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Electrochemical Immunosensor Using COOH-Functionalized 3D Graphene Electrodes for Sensitive Detection of Tau-441 Protein
No full textEarly diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for effective treatment; however current diagnostic methods are often complex, costly, and unsuitable for point-of-care testing. Graphene-based biosensors offer an alternative due to their affordability, versatility, and high conductivity. However, graphene's conductivity can be compromised when its carbon lattice is oxidized to introduce functional groups for biomolecule immobilization. This study addresses this challenge by developing an electrochemical immunosensor using carboxyl-modified commercial graphene foam (COOH-GF) electrodes. The conductivity of graphene is preserved by enabling efficient COOH modification through pi-pi non-covalent interactions, while antibody immobilization is optimized via EDC-NHS carbodiimide chemistry. The immunosensor detects tau-441, an AD biomarker, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), achieving a detection range of 1 fM-1 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 fM both in PBS and human serum. It demonstrates high selectivity against other AD-related proteins, including tau-217, tau-181, amyloid beta (A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42), and 1% BSA. These findings underscore its potential as a highly sensitive, cost-effective tool for early AD diagnosis.European Union's HORIZON-MSCA Doctoral Networks 2021 program [101071485]; European Union; Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [101071485] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)This work is financially supported by the European Union's HORIZON-MSCA Doctoral Networks 2021 program under grant agreement No. 101071485
Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Rehabilitation
No full textVirtual reality (VR) has experienced significant growth in the healthcare industry in recent years. Its utilization in the feld of physiotherapy has also gained momentum, particularly in the realm of rehabilitation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Evaluation of systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients
No full textBackground & Objective: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging findings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (neutrophil*platelet/lymphocyte count) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (monocyte*neutrophil/lymphocyte count) as inflammatory markers with IIH in pediatric patients. Methods: A total of 42 eyes from 21 pediatric patients diagnosed with IIH and 42 eyes from 21 control subjects were included in the study. Macular and peripapillary measurements, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SII, and SIRI were recorded. Results: The study included groups matched for age and gender. When comparing inflammatory parameters, significantly higher values were observed in individuals with IIH for NLR (P < 0.001), PLR (P = 0.005), SII (P < 0.001), and SIRI (P < 0.016). In the univariate analysis of inflammatory parameters, NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI values were identified as potential markers for IIH (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.004, P = 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, NLR and PLR values were significantly higher (NLR: OR=3.8, 95% differences were found in mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) values between the two groups on OCT (p<0.001). Significant differences were also detected in ganglion cell layer thickness values between the two groups (p=0.003). Conclusion: Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggests that NLR and PLR values could be effectively used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in SII and SIRI values
Interaction Activity of Metal-Free Phthalocyanine Compound Bearing Tetra -(2-(N-2-Cyanoethyl)aminoethylsulfanyl) Units with DNA
No full textThe phthalocyanine having 4-(2-(N-2-cyanoethyl)aminoethylsulfanyl) group had been reported earlier in the literature. In this current studying, DNA binding activity of 1Pc phthalocyanine bearing 4-(2-(N-2-cyanoethyl)aminoethylsulfanyl units was examined spectroscopically via elctronic absoption, A fluorescence titration, melting point profile, A electrophoresis and viscosity methods. The interaction activity of 1Pc compound was examined at differing concentrations. UV/Vis spectrometer, viscosity, Afluorescence spectroscopy and thermal melting temperature confirmed that 1Pc binds to the DNA. The K-b of 1PcAis also estimated via UV/Vis titration and K-b of 1Pc was computed as 2.1394 x 10(6) M-1. The K(b)value demonstrated that 1Pc reacts with DNA by an intercalative mechanism. Alongside this research, the mechanism by which the compound binds to DNA was investigated by determining Tm. The Tm of DNA + 1Pc complex was identified as 74.31. This data confirmed that 1Pc binds to DNA intercalatively. All the results obtained from the used methods demonstrated that 1Pc phthalocyanine compound has an efficient DNA interaction activity and 1Pc phthalocyanine compound interacts with DNA via an intercalative mechanism. As a result, the compound mayAbe a therapeutic agent due to its DNA interaction property
Evaluating the Accessibility, Usability, and Security of Corporate Investor Relations Web Pages: A Case Study of the Turkish Stock Market
No full textThis study investigates the accessibility, usability, and security of investor relations (IR) web pages of 53 companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST), focusing on both BIST-30, representing the most liquid and highly capitalized companies, and BIST-2022, companies that had their initial public offerings (IPOs) in 2022. Using automated testing tools, the analysis examines adherence to the WCAG 2.1 guidelines, mobile responsiveness, and security measures. The findings reveal that accessibility issues, particularly related to the robust and perceivable principles, are prevalent across the assessed web pages, with BIST-30 companies showing a higher rate of errors. While BIST-2022 companies generally performed better in usability, with faster loading times and fewer broken links, security assessments indicated low to medium risks across both categories. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality assessment of corporate IR web pages and highlights the necessity for enhancements in accessibility, usability and security, providing valuable insights for web administrators and developers to improve the quality of IR web pages
Challenges in Interpreting Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Polymerase Chain Reaction Results: Understanding the Results Related to HHV-6, HHV-7, and Enterovirus
No full textObjective: We have aimed to evaluate our experience in interpreting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and enterovirus in children with suspected viral meningoencephalitis. Method: Children aged 1 month to 5 years underwent PCR analyses. Samples were collected via lumbar puncture and assessed using real-time PCR for the identification of enterovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7. Results: Most (79. 8%) of 109 CSF samples analyzed did not show the presence of any viral particles. Among the positive samples, 8.3% were positive only for HHV-6, 6.4% for HHV-7, and 1.9% for enterovirus. Two samples showed positivity for both HHV-6 and HHV-7; one sample for HHV-7 and enterovirus; and another sample for HHV-6, HHV-7, and enterovirus. Among the PCR-positive patients, fever (77%) and seizures (59%) were the most prevalent presenting symptoms. A statistically significantly higher incidence of seizures was observed in patients with HHV-7 positivity compared to those in whom no virus was detected (p=0.003). At discharge, three patients received alternative diagnoses. Conclusion: The most frequently detected virus was HHV-6, followed by HHV-7. Enterovirus was detected at a lower frequency than expected, most probably due to the rapid clearance of enterovirus from the CSF and coronavirus disease 2019 mitigation. Considering the possible latency or chromosomal integration (for HHV-6), clinical presentations, CSF findings, and patient-specific additional diagnostic work-up were influential on the decision-making process for diagnosis. In the absence of advanced molecular techniques, it is crucial to recognize that HHV-6 and HHV-7 may be bystanders, and other potential pathogens and diagnoses should be considered.Scientific Research Projects Unit of the University of Health SciencesFinancial Disclosure: This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of the University of Health Sciences
Design and Simulation of a High-Order Memristor Emulator Based on Cascaded OTA Integrators
No full textThis paper proposes a novel nth-order memristor emulator circuit that employs operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), grounded capacitors and a single NMOS transistor. Unlike traditional emulators, which are limited to first-order behavior, the presented design realizes higher-order memristive characteristics electronically by cascading integrator stages. This approach offers a practical way to investigate the complex memory effects that are crucial for advanced computational models and difficult to achieve with physical devices or first-order emulators. The emulator is fully resistorless and offers electronic tunability via OTA bias currents, providing memductance control. The circuit was implemented using 0.18 mu m CMOS technology and validated through PSPICE simulations. The results demonstrate characteristic pinched hysteresis loops (PHLs) that vary with frequency, confirming the circuit's memristive nature. The emulator supports both incremental and decremental configurations, exhibiting robust performance under Monte Carlo and temperature variation analyses
