3586 research outputs found
Sort by
A systematic review of the recent research on the usefulness of chatbots for language education
No full textBackgroundThe rise of intelligent chatbots powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning has ignited interest in their potential for revolutionising second language (L2) acquisition and foreign language learning (FLL). While their potential seems vast, understanding their actual impact on learning outcomes requires comprehensive analysis. Also required is the continuous evaluation of this technology due to the rapid pace of advancements in chatbots, highlighting the need for a fresh look using the latest research. This systematic review aims to address this need by investigating the effectiveness of modern chatbots in L2 learning and FLL, offering valuable insights for language educators and researchers.ObjectivesThis study systematically reviews existing research to assess the usefulness of chatbots in L2 acquisition and FLL, identifying key areas of improvement and future research directions.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA methodology, 33 relevant studies published between 2020 and May 2024 were analysed. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes related to chatbot applications, language skills impacted, and learning outcomes achieved.ResultsThe findings clearly reveal specific language skills (i.e., speaking) and language knowledge (i.e., vocabulary) that have a significant impact on enhancing students' learning outcomes by using chatbots, while pointing out insufficient research in this area. The results also show major benefits of chatbots for FLL, such as individualised learning, immediate feedback, enhancing willingness to communicate, and increased interaction.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlights specific practical implications and suggestions that have a direct impact on the usefulness of chatbots in FLL and L2 acquisition, and a need to investigate further variables such as age, language skills, personality traits, or teacher's role with respect to the use of chatbots in foreign language classes. Further implications are also raised in terms of learning design considerations when such a technology is incorporated in the FLL classroom
tVNS alters inflammatory response in adult VPA-induced mouse model of autism: evidence for sexual dimorphism
No full textAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with limited treatment alternatives and which incidence is increasing. Some research suggests that vagus nerve simulation might lead to the reduction of certain symptom. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on the inflammatory response in an adult valproic acid (VPA) induced mouse (C57BL6) model of autism for the first time. The autism model was induced by oral VPA administration (600 mgkg(-1)) to C57BL/6 pregnant mice on E12.5 days. The study included three groups: the VPA Transcutaneous Auricular Stimulation Group (VPA + tVNS), the VPA Control Group (VPA + sham), and the Healthy Control Group (Control + sham). Each group included 16 mice (8 M/8 F). Our results show that serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in male VPA-exposed mice than controls. However, IL-1 beta was significantly lower, and IL-6, TNF- alpha, and IL-22 were not different in female VPA-exposed mice compared to the control group. Brain NLRP3 levels were significantly higher in both sexes in the VPA autism model (P < 0.05). tVNS application increased brain NLRP3 levels in both sexes and reduced serum IL-1 beta levels in male mice. We conclude that cytokine dysregulation is associated with the VPA-induced adult autism model, and the inflammatory response is more pronounced in male mice. tVNS application altered the inflammatory response and increased brain NLPR3 levels in both sexes. Further studies are needed to understand the beneficial or detrimental role of the inflammatory response in autism and its sexual dimorphism.Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP) [TDK-2021-7245, 76/2020-01]; TUBA (Turkish Academy of Science); TUBA; YOK 100-2000 Human Brain and Neuroscience program scholarshipThis study was supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP) (Project Numbers: TDK-2021-7245 and 76/2020-01) and partially supported by TUBA (Turkish Academy of Science). The Article Processing Charge (APC) was supported by the TUBA. Researchers Hale Goek Da & gbreve;& imath;d & imath;r and Ay & scedil;en Cal & imath;ku & scedil;u were supported by the YOK 100-2000 Human Brain and Neuroscience program scholarship. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr & Idot;lkem Guezel for his valuable support in graphic design
Antik Çağ hastaneleri Asclepionlar ve günümüze mirası
No full textAsclepios is the god of medicine and health in mythology. In ancient times, healing was sought in the worship of Asclepios. Ancient hospitals built in the name of Asclepios are called “Asclepion”. In ancient times, around three hundred and twenty Asclepions were built within the borders of Greece and Türkiye today. The most important of these ancient hospitals are located in Epidauros, Pergamon, Kos, Athens and Knidos. There was also a health center (an ancient hospital) in Allianoi. In this study, the most significant locations, architectural features, treatment methods, historical and cultural roles of the ancient hospitals among the Asclepions in Western Anatolia and Greece were investigated. When the treatment methods in Asclepions are examined, it is seen that holistic medical practices were applied with a biopsychosocial approach to the patients called guests. Diseases were not seen as one-dimensional but as the result of complex processes and negative environmental, social and psychological interactions. Patients were treated with respect as beings with mental, ethical, emotional, social, moral and natural characteristics. Centuries earlier in Asclepions, the first functional applications of hospital architecture and individual and holistic medical approaches