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Hospital efficiency in Türkiye via spatial Stochastic Frontier Analysis
No full textOne of the primary challenges in efficiency literature arises from dealing with cases involving datasets with multiple outputs for decision-making units. While Data Envelopment Analysis naturally handles multiple outputs in efficiency calculation, Stochastic Frontier Analysis also effectively accommodates multiple outputs under certain modelling conditions. To estimate a spatial Stochastic Frontier model, we utilized a distinct dataset with multiple outputs, which were consolidated into a single output using a newly developed approach. We applied the methodology to Turkish hospitals and found statistically significant spatial dependence in hospitals' technical efficiency. The median of efficiency estimates is 79.3%. The mean total output elasticities are 0.1943 for beds, 0.1186 for physicians, 0.3221 for specialist physicians, and 0.3417 for nurses. For the hospitals under consideration, the returns to scale is very close to 1. Our results show the influence of regional factors on hospital performance. These findings highlight the importance of considering spatial interactions and regional policies to improve hospital efficiency
ÇİN SOSYOLOJİSİNİN DOĞUŞU, GELİŞİMİ, KURUMSALLAŞMASI VE ANA EĞİLİMLERİ
No full textBu makalenin ana konusu, Çin sosyolojisinin ortaya çıkışını, kurumsallaşmasını, gelişimini, temel eğilimlerini ve sorunlarını incelemektir. Çin, dünyanın en eski uygarlıklarından birisi olmasına ve uzun bir tarihsel geçmişe sahip olmasına rağmen 19. yüzyıla kadar sosyoloji alanında önemli çalışmalar yapan bir ülke olmamıştır. Çin, kendine has bir felsefesi olmasına rağmen aynı başarıyı sosyoloji alanında gösterememiştir. Çin’de sosyoloji, modernleşme süreciyle ilişkili olarak ortaya çıkmış ve gelişmiştir. Bu süreç içerisinde Çin sosyolojisi, sosyolojinin kurucularından Herbert Spencer ve Émile Durkheim sosyolojisini esas almıştır. Makalemizde 1950’lere gelindiğinde Çin sosyolojisinin Spencer’ın ve Durkheim’ın görüşlerinden hızlıca uzaklaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Çünkü Çin toplumunda 1940’ların sonunda köklü bir değişme olmuştur. 1940’ların sonunda Mao Zedong’un öncülüğünde komünist devrim gerçekleşmiştir. Bu makalede, Çin’in sosyal yapısını köklü bir şekilde değiştiren komünist devrimle beraber Çin sosyolojisinin Marxist sosyolojiyi önemsediğine vurgu yapılmıştır. 1970’lerin sonundan itibaren Çin dünyaya açılmıştır. Çin sosyolojisi bu dönemden itibaren Amerikan sosyolojisini model almış ve Amerikan sosyolojisindeki gelişmeleri takip etmiştir. Çin sosyolojisi, 1980’lerden itibaren Amerikan sosyolojisinde etkili olan empirik sosyolojiye yönelmiştir. Çin sosyolojisi, Marxist sosyolojiden tamamen uzaklaşarak empirik sosyoloji araştırmaları yoğunlaşmıştır. Çinli sosyologlar, 1980’lerden itibaren çok sayıda saha çalışması yapmışlardır. Makalemizde Çin sosyolojisinin 19. yüzyılın sonundan günümüze kadar kendine özgü bir sosyoloji çizgisi oluşturamadığı, Batı’da ortaya çıkan sosyoloji geleneklerinden etkilendiği iddia edilmiştir
The Effect of Preclinical Empowerment Education in Pediatric Nursing on Clinical Comfort, Competency of the Course, and Self-Confidence and Anxiety in Clinical Decision-Making
No full textObjective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-clinical structured empowerment education of intern nursing students on self-confidence and anxiety in clinical decision-making, pediatric clinical comfort and perceived anxiety, and perceived pediatric nursing competency. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 64 nursing students (experimental group = 32; comparison group = 32) participated in the study. Before the clinical practice, a program that consisted of six scenarios, whose learning goals were structured, and in which pediatric skills were supported, was applied to the intern students in the experimental group for two days. The data were collected using a Student Descriptive Information Form, the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making Scale, the Pediatric Nursing Competency Scale, and the Pediatric Nursing Student Clinical Comfort and Worry Assessment Tool, which were applied as a pretest and posttest. The mean pre-test and post-test scores of both groups were compared. Results: There was a difference in favor of the intervention group in the worry sub-dimension of the Pediatric Nursing Student Clinical Comfort and Worry Assessment Tool (p0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the Pediatric Nursing Competency Scale in favor of the intervention group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Preclinical structured empowerment training; It was observed that it increased the pediatric nursing proficiency levels of the students, decreased the clinical anxiety of the students, and did not affect the self-confidence anxiety levels in clinical decision making
A Comparative Analysis of Different Machine Learning Algorithms Developed with Hyperparameter Optimization in the Prediction of Student Academic Success
No full textFeatured Application There are many examples of situations in which scientific knowledge discovered or produced in mathematics has not only turned into very important scientific input for another scientific discipline but has also triggered the practical production of another scientific discipline. In this context, it can be said that the theoretical framework of mathematics has been the subject of extensive application in scientific disciplines such as engineering, health, finance, and education. Machine learning methods, constituting one of the leading tools in the applied sciences, are also built on mathematical foundations. By analyzing large and complex data sets with machine learning methods, it is possible to perform prediction, classification, and decision-making processes effectively without human intervention. In this way, machine learning offers a wide range of applications in daily life, including the automation of processes, early diagnosis of diseases, prevention of financial fraud, management of autonomous systems, and even the shaping of new educational paradigms, forms, and curricula for education.Abstract Machine learning makes significant contributions in many areas of the applied sciences. One of these is the field of education, in the form of predicting students' academic success and developing educational policies. In this study, two distance and kernel-based methods and eight tree-based and ensemble learning models were used to predict students' academic success. The data set used in the study includes various variables, such as demographic information, academic information, course participation rates, and activity participation status, for 2392 students. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using genetic algorithm and grid search methods and model accuracy was tested with 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, the performances of all machine learning models were compared, using seventeen metric results for three cases, including results without hyperparameter optimization and determinations after hyperparameter optimization. Subsequent to the analyses performed, it was concluded that the SVR, GBM, and XGBoost methods have both high explanatory power and low error rates in regression problems requiring high accuracy, such as analyses aimed at predicting student success
Early Respiratory Problems and Tobacco Use in the Region Affected by Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
No full textObjective: Many respiratory complications have been reported in post-earthquake conditions. We aimed to reveal respiratory medical requirements during the early post-earthquake period and possible changes in tobacco use. Methods: Data on age, gender, symptom, diagnosis, medications used continuously, if any, earthquake-induced disruption in medications and medical devices, place of residence, prescribed medications, smoking status, and number of cigarettes consumed daily before and during the earthquake were collected. Results: In 137 patients, the most frequently (29.9%) presentation was asthma, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/chronic bronchitis. Twelve patients had chest trauma and nine had a costal fracture. Sixty-nine (50.4%) patients were admitted for chronic and 46 (33.6%) for acute respiratory diseases. Medication use was not interrupted in chronic respiratory diseases. The most common complaint was cough followed by shortness of breath. Bronchodilators and expectorants were frequently prescribed, and 15.3% of patients were treated/intervened in the emergency department. Interference in use of medical devices. The rate of smoking among patients was 28.5% compared with 24.1% before the earthquake. The number of daily cigarettes smoked by active smokers before and after the earthquake increased (p=0.048). Conclusion: In the aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes; exacerbation, medication, and device management for patients with asthma and COPD were the primary medical requirements in terms of respiratory diseases. Provision of medication support for chronic pulmonary diseases avoided interruption. Patients still living in crowded/dysadvantaged conditions need proper management of lower respiratory tract infections, pulmonary thromboembolism, asthma, and COPD exacerbations. The rate of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day have increased among patients with respiratory problems
To the Editor
No full text[Abstract Not Available]Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project [ZR2021MH198]Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project (ZR2021MH198)
Search for the Higgs boson decays to a ?0, ?, or K*0 meson and a photon in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
No full textThree rare decay processes of the Higgs boson to a rho(770)(0), phi(1020), or K-* (892)(0) meson and a photon are searched for using root s = 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events are selected assuming the mesons decay into a pair of charged pions, a pair of charged kaons, or a charged kaon and pion, respectively. Depending on the Higgs boson production mode, different triggering and reconstruction techniques are adopted. The analyzed data sets correspond to integrated luminosities up to 138 fb(-1), depending on the reconstructed final state. After combining various data sets and categories, no significant excess above the background expectations is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson branching fractions into rho(770)(0)gamma, phi(1020)gamma, and K-*(892)(0)gamma are determined to be 3.7 x 10(-4), 3.0 x 10(-4), and 3.0 x 10(-4), respectively. In case of the rho(770)(0)gamma and phi(1020)gamma channels, these are the most stringent experimental limits to date
Effect of Carvacrol on Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis and Apoptosis in Testicular Tissues of Adult Rats
