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In Vitro Antitumoral Effect of Tarantula Venom Combined with Temozolomide in Human Glioblastoma Cells
No full textAIM: To investigate the effect of 48-hour (h) administration of Tarantula Logoplex (R) (TL), a homeopathic medical product containing Tarantula cubensis venom, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) on T98G glioblastoma cell line with regard to cytotoxicity, cell migration, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) level, and the type of programmed cell death pathway that mediates this cytotoxic effect. MATERIAL and METHODS: Cytotoxic effect was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, autophagic cell imaging was performed using the monodansylcadaverine staining method, mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using the tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining method, and cell migration was analyzed using the scratch test. The levels of eNOS, iNOS, and LC3 proteins were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analyses. Results were compared and statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry revealed that the cytotoxicity of the combined administration was high and primarily (37.57%) occurred through apoptosis. According to JC-1 analysis, the apoptotic effect could have originated from mitochondria. Cell migration was lowest at the IC50 dose of TL. The order of fluorescence intensity from the strongest to the weakest was control>TL>combination>TMZ for eNOS and control>TL>combination>TMZ for iNOS. Western blotting revealed the highest eNOS and iNOS protein density with TL IC25 administration and the highest LC3 protein density with TMZ IC50 administration. CONCLUSION: Combined administration of TL and TMZ may exert a significant cytotoxic effect on T98G glioblastoma cells, which may occur through apoptosis. TL may play a role in augmenting the effect of conventional therapeutic drugs on glioblastoma.Izmir Bakircay UniversityFunding: This study was funded by Izmir Bakircay University within the scope of the project
Therapeutic potential of alpha-lipoic acid on mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and histopathological changes in rat ulcerative colitis model
No full textUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to treatments aimed at healing inflammation and tissue damage, addressing redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA), either alone or in combination with mesalamine, on oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and histopathological changes in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Rats were divided into Control (C), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Mesalamine (M), ALA, and Mesalamine + Alpha-lipoic acid (M + ALA) groups. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 4% acetic acid. The disease activity index was the highest in the UC group and the lowest in the M + ALA group among the treatment groups. Macroscopic scores in the UC, M, and ALA groups were significantly higher compared to the C group. The oxidative stress index was the highest in the UC group, with significantly elevated levels compared to the C, ALA, and M + ALA groups. The nitrotyrosine level was also highest in the UC group and significantly elevated compared to the C, M, ALA, and M + ALA groups. Dynamin-related protein 1, Mitofusin-2, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 proteins showed significant increases in the UC group compared to the C group. In contrast, these protein levels were significantly reduced in the M + ALA group compared to the UC group. Histopathological scoring in the UC group increased, and ALA administration significantly ameliorated these parameters. Our results indicate that ALA has beneficial effects on increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, and altered histopathological scores in the rat colitis model.Health Institutes of Turkiye (TUSEB) A Group Project Program; Gazi UniversityThe authors would like to thank Gazi University Academic Writing Application and Research Center for proofreading the article
Artificial Intelligence in Hematology
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has found its way into many aspects of medicine, notably making a substantial impact in the scientific area of hematology. The introduction of AI into this field has notably enhanced its ability to handle large datasets and carry out complex analytical jobs. Using extensive datasets and sophisticated machine learning algorithms, AI has proven to be a reliable tool for accurately identifying and classifying diseases within hematological diagnostics. Furthermore, AI expands into personalized medicine, adapting therapeutic strategies to the unique genetic, clinical, and pharmacological profiles of individuals. AI analytics can unravel patterns and abnormalities within genetic data, guiding healthcare providers toward a patient-focused treatment strategy, especially in the context of blood cancers. Within the area of hematological research, AI stands out as a crucial player in unveiling new fields of knowledge and refining current methodologies. Whether it’s identifying new biomarkers, streamlining drug discovery, or assisting with prognostic evaluations, AI technologies have shown their ability to streamline processes and enhance research results. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Evaluation of DNA Reactivity Properties of Zn(II) Phthalocyanine Complex Carrying Tetrakis(benzhydryloxy) Ligand
No full textUsing a variety of techniques, the interaction pathway of zinc(II) phthalocyanine with tetrakis(benzhydryloxy) ligand with DNA was assessed in this article. Electrophoresis, thermal denaturation, viscosity, absorption, and fluorescence spectra were employed to investigate the binding mechanism of the ZnPc complex with DNA. The DNA binding constant (Kb) of the ZnPc compound and the thermal melting profile values of the DNA showed that the binding of the ZnPc compound to CT-DNA is governed by an intercalative interaction mechanism. The Kb was computed to be 1.392 106 M-1 for the ZnPc compound, which provides very important clues about the binding mechanism. Fluorescence spectroscopy is another important tool for clarifying the ability of ZnPc to interact with DNA. The information obtained from the fluorescence method confirms that ZnPc interacts with DNA by means of intercalative binding. When the findings obtained from electrophoresis experiments were evaluated, the significant decrease in the intensity of CT-DNA bands revealed that ZnPc interacted with DNA through a physical interaction. The data from the viscosity study confirm data previously obtained by other methods. As a result of their findings, they showed that ZnPc interacts with DNA by intercalative binding. All of these informations suggest that ZnP has DNA interaction properties and could be a potential agent that can be used in the treatment of cancer diseases on the basis of its DNA bonding property
Measurement of the inclusive tt¯ cross section in final states with at least one lepton and additional jets with 302 pb?1 of pp collisions at s = 5.02 TeV
No full textA measurement of the top quark pair (tt¯) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC in autumn 2017, in dedicated runs with low-energy and low-intensity conditions with respect to the default configuration, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 302 pb?1. The measurement is performed using events with one electron or muon, and multiple jets, at least one of them being identified as originating from a b quark (b tagged). Events are classified based on the number of all reconstructed jets and of b-tagged jets. Multivariate analysis techniques are used to enhance the separation between the signal and backgrounds. The measured cross section is 62.5±1.6stat?2.5+2.6syst±1.2lumi pb. A combination with the result in the dilepton channel based on the same data set yields a value of 62.3 ± 1.5 (stat) ± 2.4 (syst) ± 1.2 (lumi) pb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 69.5?3.7+3.5 pb at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Ministry of Education and Science, MES; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP; Center for African Studies, CAS; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, DAE; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU; National Science and Technology Development Agency, NSTDA; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, MOE; National Science Foundation, NSF; Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, IN2P3; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV; Ministério da Educação e Ciência, MEC; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Universiti Malaya, UM; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung, BMBWF; National Science Council, NSC; Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR; Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP; Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, IndiaDST; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TUBITAK; Research Council of Finland, AKA; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; California Earthquake Authority, CEA; Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, TENMAK; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Science Foundation Ireland, SFI; U.S. Department of Energy, ENERGYGOV; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Cosmetic Surgery Foundation, CSF; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GSRI; Bulgarian National Science Fund, BNSF; Hugh Green Foundation, HGF; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS; Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, MHESI; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, SRNSF; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM; CERN, CERN; National Retail Federation, NRF; Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning, MSIP; Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT; Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, UASLP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NNSF; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFI, (K 143460, K 143477, K 131991, K 146913, K 133046, K 147048, K 138136, K 146914, TKP2021-NKTA-64, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181); Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFI; (CEECIND/01334/2018); (MDM-2017-0765); (400140256 - GRK2497, 390833306); (2021/43/B/ST2/01552, 2021/41/B/ST2/01369); (B39G670016); (FR-22-985); (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); (30820817); Engineering Research Centers, ERC, (MoER TK202); Engineering Research Centers, ERC; (CA16108); (101002207, 724704, 101115353, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 675440); (C-1845); (22rl-037); (2022/WK/14); (Z191100007219010
Thyroid diseases
No full textThyroid diseases are common endocrine problems encountered in clinical practice and typically present with symptoms due to either excess or deficiency of hormonal activity. Additionally, pressure symptoms related to nodule formation, tumor development, or diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland can also occur. An accurate diagnosis is essential for the appropriate treatment of thyroid diseases, and achieving this diagnosis requires a thorough history, physical examination, and well-planned laboratory investigations. Approaching thyroid problems in primary healthcare services is crucial to improve patients' quality of life and prevent serious complications. In this section, we will evaluate the approach to thyroid diseases commonly encountered in primary care. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Comparative Analysis of AI Models for Python Code Generation: A HumanEval Benchmark Study
No full textThis study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of six contemporary artificial intelligence models for Python code generation using the HumanEval benchmark. The evaluated models include GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4 Omni, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, Claude Sonnet 4, and Claude Opus 4. A total of 164 Python programming problems were utilized to assess model performance through a multi-faceted methodology incorporating automated functional correctness evaluation via the Pass@1 metric, cyclomatic complexity analysis, maintainability index calculations, and lines-of-code assessment. The results indicate that Claude Sonnet 4 achieved the highest performance with a success rate of 95.1%, followed closely by Claude Opus 4 at 94.5%. Across all metrics, models developed by Anthropic Claude consistently outperformed those developed by OpenAI GPT by margins exceeding 20%. Statistical analysis further confirmed the existence of significant differences between the model families (p < 0.001). Anthropic Claude models were observed to generate more sophisticated and maintainable solutions with superior syntactic accuracy. In contrast, OpenAI GPT models tended to adopt simpler strategies but exhibited notable limitations in terms of reliability. These findings offer evidence-based insights to guide the selection of AI-powered coding assistants in professional software development contexts
Do We Know Enough About Radiation Exposure and Its Side Effects in Invasive Cardiological Procedures?
No full textIn the present study, radiation exposure rates of patients undergoing various invasive cardiological procedures, associated skin side effects, and the impact of radiation protection training for operators were evaluated. A total of 523 patients were included, of whom 206 (39.4%) were female and 317 (60.6%) were male. Radiation exposure levels and skin side effects were recorded. A positive correlation was observed between fluoroscopy dose (mGy) and patients' body mass index (BMI) (P < .001). Additionally, male patients were exposed to significantly higher radiation doses than females (P < .003). Within 1 month post-procedure, skin-related side effects such as itching (6.3%) and dryness (5.4%) were reported. Patients undergoing more complex procedures, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) imaging, had higher radiation doses and longer exposure times compared with other procedures. Following a seminar on radiation protection, a significant reduction in procedural radiation exposure was noted, indicating increased operator awareness. This study highlights the importance of procedural complexity, patient characteristics, and operator training in managing radiation risks during cardiological interventions
LYMPH-V: A wearable arm volume measurement device and mobile application for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer-related lymphedema: A study protocol
No full textBackground & Aim: Early detection of lymphedema is crucial to prevent progression to advanced stages that impair the quality of life in breast cancer survivors. This study aims to develop and evaluate LYMPH-V, a wearable arm volume measurement device and mobile application designed for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Methods & Materials: The study consists of two phases. In the first phase, the LYMPH-V wearable device and a supportive mobile application will be developed. The app will feature five core components: exercise modules, educational content, coping strategies, arm volume measurement/recording, and personalized reminders. Content will be created based on current guidelines and expert opinions. In the second phase, the effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed through a pilot randomized controlled trial, a reproducibility study, and usability evaluations. The device uses stretch sensors to monitor arm volume, and the mobile app provides alerts if measurements suggest early signs of lymphedema. Data will be stored securely and shared with healthcare professionals upon user approval. Results: Expected outcomes include high usability, strong agreement with manual measurements, and improved capacity for at-home lymphedema monitoring and prevention. Conclusion: LYMPH-V offers a promising digital solution that empowers survivors and healthcare providers through home-based arm volume tracking. This approach may facilitate early intervention, reduce healthcare burden, and enhance quality of life for breast cancer survivors
According to high judicial decisions malpractice in neurosurgy
No full textSon yıllarda gerek ülkemizde gerekse tüm dünyada medikal dava sayılarında ciddi bir artış olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Sağlık çalışanları ve hukukçular, her geçen gün daha fazla dava dosyası ile karşı karşıya kalmakta, tıp ve hukuk olmak üzere iki farklı disiplinin yine birbirinden farklı birçok branşını ilgilendiren konularda değerlendirmeler yapmak durumunda kalmaktadırlar. Karşı karşıya kalınan bu medikolegal davalar büyük oranda cerrahi branşları ilgilendirmektedir. Bu cerrahi branşlardan biri olan nöroşirürji, uzmanlık eğitim süresi uzun olan, teknolojinin en çok kullanılması gereken, tanı ve tedavi aşamasında farklı branşlarla birlikte çalışma gerekliliği olan ve hem uzmanının hem de yardımcı sağlık personelinin bilgi ve birikim anlamında yetkin olması gereken bir branştır. Bu gereklerin bir arada olmaması durumunda ise komplikasyon ve tıbbi kötü uygulama riski artabilir. Bu nedenle de gerek ülkemizde gerekse dünyada en sık dava edilen dolayısıyla medikolegal davalar ile sıkça karşı karşıya kalan branşların başında gelmektedir. Bu tezin amacı, ekip, ekipman ve teknolojinin çok önemli olduğu nöroşirürji branşı içerisinde görev yapan uzmanlar, uzmanlık öğrencileri, akademisyenler, hemşireler ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarını ilgilendiren olası tıbbi uygulama hataları ile ilgili tespitler ortaya koymak, hekimlerin hukuki sorumlulukları ile ilgili temel kavramları tanımlamak, Nöroşirürji pratiği içerisinde karşı karşıya kalınan tıbbi uygulama hataları ile ilgili davaları Yüksek Yargı Kararları eşliğinde değerlendirmek, bu kararları eleştirel bir gözle yorumlamak olacaktır. Ortaya konulan hukuki temel kavramlar, branşın kendine özgü özellikleri, dava konusu olmuş nöroşirürji ile ilgili tıbbi uygulama hataları ve kesinleşmiş yargı kararları eşliğinde, branş çalışanları için günlük pratikleri içerisinde neler yapmaları ve nasıl davranmaları konusunda öneriler oluşturulacaktır. Bunun yanında organizasyon kusurları ile ilgili eksikler tanımlanacak, düzeltilmesi noktasında öneriler oluşturulacaktır. Hukukçular için ise, nöroşirürji ile ilgili bir dava değerlendirirken, bu branş ile ilgili özel bilgi sahibi olmaları yanında, ulaşmak istedikleri emsal Yüksek Yargı Kararlarına daha kolay ulaşılabilecekler ve bu kararların bir nöroşirürji uzmanı gözüyle nasıl değerlendirildiğini inceleyebileceklerdir. Bu şekilde gerek nöroşirürji uzmanları gerekse bu branşla ilgili medikolegal davalar ile ilgilenen hukukçular için bir kaynak eser ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.It is a known fact that there has been a significant increase in the number of medical cases both in our country and around the world in recent years. Healthcare professionals and lawyers are faced with more and more case files every day, and they have to make evaluations on issues that concern many different branches of two different disciplines, medicine and law. These medicolegal lawsuits we face are largely related to surgical branches. Neurosurgery, one of these surgical branches, is a branch that has a long period of specialization training, requires the most use of technology, requires working with different branches in the diagnosis and treatment phase, and both the specialist and the allied health personnel must be competent in terms of knowledge and experience. If these requirements are not combined, the risk of complications and medical malpractice may increase. For this reason, it is one of the branches that is most frequently sued both in our country and in the world, and therefore frequently faced with medicolegal lawsuits. The aim of this thesis is to make determinations about possible medical malpractice concerning experts, specialist students, academicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals working in the branch of neurosurgery, where team, equipment and technology are very important, to define the basic concepts regarding the legal responsibilities of physicians, It will be to evaluate the cases related to medical malpractice encountered in practice in the light of Supreme Judicial Decisions and to interpret these decisions with a critical eye. Accompanied by the basic legal concepts put forward, the unique characteristics of the branch, medical malpractices related to Neurosurgery that have been the subject of litigation, and final judicial decisions, suggestions will be made for the employees of the branch on what to do and how to behave in their daily practices. In addition, deficiencies related to organizational flaws will be identified and suggestions will be made to correct them. For law professionals, when evaluating a case related to neurosurgery, in addition to having special knowledge about a branch such as neurosurgery, they will be able to more easily access the precedent Supreme Court Decisions they want to reach and examine how these decisions are evaluated from the perspective of a neurosurgery expert. In this way, it is aimed to provide a reference work for both neurosurgery specialists and law professionals dealing with medicolegal cases related to this branch