are seen. We think that today's hospital architecture and treatment approaches have many features that can be learned from the heritage of ancient hospitals in history.Asklepios mitolojide tıp ve sağlık tanrısıdır. Antik çağlarda şifa Asklepios'a tapınmada aranırdı. Asklepios adına inşa edilen antik hastanelere “Asclepion” adı verilmektedir. Antik çağda, günümüzde Yunanistan ve Türkiye sınırları içerisinde üç yüz yirmi civarında Asclepion inşa edilmiştir. Bu antik hastanelerin en önemlileri Epidauros, Bergama, Kos, Atina ve Knidos'ta bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Alliaoni’de de bir sağlık merkezi (antik hastane) bulunmaktaydı. Bu çalışmada Batı Anadolu (Türkiye) ve Yunanistan'daki Asclepionlar arasında en önemli olan antik hastanelerin konumları, mimari özellikleri, tedavi yöntemleri, tarihi ve kültürel rolleri araştırılmıştır. Asclepion'larda tedavi yöntemleri incelendiğinde misafir olarak adlandırılan hastalara biyopsikososyal yaklaşımla bütünsel tıp uygulamalarının gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Hastalıklar tek boyutlu olarak değil, karmaşık süreçlerin ve olumsuz çevresel, sosyal ve psikolojik etkileşimlerin sonucu olarak görülüyordu. Hastalara zihinsel, etik, duygusal, sosyal, ahlaki ve doğal özelliklere sahip varlıklar olarak saygıyla davranılırdı. Asclepion'larda yüzyıllar önce hastane mimarisinin, bireysel ve bütünsel tıp yaklaşımlarının ilk işlevsel uygulamaları görülmektedir. Günümüz hastane mimarisinin ve tedavi yaklaşımlarının, tarihteki antik hastanelerin mirasından öğreneceği pek çok özellik olduğunu düşünüyoruz.Mersin Universit
Search for light long-lived particles decaying to displaced jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV
No full textA search for light long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying to displaced jets is presented, using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022. Novel trigger, reconstruction, and machine-learning techniques were developed for and employed in this search. After all selections, the observations are consistent with the background predictions. Limits are presented on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs that subsequently decay to quark pairs or tau lepton pairs. An improvement by up to a factor of 10 is achieved over previous limits for models with LLP masses smaller than 60 GeV and proper decay lengths smaller than 1 m. The first constraints are placed on the fraternal twin Higgs (FTH) and folded supersymmetry (FSUSY) models, where the lower bounds on the top quark partner mass reach up to 350 GeV for the FTH model and 250 GeV for the FSUSY model. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
Search for new resonances decaying to pairs of merged diphotons in proton-proton collisions at (formula presented)
No full textA search is presented for an extended Higgs sector with two new particles, (Formula presented) and (Formula presented), in the process (Formula presented). Novel neural networks classify events with diphotons that are merged and determine the diphoton masses. The search uses LHC proton-proton collision data at (Formula presented) collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). No evidence of such resonances is seen. Upper limits are set on the production cross section for (Formula presented) between 300 and 3000 GeV and (Formula presented) between 0.5% and 2.5%, representing the most sensitive search in this channel. © 2025 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, MBIEMinistry of Education and Science, MESBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAPNSCFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCTDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India, DAEPCT
Kent içi toplu taşıma hatlarının etkinliğinin veri zarflama analizi ile değerlendirilmesi
No full textUrban public transport, which is one of the important elements of urban life, is one of the main indicators that determine the level of development of cities. Especially in metropolitan cities, it becomes a necessity to make the best use of resources and increase the quality of service in the urban public transport sector, which is the common point in solving many problems such as traffic density, air pollution, noise, excessive energy consumption, etc. However, it is very important that bus routes, which constitute the backbone of urban public transport systems in almost all cities, are used effectively. In this study, efficiency analysis was carried out using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on 323 bus routes serving in the city of Izmir with data for weekdays in the October-December 2019 period. The results show that the efficiency of bus routes decreases as the route length increases and the efficiency of the routes serving in the city center is higher. The results of the study will help businesses in terms of improving services, gaining new passengers, and making better use of resources.Kent yaşamının önemli unsurlarından biri olan kent içi toplu taşıma, kentlerin gelişmişlik düzeyini belirleyen temel göstergelerinden bir tanesidir. Özellikle büyükşehirlerde yaşanan trafik yoğunluğu, hava kirliliği, gürültü, fazla enerji tüketimi vb. birçok sorunun çözümünde ortak nokta olan kent içi toplu taşıma sektöründe, kaynakların en iyi şekilde kullanılması ve hizmet kalitesinin arttırılması zorunluluk haline gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte, hemen hemen tüm kentlerde kent içi toplu taşıma sistemlerinin bel kemiğini oluşturan otobüs hatlarının etkin şekilde kullanılması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada İzmir kentinde hizmet veren 323 otobüs hattında 2019 Ekim-Aralık dönemi, hafta içi günlerine ait veriler ile Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) kullanılarak etkinlik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, otobüs hatlarının güzergah uzunluğu arttıkça etkinliğinin azaldığını ve kent merkezinde hizmet veren hatların etkinliğinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma sonuçları, hizmetlerin iyileştirmesi, yeni yolcular kazanılması ve kaynakların daha iyi kullanılması açısından işletmelere yardımcı olacaktır.Dokuz Eylul Universit
Video game exposure in children with epilepsy: EEG and clinical findings
No full textObjective: To investigate the effects of video game exposure on pediatric epilepsy patients, focusing on electroencephalography (EEG) and clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 94 pediatric epilepsy patients aged 6-18 years (juvenile idiopathic generalized epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy, self-limited idiopathic focal epilepsy [SeLEAS and SeLECTS]) and 57 non-epileptic controls were enrolled. EEG recordings were obtained while patients were awake, asleep, and during video game play. The impact of video games was analyzed across different epilepsy subgroups and according to epilepsy control status. Results: Twenty-five patients with EEG deterioration in the entire group, three of whom were from the control group (p = 0.032). Among juvenile idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients, 2 of 21 controlled and 6 of 11 uncontrolled patients were adversely affected by video games (p = 0.01). In the SeLECTS group, none of the controlled patients and 3 of 11 uncontrolled patients showed adverse effects (p = 0.063). In the absence epilepsy and SeLEAS groups, epilepsy status did not significantly affect video game response (p = 0.250, p = 0.603). Patients with pattern sensitivity and photosensitivity had a higher risk of EEG deterioration during video game play than those without these sensitivities. Conclusions: Playing selected video games is safer for patients with juvenile idiopathic generalized epilepsies and the SeLECTS group when precautions are taken, and both EEG and clinical conditions are under control. However, video games pose a risk for patients with absence epilepsy and SeLEAS, regardless of epilepsy control status. These findings underscore the need for individualized assessments and tailored recommendations for video game exposure in pediatric epilepsy patients.Bakimath;ray University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitThis study was supported by Bak & imath;rcay University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Returns to Information and the survival of Broadway productions
No full textUsing total revenue as a measure of success in the market for Broadway productions, we confirm the existence of increasing returns to information using a rank-size regression. The resulting winner-take-all distribution of revenues across productions is explored via survival analysis, with the determinants of success being investigated using proportional hazards regression models. Data is compiled from Internet Broadway Database for 270 musicals, plays, and plays with music that opened between January 2011 and December 2018. Instantaneous rates of failure are found to be lower for revivals and musicals than for original productions and plays. The number of Tony Award wins likewise raises the probability of surviving beyond a given level of revenue. Interestingly, star power at a production's opening lowers the likelihood of closing while star power at the end of the run makes the production more likely to close
Comparative analysis of emergency department admissions: A multi-center study on patient characteristics and mortality before and during the early phase of pandemic in Turkey
No full textThe effect of the global healthcare events makes its initial impact to the emergency departments. As the vanguards of healthcare system emergency departments had handled the surge while undergoing physical changes to manage ongoing crisis. Therefore, for the preparation of further global events, admission rates and emergency department utilization of the pandemic requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to analyze the admissions in a multi-center scale and compare ICD codes and crude mortality rates during the early COVID-19 pandemic period and compare this data to the previous year of the outbreak. This was a multi-center study of 10 hospitals; including 2 tertiary and 8 secondary healthcare institutions. This study comparatively analyzed ED admissions between during pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. A total of 8,38,502 admissions were included in the study (5,72,443 vs 2,66,059; pre pandemic period vs during pandemic period, respectively). There was a significant difference between age, gender, ED waiting time, triage color, and hospitalization rates (P < .001) between 2 periods. Comparison of admission international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision codes were significantly different between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods for trauma, cardiovascular, neurology, and respiratory codes (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, P = .024, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that a pandemic affects many mechanisms in the emergency healthcare systems. This influence might have affected the ED admission rates, hospital admission rates, and mortality rates
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medical Imaging
No full textMedical imaging is an important tool in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of disease. To visualize structures and organs within the body, medical images are created using a variety of technologies based on different principles. Images from devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), X-rays, mammography, ultrasound and conventional cameras are used in medical diagnosis. Dermatologists use images from simple cameras to diagnose and monitor skin diseases, trying to diagnose and monitor skin diseases, such as skin lesions, moles or rashes. Dentists try to diagnose tooth decay, gum problems, or problems with tooth structure by using intraoral images from simple cameras. Similarly, otolaryngologists diagnose and plan treatment by visualizing the eardrum or nasal cavity with a simple camera. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved