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Selected anti-discrimination practices in the workplace – prevention of discrimination based on gender/gender identity and religion
No full textThe aim of the article is an attempt to formulate anti-discrimination recommendations in the workplace. The proposed recommendations concern several selected areas considered to be particularly sensitive, in particular:
- use of language in documents functioning in the employer's organization, which takes into account the needs of non-binary people,
- respecting religious beliefs in the workplace,
- access to free psychological consultations for employees.
All of these issues are related to potential discrimination against employees. Preventing this phenomenon can bring benefits to both employees and the employer (e.g. in the form of better team work)
Analysis of commercial radon measurement results in 2022–2023
No full textWstęp
Celem analizy była ocena stężeń promieniotwórczego radonu w powietrzu w miejscach pracy znajdujących się w różnych obszarach Polski i identyfikacja rejonów zagrożonych możliwością występowania podwyższonych wartości tych stężeń. W pracy przeanalizowano liczby zarejestrowanych przekroczeń poziomu odniesienia wynoszącego 300 Bq/m³ (bekerel – Bq), a także obserwowane różnice w stężeniach radonu w powietrzu wewnątrz różnych budynków.
Materiał i metody
Podstawę analizy stanowiły wyniki pomiarów komercyjnych realizowanych przez Instytut Medycyny Pracy w Łodzi w latach 2022–2023. Pomiary prowadzono w 6 województwach w miejscach pracy związanych z różnymi rodzajami działalności. Realizowano je w okresie grzewczym trwającym od października do marca. Detektory śladowe umieszczano w kasetach dozymetrycznych i wysyłano do zleceniodawców wraz z instrukcją użytkowania. Odesłane dozymetry poddawano obróbce chemicznej i odczytywano gęstość śladów przy użyciu automatycznego systemu analizy obrazu detektorów śladowych zgodnie z akredytowaną procedurą.
Wyniki
Najwięcej pomiarów wykonano w woj. świętokrzyskim i dolnośląskim. Najwyższe średnie wartości stężeń radonu zmierzono w budynkach na terenie uzdrowisk, a najniższe – w halach produkcyjnych.
Wnioski
Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają potrzebę dalszego monitorowania stężeń radonu w Polsce i konieczność realizacji badań wpływu różnych czynników na jego poziom. W pracy zaproponowano również strategie prewencyjne dla obszarów o największym narażeniu.Background
The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the concentrations of radioactive radon in the air in workplaces located in various regions of Poland and to identify areas at risk of elevated radon levels. The study analyzed the number of instances where the reference level of 300 Bq/m³ (becquerel – Bq) was exceeded, as well as the observed differences in radon concentrations across different buildings.
Material and Methods
The analysis was based on the results of commercial measurements carried out by the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź in 2022–2023. Measurements were taken in 6 provinces, across workplaces associated with various types of activities. The measurements were conducted during the heating season October–March. Track detectors were placed in dosimetric cassettes and sent to the clients with instructions for use. The returned dosimeters were subjected to chemical processing, followed by reading the track density using an automated image analysis system, in accordance with the accredited procedure.
Results
The majority of measurements were conducted in the Świętokrzyskie and Dolnośląskie voivodeships. The highest average radon concentrations were found in buildings located in spa areas, while the lowest levels were recorded in production halls.
Conclusions
The results confirm the need for ongoing monitoring of radon concentrations in Poland and highlight the importance of further studies on the factors influencing its levels. The study also proposes preventive strategies for areas with the highest radon exposure
Functioning of Civil Service – Effectiveness of Statutory Tasks Performance
No full textJednym z powodów utworzenia służby cywilnej była potrzeba posiadania profesjonalnego, bezstronnego i rzetelnego aparatu urzędniczego, niezbędnego do sprawnego funkcjonowania państwa. Jednak w ostatnim czasie zmniejszył się jej procentowy udział w strukturze urzędów, pojawiła się bowiem tendencja do zatrudniania poza trybem ustawy o służbie cywilnej pracowników do wykonywania tych samych zadań. Rada Ministrów obniżała limity mianowań w korpusie służby, a proces jej profesjonalizacji wyraźnie zwalniał. Kandydowało do niej coraz mniej osób, a niskie płace powodowały wysoką fluktuację kadr. Przedmiotem kontroli NIK było sprawdzenie organizacji i funkcjonowania służby cywilnej pod kątem zapewnienia prawidłowego wykonania zadań państwa. Ujawniła ona, że w połowie skontrolowanych urzędów wystąpiły opóźnienia w realizacji zadań, a w części z nich stwierdzono nieprawidłowości dotyczące stosowania przepisów ustawy o służbie cywilnej. Artykuł przybliża najważniejsze ustalenia Izby.For proper performing public tasks it is necessary to have a pool of qualified officials who do their job well, irrespective of the current political situation. It is expressed in Article 153 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland which sets forth that in order to ensure professional, diligent, impartial and politically neutral performance of the state’s tasks in government administration offices, the civil servants corps has been established. Due to its importance to the state, the civil service is regularly examined by the Supreme Audit Office. The audit “Functioning of the Civil Service and Foreign Services” was conducted between September 2021 and February 2023, covering 22 auditees – various offices of governmental central and local administration, so it was carried out in supreme and central governmental administration bodies and other entities. Importantly, the functioning and organisation of the civil service had been already audited by NIK before. The latest one was aimed to present not only the actual functioning of the civil service, but also to respond to the following questions: Did the Head of Civil Service properly perform tasks set forth in the Law on Civil Service? Was the recruitment to vacancies in the civil service compliant with the regulations? Was human resources management in the audited offices appropriate? Did the training and individual professional development programmes in the civil service contribute to using the human resources efficiently? Did civil service human resources and their organisation ensure that selected tasks were performed appropriately
Interdyscyplinarne podejście diagnostyczne sukcesem w rozpoznawaniu chorób rzadkich na przykładzie choroby Behçeta
No full textBehçet’s disease (BD) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disorder that develops in individuals with a genetic predisposition who are simultaneously exposed to certain environmental factors. It is believed that mediators of the inflammatory response, by initiating the migration of inflammatory cells into tissues, trigger an autoimmune response. This response leads to a systemic inflammatory process, resulting in the clinical manifestations of BD.
We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient referred to the internal medicine department with non-specific systemic symptoms and high levels of inflammatory parameters in her blood. She had a history of recurrent oral aphthae, genital ulcers on admission, as well as skin and musculoskeletal lesions of an upper limb. Following an extensive differential diagnosis, a diagnosis of BD was made. The paper describes the diagnostic difficulties and the multidisciplinary approach that is crucial in making an accurate diagnosis, especially in rare diseases.Choroba Behçeta (Behçet’s disease – BD) to schorzenie o charakterze zapalnym i autoimmunologicznym, rozwijające się u osób z predyspozycją genetyczną, które jednocześnie narażone są na działanie określonych czynników środowiskowych. Uważa się, że mediatory reakcji zapalnej, inicjując migrację komórek zapalnych do tkanek, wyzwalają odpowiedź autoimmunologiczną. Reakcja ta prowadzi do ogólnoustrojowego procesu zapalnego, skutkując pojawieniem się objawów klinicznych BD.
W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 39-letniej pacjentki skierowanej na oddział internistyczny z nieswoistymi objawami ogólnoustrojowymi i wysokim poziomem parametrów zapalnych we krwi. W wywiadzie nawracające afty jamy ustnej, owrzodzenia narządów płciowych przy przyjęciu, a także zmiany w zakresie skóry i układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego kończyny górnej. Po szerokiej diagnostyce różnicowej postawiono rozpoznanie BD. Opisano trudności diagnostyczne oraz multidyscyplinarne podejście, które jest kluczowe w postawieniu trafnej diagnozy, zwłaszcza w chorobach rzadkich
The tension between norm and usage: the status of the neuter article <i>lo</i> in Catalan
No full textThe neuter article “lo” in Catalan is widely regarded as a notable Castilianism and not endorsed by the linguistic standard. Nevertheless, this grammatical phenomenon is highly prevalent in everyday spoken language and perceived as unremarkable by speakers. This results in a duality between the spoken language, where the neuter article is deeply entrenched, and the written language where its use is not sanctioned. This study aims to examine the current status of lo, focusing on the disparity between the prescriptive norms and its actual usage, while also exploring whether some of its uses could result from the natural evolution of the Catalan language rather than external influence. These reflections may prove useful in addressing this topic in the context of teaching Catalan as a foreign language
Magda Szpecht’s Ecological (Post)Apocalypses
No full textArtykuł ma dwa zasadnicze cele: 1) przedstawienie i analizę reprezentacji czasu oraz doświadczenia czasu w wyreżyserowanych przez Magdę Szpecht spektaklach Wracać wciąż do domu oraz Solastalgia: Terrapia; 2) pokazanie propozycji myślenia o dramaturgii z wykorzystaniem myśli ekologicznej jako narzędzia badania relacji (szczególnie relacji czasowych) w pracach performatywnych. Spektakle Szpecht zostały umieszczone w kontekście refleksji na temat czasu w antropocenie oraz jego wpływu na teksty kultury. Analizy spektakli przeprowadzono pod kątem ich dramaturgii czasowej, dźwiękowej, wizualnej oraz performatywnej.The article has two main aims: 1) to present and analyse the representation of time and the experience of time in the performances Wracać wciąż do domu (Always Coming Home) and Solastalgia: Terrapia, directed by Magda Szpecht; 2) to demonstrate a proposed way of thinking about dramaturgy using ecological thought as a tool for investigating relations (especially temporal relations) in performative works. Szpecht’s performances are discussed in the context of reflections on time in the Anthropocene and its influence on cultural texts. The performances are analysed in terms of their temporal, acoustic, visual, and performative dramaturgy
The Reconfiguration of Relations within the Business Ecosystem: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic brought about abrupt changes to demand in many sectors, which resulted in the polarization of the market situation of enterprises. Some of them became big winners as demand increased, while others were losers due to the decline in demand; there was also a small group of companies that did not feel any changes in demand for their products. To date, research on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for enterprises has focused on identifying bilateral relations. In this article, the authors undertake an analysis of the reconfiguration of the business ecosystems of enterprises depending on their market situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article deals with the relations between businesses and their suppliers, customers, competitors, financial institutions, scientific and research centers and public administration institutions. The study was conducted on a sample of 170 companies and utilized the method of a multidimensional analysis of correspondence. The companies which benefited from the pandemic enlarged their business ecosystems by expanding short-term relations with new suppliers and customers, maintaining unchanged cooperation with current ones. The willingness to cooperate with competitors (coopetition), financial, scientific and research institutions and public administration has been on the rise. The biggest losers made their business ecosystems smaller by reducing the number of suppliers and customers, protecting contacts with their key partners; however, relations with financial institutions, public administration and scientific and research institutions deteriorated. Rivalries with competitors became fiercer. The deterioration of relations also resulted from the demanding attitude of the surveyed companies and the expectation of support from members of their business ecosystems. Companies which did not experience any market changes as a result of the COVID-19 crisis did not undertake any reconfiguration in their business ecosystems. The research shows that the dynamics and directions of changes in the business ecosystems of enterprises as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic depended on changes in their demand situation.
Debt Maturity Structure and Stock Price Crash Risk in African Economies: The Moderating Role of Accounting Standards
No full textThis study examines the influence of debt maturity structure on stock price crash risk (SPCR) in African economies, focusing on the moderating role of accounting standards such as the IFRS and national GAAP. Drawing on data from 514 publicly listed non-financial firms across six countries: Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Egypt, Ghana, and Morocco spanning the period from 2007 to 2020, the research employs generalized least squares panel regression to test its hypotheses. The findings indicate that debt maturity significantly reduces SPCR, with this effect being more pronounced in developing economies where robust accounting standards are better enforced. The study reveals that higher-quality financial reporting frameworks enhance transparency and reduce information asymmetry, thereby amplifying the beneficial impact of debt maturity on SPCR. These insights underscore the critical role of debt maturity and stringent accounting standards in strengthening financial stability and corporate governance. By addressing a notable gap in the literature, this research offers valuable implications for policymakers, regulators, and investors in African market
Training or Procedures? Factors of Officials’ Anti-corruption Attitudes
No full textIn the study, we investigated officials’ attitudes toward corruption depending on their sense of external security (procedures) and internal security (level of knowledge). In other words, we verified the importance of participatory and formal corruption safeguards. Officials working in all types of communes across Poland participated in the study (N=6,024). The analyses confirmed our assumptions concerning the significant role of training safeguards. Respondents declaring a stronger sense of training security (i.e., those confident in their knowledge and training) confirmed more often the possibility of eliminating corruption from local government administration, perceived it unequivocally negatively, and were less skeptical in terms of possible corrupt behavior on the part of other officials. They also declared relatively more often that they would not remain indifferent to corrupt behavior in their environment
Future Teachers’ Digital Skills Development Through Professional and Vocational Training in Informal Education
No full textThe article updates the problem of developing digital skills in future teachers of specialized and vocational training. The possibilities of using informal education to solve this problem are identified. The need for developing modern digital skills of future teachers of specialized and vocational training based on competency-based, integrated, context-oriented and multimodal approaches is substantiated. During the experiment, a phased formation of digital skills is carried out: at the preparatory, project, training and final stages. The main task of the preparatory stage is to familiarize students with the features of using digital technologies, the structural components of digital skills and indicators of their formation. All students during their studies at the university take a course on the theoretical foundations of using digital technologies in education. At the project stage, the main task is to develop the ability of future teachers to professional self-management. Students of the experimental group additionally participate in a workshop and independently develop personal programs for the development of digital skills in the context of informal education. At the training stage, students of the experimental group implement these programs. At the final stage, students of the control and experimental groups perform creative work. Feedback on personal programs is provided by experts from among university teachers and practicing teachers. In the process of experimental work, the effectiveness of the development of digital skills in the context of informal education of future teachers is tested. The use of digital technologies is presented at three levels: household (low), user (medium), professional (high). The experiment shows the feasibility of using personal programs for informal education. Generalization of the results of the experimental work demonstrates the advantages of informal education in the formation of digital skills of future teachers of specialized and professional education