research question: Will the use of the Delphi method allow for the formulation of components of an ontological perspective that can be utilized in the process of idealizing phenomena in the field of economics and management? Achieving this objective aims to demonstrate how the mechanism of identifying the principal factor, based on logical and abstract reasoning (reliable inference) inherent in the method of idealization, can be replaced by a mechanism based on the idea of collective intelligence (nonreliable inference)
Stygmatyzacja osób z problemami zdrowia psychicznego w przestrzeni medialnej. Przegląd rekomendacji i dobrych praktyk językowych
No full textDevelopment and Evaluation of <i>Piper sarmentosum</i>-Based Kombucha: Fermentation, Bioactivity, and Sensory Acceptance
No full textPiper sarmentosum, renowned for its bioactive properties, was explored as a material for kombucha production. This study investigated P. sarmentosum-based kombucha (PSK), focusing on its phytochemical content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, anti-amylase effects, and sensory attributes during a 21-day fermentation period. An increase was found in the total flavonoid content (TFC) of PSK from 6.02 mg QE/L at the start to 34.07 mg QE/L after 21 days of fermentation. Similarly, the total phenolic content (TPC) increased from 108.2 mg GAE/L to 266.2 mg GAE/L during the same period. Antioxidant activity of PSK, assessed through DPPH and ABTS assays, reached 0.33 µmol TE/mL and 0.51 µmol TE/mL, respectively, by day 21. While PSK did not show significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, it exhibited increased inhibition against Vibrio cholerae (inhibition zone dimeter of 18.3 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone dimeter of 23.2 mm) by day 14, with a decrease by day 21. Additionally, α-amylase inhibition increased from 10.7% on day 0 to 15.4% on day 21. Sensory evaluations indicated that a 14-day fermentation period optimally balanced sweetness, sourness, and astringency of kombucha. Our study results indicate that P. sarmentosum is a promising substrate for preparing kombucha