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and widespread disease that negatively affects the male reproductive system. Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring flavonoid in plants, exhibits various biological and pharmacological activities, including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of CAR on testicular tissue damage induced by diabetes, which was modeled by Streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: Control (n=8), Group 2: DM (n=8), Group 3: DM+DMSO (0.1 % dimethyl sulfoxide) (n=8), and Group 4: DM+CAR (20 mg/kg) (n=8). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal STZ injection (50 mg/kg). Histological changes were assessed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and the Johnsen scoring system. Apoptosis was evaluated through immunohistochemical staining for the mitochondrial apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl-2, as well as RT-qPCR analysis of their gene expression levels. Fibrosis assessment involved Masson-Trichrome staining and RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA levels for the COL1A1 and COL3A1 genes. Additionally, Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels were measured in testicular tissue. CAR treatment significantly improved histological alterations associated with diabetes-induced testicular damage. DM was found to increase Bax levels while reducing Bcl-2 levels, whereas CAR reduced Bax levels and increased Bcl-2 gene and protein expression. TOS and OSI levels were elevated in the DM group, whereas TAS levels increased in the DM+CAR group. No significant differences in CRP levels were observed between the groups. These findings suggest that CAR may be effective in mitigating diabetes-induced testicular damage.Necmettin Erbakan University Reseach Projects Office [23GAP18003]; Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Coordination OfficeThe authors would like to thank the Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office for the financial support and Mehmet Enes Sozen, Halime Tuba Canbaz for contributions. This research was funded by Necmettin Erbakan University Reseach Projects Office, grant number 23GAP18003
Home Care Management of Breast Cancer Survivors: The Role of Caregivers
No full textBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Starting from the stage of diagnosis, it causes serious stress for both the patient and her family and makes difficult all strategies for balancing and adaptation. Breast cancer should be considered a family disease since women are negatively affected by the fear and anxiety due to breast cancer, and this condition also negatively affects the family members. Caregivers can have various responsibilities in cancer care, which can last from diagnosis to the end of life. The increase in the number of people diagnosed with cancer, the prolonged survival of patients in parallel with the developments in diagnosis and treatment methods as well as the inadequacies in the health system brought to the need for more actively participating family members in the care of cancer. While caregivers are involved in all physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and economic dimensions of cancer care, they try to do their best with limited information. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Structural, thermal, and optical properties of Dy3+ /K+ Co-Doped SmCa4O (BO3)3 phosphors synthesized by Sol-Gel method
No full textThis study investigates the structural, thermal, and optical properties of Dy3+ /K+ co-doped SmCa4O(BO3) 3 (SmCOB) phosphors synthesized using a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the high crystallinity and phase purity of the SmCOB lattice. Rietveld refinement further detailed slight lattice parameter modifications induced by Dy3+ and K+ doping. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified characteristic vibrational modes of the SmCOB matrix, including symmetric and asymmetric B- O stretching vibrations. These modes remained largely unaltered after doping, indicating the structural stability of the host lattice. Photoluminescence (PL) studies excited at 369 nm identified Dy3+ emission peaks at 468 nm (blue), 574 nm (yellow), and a dominant 657 nm (4 F9/2 -> 6 H11/2). Co-doping with K+ increased the PL intensity by 26 %, attributed to charge compensation, reducing non-radiative losses and optimizing the local crystal field around Dy3+ ions. Luminescence decay analysis revealed that the Dy3+-doped sample exhibited a longer lifetime component (456.6 ls) compared to the undoped sample. Furthermore, K+ co-doping led to a significant increase in the average lifetime (752.8 ls), suggesting a further reduction in non-radiative decay pathways. Temperature-dependent PL analysis demonstrated excellent therm al resistance, with a high activation energy (Ea = 0.258 eV) for K+ co-doped samples, highlighting their suitability for high-power lighting applications. Chromaticity measurements positioned the phosphors in the cold white light region, demonstrating their potential for energy-efficient lighting and advanced display technologies. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [PNURSP2025R16]We express our gratitude to the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrah-man University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2025R16) , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia