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Legal liability of artificial intelligence assisted diagnostic systems: A comparative analysis
No full textYapay zeka, tarihteki teknolojik ilerlemelerin bir sonucu olarak günümüzde birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır, gelecekte de kullanım alanlarının ve niteliğinin artarak değişeceği öngörülmektedir. Günümüzde birçok alanda insanların yerini alan yapay zekanın sağlık alanında kullanılması, hastalıkların teşhisinden tedavisine, raporlamadan maliyetlerin düşürülmesine kadar birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Yapay zekanın özellikleri, önemi ve niteliği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, sağlık alanında kullanılmasından kaynaklanabilecek olumsuz durumlarda sorumluluk sorunu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yapay zekanın kişiliğine ilişkin tartışmalar küresel olarak devam etmektedir ancak net bir sınır çizilmiş değildir. Dolaysıyla, sağlık gibi hata yapmanın telafisinin oldukça zor olduğu bir alanda yapay zekadan kaynaklanan olası hataların sorumluluğu oldukça ciddi bir konudur ve çözülmesi gerekmektedir. Mevcut araştırmada, yapay zeka kavramı ve özellikleri açıklandıktan sonra yapay zekanın sağlık alanında kullanımı değerlendirilmiş, üçüncü bölümde ise yapay zeka ve sorumluluk arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir.Artificial intelligence is used in many fields today as a result of technological advances in history, and it is predicted that its usage areas and quality will change increasingly in the future. The use of artificial intelligence in the field of health, which has replaced humans in many fields today, provides many advantages from diagnosis to treatment of diseases, from reporting to reducing costs. Considering the characteristics, importance and nature of artificial intelligence, the problem of liability arises in adverse situations that may arise from its use in the field of health. The debate on the personhood of AI continues globally, but no clear boundary has been drawn. Therefore, in a field such as health, where it is very difficult to compensate for making mistakes, the responsibility for possible errors arising from artificial intelligence is a very serious issue and needs to be resolved. In the current study, after explaining the concept and characteristics of artificial intelligence, the use of artificial intelligence in the field of health is evaluated, and in the third section, the relationship between artificial intelligence and liability is analyzed
The role of the systemic inflammatory response index in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of systemic inflammatory response index in predicting the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: The study was conducted at Nev & scedil;ehir State Hospital, a secondary healthcare center. Patients who underwent elective isolated CABG between October 2018, when the first open-heart surgerywas performed at our center, and December 2022 were included. The patients' data were retrospectively reviewed and recorded. RESULTS: Atotal of 66 patients were included in the study (mean age: 64.14 +/- 8.59 years). Of these patients, 44 (66.7%) were male and 22 (33.3%) were female. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was present in 22 (33.3%) patients. Although the systemic inflammatory response index and systemic immune-inflammatory index values were higher in the patient group that developed postoperative atrial fibrillation, no significant difference was noted (p>0.050). Additionally, age and a family history of coronary artery disease were identified as important factors that significantly affected the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (p=0.048 and p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the relationship between postoperative atrial fibrillation and the systemic inflammatory response index. Although the present studydid notfind a statistically significant difference, ourfindings supportthe role of inflammation in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation
An Analysis of Relationships Among Transformational Leadership, Organisational Culture and Organisational Success Using SEM for Three Public Hospitals in Turkey
No full textThe aim study is to analyse using structural equation modelling (SEM) the impacts of transformational leadership (TFL) and organisational culture (OC) on organisational success (OS) from the hospital employees' perspective, using SEM. Furthermore, we would like to investigate the mediating role of OC between TFL and OS. This study is a cross-sectional analytical study. Research data were collected by questionnaires from 304 hospital employees. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM were calculated using R Studio with lavaan and SemPlot packages. TFL was positively correlated with OS (r = 0.514, p < .01), OC (r = 0.408; p < .01) and education (r = 0.177; p < .01). In effect on the OS model, TFL positively and significantly affected OS (beta = 0.311; p < .01) and OC (beta = 0.644; p < .001). TFL had an indirect effect on OS by the mediator role of OC (beta = 0.244; p < .05). Positive relationships were found between TFL, OC and OS. TFL had a significant direct effect on OS. TFL had an indirect effect on OS by the mediator role of OC. Although the direct effect was larger than the mediation effect, the mediation effect of OC is significant
Rational Drug Use and E-Health Literacy Levels of Inpatients of Internal Medicine Services
No full textObjective: Health professionals can provide opportunities to increase the level of e-health literacy by accessing accurate health information on the internet to improve the attitudes and behaviors of rational drug use in the disease management of individuals with chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the rational drug use and e-health literacy levels of individuals with chronic diseases. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted at a training and research hospital of a university in Turkey between March and July 2023. Hospitalized in internal medicine services and with at least one chronic disease were included 381 patients in the study. The study data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, and Rational Drug Use Scale, and E-Health Literacy Scale. Results: The average age of the patients was 53.44 +/- 16.48 years. Of these patients, 60.1% were women and 19.9% had a diagnosis of endocrine system disease. While the average score of the patients on rational drug use was moderate. their e-health literacy levels were found to be low. A weak levels positive correlation was detected between rational drug use and e-health literacy (r=.106. p=.03). Conclusion: It was concluded that rational drug use among individuals with chronic diseases is moderate and e-health literacy is low. Improving rational drug use and e-health literacy in chronic disease management are important strategies for reducing health expenditures and patient care burden
Investigation of the Relationship between Tinnitus Severity, Tinnitus Loudness, Hyperacusis and Anxiety Level in Individuals with Tinnitus
No full textObjective: The relationship between the effect of tinnitus on the individual and anxiety and hyperacusis should be investigated. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between tinnitus loudness, tinnitus handicap level, hyperacusis level, and state and trait anxiety levels in individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed in this study. The study included 44 participants, consisting of 24 men and 20 women. The mean age of the participants was 53.7 +/- 16.6 years. The loudness of tinnitus was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), while its severity was evaluated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). The Khalfa hyperacusis scale (HQ) was employed to determine the degree of hyperacusis, and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to assess anxiety levels in 44 individuals experiencing subjective chronic tinnitus. Correlation and comparison analyses were conducted between the scales. Results: A significant statistical correlation was observed between THI and VAS, HQ, and STAI (p<0.05). Anxiety levels differed significantly between individuals with and without hyperacusis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tinnitus severity is associated with tinnitus loudness, hyperacusis, anxiety scores. Accordingly, it can be said that as the tinnitus handicap score increases, perceived tinnitus loudness, hyperacusis, and state and trait anxiety also increase
Forecasting Natural Gas Consumption by User Type Using Machine Learning: A Comparative Study
No full textThis study aims to develop user-type-specific machine learning models to forecast natural gas consumption for residential and commercial user groups in İzmir, Turkey. Multiple Linear Regression, Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost algorithms were implemented, and model performance was enhanced through hyperparameter optimization. The models were evaluated using MAE and RMSE metrics. Results indicate that LightGBM and Random Forest provided the most accurate forecasts overall, with LightGBM performing best in the residential group and Random Forest slightly outperforming others in the commercial group. In contrast, MLR underperformed due to the non-linear nature of the data. Residential consumption patterns were found to be more predictable, leading to lower error rates, whereas the commercial group exhibited higher variability and forecast challenges. The study highlights the importance of distinguishing user types and employing well-tuned machine learning algorithms for improved energy demand forecasting
Prevalence of arteriovenous fistula use in hemodialysis patients in Burdur province
No full textObjective: This study aimed to examine the vascular access routes used by patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment in our province and determine the prevalence of arteriovenous (AV) fistula use. Methods: Patients who were receiving regular hemodialysis treatment in Burdur province as of April 2024 were included in the study. Data on patients' age, gender, comorbidities, duration of dialysis, type of vascular access, and history of hemodialysis access were retrospectively reviewed and recorded using electronic patient records. Results: The mean age of 197 patients evaluated in the study was 62.48±14.13 years. Of the patients, 63 (32%) were female and 134 (68%) were male. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in 61.9% of the cases. The number of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment through an AV fistula was 136 (69%). The mean age of patients receiving treatment via an AV fistula was significantly lower than those receiving treatment via an indwelling hemodialysis catheter (P=0.011). Among the patients treated with an indwelling hemodialysis catheter, 59% had no history of AV fistula surgery. The mean age of patients without a history of AV fistula surgery was statistically significantly higher than those with a history of AV fistula surgery (69.28±14.98 vs. 60.96±13.52, respectively; P=0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that one out of every two patients undergoing hemodialysis through an indwelling hemodialysis catheter has no history of AV fistula surgery. Reaching these patients and prioritizing AV fistula planning is crucial for achieving long-term success in hemodialysis treatment and reducing complications
Prioritizing Early-Stage Start-Up Investment Alternatives Under Uncertainty: A Venture Capital Perspective
No full textEarly-stage start-up selection is a critical yet challenging task for venture capital (VC) investors due to high uncertainty, limited historical data, and rapidly evolving business environments. Traditional evaluation processes often fall short in systematically handling multiple qualitative and uncertain factors that influence start-up success. As a result, there is a growing demand for robust decision models that can support VC firms in identifying promising early-stage ventures more accurately and consistently. This study presents a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach tailored to the needs of venture capital investment under uncertainty. The model integrates expert judgment using the proportional spherical fuzzy AHP method to evaluate the relative importance of key dimensions. Then, spherical fuzzy TOPSIS is applied to rank investment alternatives based on their overall performance rankings. The proposed framework enables VC decision-makers to incorporate both subjective insights and data ambiguity in a structured and transparent way. It offers a practical tool to enhance the reliability of early-stage investment evaluations and improve the effectiveness of venture capital portfolio strategies
Terapi Sürecinde Karşı Aktarım ve Terapötik İttifakın İlişkisi Üzerine Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme
No full textThis study aimed to explore the role of countertransference within psychotherapy by reviewing research on the relationship between countertransference and the therapeutic alliance. Articles published in Turkish and English between January 1999 and December 2024 were searched using specific keywords across Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycNET, MEDLINE, TR Dizin, and Ulakbim. Fifteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Countertransference was defined in various ways and assessed either by therapists or external observers. At the same time, the therapeutic alliance was generally evaluated using Bordin's theoretical framework with data collected from therapists, clients, and supervisors. Overall, the findings presented mixed results regarding their relationship. Cross-sectional studies indicated that negative countertransference tends to weaken the therapeutic alliance, whereas positive countertransference may enhance it. In contrast, longitudinal studies suggested that the beneficial effects of positive countertransference are mostly evident during early treatment stages but may diminish or even impair the alliance in later phases. The most significant contribution of countertransference to therapy appears to be its capacity to support the therapeutic alliance when effectively managed. In conclusion, despite the complex findings regarding positive countertransference, there is a broad consensus that negative countertransference harms the therapeutic alliance. Importantly, some studies show that these adverse effects can be addressed and transformed into positive therapeutic outcomes, which is encouraging for the therapy process. These results underscore the importance for clinicians to develop skills in recognizing and managing countertransference dynamics to foster and maintain a strong therapeutic relationship
Caffeine use in preterm neonates: national insights into Turkish NICU practices
No full textObjective: Caffeine is a proven medication used for the prevention and treatment of apnea in premature infants, offering both short- and long-term benefits. International guidelines provide a range of recommendations regarding the preterm population eligible for caffeine prophylaxis, including the timing, dosage, and duration of treatment. Our national guidelines, published prior to the most recent updates of the international guidelines, recommend the use of caffeine citrate starting from the first day after delivery for preterm infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks. For infants up to 32 weeks, if positive pressure ventilation is required, the decision should be made on an individual basis. This study aims to describe the variability in caffeine usage across neonatal intensive care units in our country. Methods: An online survey was sent to neonatologist who are members of the Turkish Neonatology Society to describe the variability in caffeine usage in neonatal intensive care units in our country. Results: We collected responses from 74 units. Prophylactic caffeine usage was observed as; GA <= 27(6/7): 98.6%, GA 28(0/7)-28(6/7): 89.0%, GA 29(0/7)-29(6/7): 75.3%, GA 30(0/7)-31(6/7): 53.4%. 62.2% of units reported administering loading dose within the first two hours. The initial maintenance dose was 5 mg/kg in 64.8% of units, 10 mg/kg in 32.4% of units, and intermediate dose in 5.3% of units. 47.3% of units reported no routine dose adjustment. The postmenstrual age that caffeine treatment was stopped was found to be 34 (min-max; 32-36) weeks for infants without apnea and respiratory support, 36 (min-max; 34-52) weeks for infants without apnea but any respiratory support. The time to discharge after treatment cessation was found as; 1-4 days: 37.8%, 5-7 days: 68.9%. Among the 56 units with multiple responsible physicians, 32.1% reported intra-unit variations. Conclusion: The significant differences in caffeine usage characteristics between and within units highlight the need for clear recommendations provided by standardized guidelines