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The Maximian Perspective on Paul: A Reconstruction of the “Works of the Law” in Maximus the Confessor
No full textIn Paul’s “Works of the Law” in the Perspective of Second-Century Reception, Matthew J. Thomas argues that the “Early Perspective on Paul” (EPP) resembles the New Perspective on Paul (NPP) more closely than the Old Perspective on Paul (OPP). Thomas’ conclusion is based on three questions that he poses to the second-century sources; namely, what the works of the law are, what their purpose is, and why are they not necessary to Christians. This article applies Thomas’ question to the most important exegetical works of one of the greatest Byzantine theologians, Maximus the Confessor, and constructs the “Maximian Perspective on Paul.” Maximus’ perspective on Paul is largely similar to Thomas’ reconstruction of the EPP. Interestingly, however, in contrast to the NPP and the EPP, Maximus’ understanding of the works of the law resembles the OPP, since the “works of the law” can refer to all outward works, not just some of the precepts of the Mosaic law
The Culmination of the “Royal Travesty” in the Poetic Imagery of Solomon’s Wedding Procession (Song 3:6–11)
No full textThe description of the wedding procession in Song 3:6–11 is distinguished by the culmination of royal features and its climax in the cyclical poetic development of the theme of the king. It is also the only direct reference to weddings in the Song of Songs. Therefore, the following question has been asked about the content of the culmination of royal metaphors in 3:6–11: What is the relationship between the meaning of the pericope and the wisdom conclusion of the entire Canticle (8:5–7)? The article begins with the cultural context (Sitz im Leben) of weddings, and then arguments are presented in favour of the interpretation of pericope 3:6–11 as a poetic vision of a wedding procession. The literary device of the royal travesty and its use in the Song of Songs (form criticism) are explained. The basic exegetical analysis is preceded by an analysis of the composition of the pericope. It leads to the conclusion that there is a compositional relationship between the pericope under study 3:6–11 and the punch line of Canticle 8:5–7. They reflect the steps in the progression of the message within the cyclical development of its content, so characteristic for the Song of Songs. The study ends with an intertextual analysis of the studied pericope 3:6–11 and the wisdom conclusion of Canticle 8:5–7. A deeper analysis results in the conclusion that the royal travesty of the wedding procession serves as something more than the praise of the nuptials themselves. The bridegroom’s royal travesty is an attempt at a human response to the experienced mystery of the power and splendour of love (mysterium fascinosum) between the bride and bridegroom. The compositional relationship between the pericopes makes it possible to interpret and justify the words of the punch line of Canticle 8:6 as a call to a commitment and oath of nuptial love
Presence of a third party during procedural acts in preparatory proceedings involving a suspect
No full textThe article analyses a new regulation in Polish criminal procedure. The Act of 14 April 2023, amending the Code of Criminal Procedure introduced a new right for the suspect, i.e. the possibility of the presence of a legal representative, actual guardian, or a person indicated by a minor suspect during a procedural act in preparatory proceedings involving the suspect. That person shall have the status of a third party who, although not usually a party to the proceedings, functions as a special person of trust. Despite some reservations concerning certain elements of this regulation, it deserves appreciation, as it is aimed at strengthening the protection of the suspect’s interests and guaranteeing the proper conduct of procedural acts
Halving of an arbitrary departure (Article 338 of the Penal Code and Article 682, paragraph 2, point 2 of the Defence Act)
No full textThe article analyses the type of behaviour of arbitrary separation in terms of its division between criminal law and misdemeanour law. This behaviour has been considered bitype since the entry into force of the Act of 11 March 2022 on Homeland Defence (i.e. since 23 April 2022), but not to its full substantive scope. Halving only applies to the arbitrary leaving of a designated place of residence and does not cover criminal behaviour consisting in the arbitrary leaving of an entity – which should be criticised. In this article, in order to provide a comprehensive approach to the analysed issues, the historical outline of the penalisation of the crime of arbitrary separation is presented, and de lege ferenda tasks are set, the implementation of which will result in, among others: removing the loophole in the law in the form of total impunity for one-off, arbitrary separation of a soldier from their unit, lasting no more than 48 hours, which has been present in the military criminal law system continuously since 1 January 2010, i.e. since the entry into force of the amendment changing, among others, the wording of the provision of Article 338 of the Penal Code
Dopuszczalność sprostowania orzeczenia w postępowaniu nieprocesowym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem postępowania wieczystoksięgowego
No full textW ramach niniejszego opracowania analizie poddano problematykę dopuszczalności sprostowania orzeczenia zapadłego w postępowaniu nieprocesowym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem postępowania wieczystoksięgowego. Wyjaśniono wątpliwości dotyczące charakteru sprostowania usterek wpisu a w dalszej kolejności poddano ocenie charakter prawny rozstrzygnięcia w tym przedmiocie. Z perspektywy prowadzonych rozważań dotyczących dopuszczalności sprostowania orzeczenia w postępowaniu wieczystoksięgowym zwrócono także uwagę na znaczenie powództwa o uzgodnienie treści księgi wieczystej z rzeczywistym stanem prawnym oraz kwestie dotyczącą dopuszczalności sprostowania orzeczenia przez referendarza
Results of immunohistochemical study of markers of inflammation and apoptosis in gingival bioptates in patients with generalized periodontitis
No full textPurpose of the study. Comparison of immunohistochemical indexes of expression of markers of apoptosis and inflammation in gingival bioptates of healthy persons and patients with generalized periodontitis. Research methods. 40 persons aged 32–45 years were studied. They were 30 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of I-II severity and 10 persons with healthy periodontal tissues. For morphological examination, gingival bioptates were used, which were put into 4% solution of neutral formalin during the day and poured into paraffin. Histological sections with a thickness of 4.0–6.0 microns were applied to adhesive slides. After their deparaffinization and rehydration, antigens were demasked in the citrate buffer with pH 6.0 at 121°C for 8 minutes. The activity of endogenous peroxidase was suppressed with 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes. It was studied cytoplasmic expression of markers СОХ-2, caspase-3 and intranuclear expression of markers MMP-1 and p21 (in inflammatory infiltrate), p53 and Bcl-2 (in gingival epithelium). Scientific novelty. At the present stage, the interest is to study the mechanisms of damage of periodontal tissues initiated by the microbial factor, which include direct cytopathic effects, in particular apoptosis and pyroptosis of periodontal epithelial and connective tissue cells. Conclusions. According to the results of the immunohistochemical study of gingival bioptates, there was no difference between the expression of markers of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the marker of apoptosis p53 in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy ones. The most indicative markers of the course of the inflammatory and destructive process in periodontal tissues were markers of inflammation СОХ-2 and MMP-1 and markers of apoptosis caspase-3 and p21, that allows their use for diagnostic purposes in patients with generalized periodontitis
Piotr Żmigrodzki, <i>Polska leksykografia jednojęzyczna pierwszej połowy XX wieku</i>, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, Cracow 2024, pp. 334
No full textThe effect of convergence angle of tooth preparation in patients with general periodontitis according finite element analysis
No full textPurpose of the research. To study the character of displacement and stress distribution after prosthetics of the lower central incisor with the metal-ceramic crown, depending on the convergence angle of preparation and the degree of resorption of alveolar septa using finite element analysis. Research methods. The computer models have been studied using the calculated software complex “Lira 9.6” to reproduce intact (before preparation) and treated teeth, taking into account subsequent imposition of a metal-ceramic crown. Calculations have been made for different convergence angles, from 20 to the maximum possible, for four types of loads (constant from own weight; vertical from food biting off; at an angle of 300 to vertical; at an angle of 450 to vertical) and for different degrees of preservation of alveolar septa: 100%, 75% and 50%. Scientific novelty. It has been established that in the calculated model the increase of the convergence angle of tooth surfaces, as well as the decrease in alveolar septa height, cause the increase in displacements in the biomechanical system “crown – tooth – alveolar bone”, the maximum of which are localized in the neck area of the tooth on its lingual surface. The increase in the angle of preparation causes the increase in stresses in the same area, while the increase in the degree of resorption of alveolar septa results with the displacement of the maximum stress zone from the tooth neck to the apical part of the root. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the need for tooth preparation with the minimum convergence angle of surfaces in patients with general periodontitis. It could prevent the risks of the progression of the pathological process in periodontal tissues due to the increase of stresses and displacements
Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression in Estonia and Latvia: The Role of Agents
No full textEditorial independence and freedom of expression are not self-evident in 21st century European Union. Although the Press Freedom Index monitors the situation on a yearly basis, we ask in the context of two Baltic states – Estonia and Latvia, what the improvement of Latvia’s ranking and deterioration of Estonia’s tells us about freedom of press (FoP) and freedom of expression (FoE) in these two countries. As we differentiate between FoP and FoE in the current article, our aim is to evaluate who the agents are that play a key role in ensuring both. The main objective of this article is to propose an agent-oriented approach for the assessment of the trends concerning the practices of FoE and press freedom in Estonia and Latvia. We conclude that cases from Estonia and Latvia illustrate how the actions and non-actions from individual and institutional agents could have detrimental effect on both the FoE and of the press, even when the highest court instances and legal frameworks are generally supportive of these freedoms
The Indonesian Dead Body Theatre
No full textTematem artykułu są praktyki tanatyczne tradycyjnych społeczności indonezyjskich wiążące się bezpośrednio z ciałem zmarłego. Na kontekst animistycznych wierzeń, w jakim są osadzone, autorka nakłada uniwersalistyczną perspektywę antropologii śmierci, w ślad za Louisem-Vincentem Thomasem poddając oglądowi fantazmatyczny potencjał trupa wyłaniający się z przywoływanych w artykule, specyficznych strategii społecznego oswajania śmierci. Jednocześnie przyjmując perspektywę zastosowaną przez Victora Turnera wobec rytuałów, skupia się na performatywnym wymiarze badanych praktyk tanatycznych, co pozwala jej wyeksponować wieloaspektową obecność objawiających się w nich procesów teatralizacji. Przedmiotem uwagi autorki są rzadkie lub wręcz nieobecne w polu polskiej refleksji naukowej tradycje ludu Toraja z Sulawesi, rdzennych Sumbańczyków i Dajaków z Borneo, przy czym pierwsza część artykułu koncentruje się na fenomenie trupa „udomowionego”, tj. przechowywanego w domu wciąż bez statusu osoby zmarłej, a druga na przypadkach wtórnej socjalizacji ciała już pochowanego, reprezentowanych przez sumbański rytuał Pogo nauta i ceremoniał ma’nene ludu Toraja.The subject of the article involves the thanatic practices of traditional Indonesian communities directly connected with the body of the deceased. The author imposes a universalist perspective of the anthropology of death on the context of animistic beliefs in which they are embedded, following Louis-Vincent Thomas examining the phantasmatic potential of the corpse emerging from the specific strategies of social familiarization with death mentioned in the article. At the same time, adopting the perspective used by Victor Turner towards rituals, she focuses on the performative dimension of studied thanatic practices, which allows her to highlight the multifaceted presence of theatricalization processes manifested in them. The author’s attention is focused on the traditions of the Toraja people of Sulawesi, the indigenous Sumbanese, and the Dayaks of Borneo, rare or even absent in the field of Polish scientific reflection; the first part of the article focuses on the phenomenon of the “domesticated” corpse, i.e. kept at home without the status of the deceased, while the second part – on cases of the ectypal socialisation of the already buried corpse, represented by the Sumbanese Pogo nauta ritual and the ma’nene ceremonial of the Toraja people