Diagnostic Success of Non-contrast Computed Tomography Findings in Central Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Case Control Study
No full textOBJECTIVE: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) but it cannot be used safely in conditions such as renal failure and contrast allergy. Therefore, recognition of emboli with noncontrast thoracic CT can be useful in the management of PTE. The aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic success of noncontrast thoracic CT findings in the diagnosis of PTE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who had both non-contrast thorax CT and CTPA imaging within 24 hours and were diagnosed with PTE were analyzed. A control group was formed by randomization in a 1:1 ratio (n = 55). CTPA images of the patients in both groups were evaluated blindly by two expert radiologists and demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients had embolism. The mean age was 68.5 +/- 15.2. Mortality rates were 36.4% in the embolism group and 40.0% in the control group. The main pulmonary artery diameter was significantly higher in the PTE group (32.0 mm vs. 29.4 mm, P = 0.007). The mean attenuation of the pulmonary blood pool in the PTE group was higher than that of the control group [46.2 Hounsfield CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect findings obtained from non-contrast thoracic CT can help the diagnosis, in patients in whom CTPA cannot be performed. Diagnostic utility may increase when the presence of these findings is evaluated together with clinical and laboratory findings. Validation studies should be performed in larger populations
Model-agnostic search for dijet resonances with anomalous jet substructure in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV
No full textThis paper presents a model-agnostic search for narrow resonances in the dijet final state in the mass range 1.8-6 TeV. The signal is assumed to produce jets with substructure atypical of jets initiated by light quarks or gluons, with minimal additional assumptions. Search regions are obtained by utilizing multivariate machine-learning methods to select jets with anomalous substructure. A collection of complementary anomaly detection methods-based on unsupervised, weakly supervised, and semisupervised algorithms-are used in order to maximize the sensitivity to unknown new physics signatures. These algorithms are applied to data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb-1, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excesses above background expectations are seen. Exclusion limits are derived on the production cross section of benchmark signal models varying in resonance mass, jet mass, and jet substructure. Many of these signatures have not been previously sought, making several of the limits reported on the corresponding benchmark models the first ever. When compared to benchmark inclusive and substructure-based search strategies, the anomaly detection methods are found to significantly enhance the sensitivity to a variety of models.SC; FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium); CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador) [MoER TK202]; ERC PRG; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA)We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)
The effect of the LSVT-BIG protocol through telerehabilitation on balance, gait, fatigue and quality of life in parkinson's disease
No full textParkinson hastalığı motor ve motor olmayan bulgularla karakterize nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın ortaya çıkardığı bulgular günlük yaşam aktivitelerini zorlaştırmakla birlikte yaşam kalitesini ciddi oranda düşürmektedir. LSVT-BIG protokolü hastanın hareket yürütme algısını düzenleyerek normal hareket amplitüdünü geri kazandırmayı amaçlayan göreve özgü, tekrarlayıcı ve yüksek yoğunluklu egzersizleri içermektedir. Protokolün içeriği maksimal günlük egzersizler, fonksiyonel bileşen egzersizleri, hiyerarşi egzersizleri ve "büyük" yürüme (büyük amplitüdlü kol salınımı ve adım uzunluğu ile yürüme) olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız Parkinson hastalarında telerehabilitasyon tabanlı uygulanan LSVT-BIG protokolünün denge, yürüyüş, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Parkinson hastalığı tanılı 40 olgu dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar deney ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki gruba randomize edildi. Deney grubuna 4 hafta boyunca haftada 4 seans ve her seans 1 saat olacak şekilde video konferans yöntemi ile telerehabilitasyon tabanlı LSVT-BIG protokolü uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna ise aynı zaman diliminde rutin tedavilerine ek herhangi bir fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımı uygulanmadı. Hastalar kliniğe ilk geldiklerinde ve 4 haftanın sonunda değerlendirildi. Hastalık şiddeti ve evresi Birleşik Parkinson Hastalığı Derecelendirme Ölçeği (BPHDÖ) ve Hoehn Yahr Evrelemesi ile değerlendirildi. Denge Aktiviteye Özgü Denge Güven Ölçeği, Berg Denge Ölçeği, Tek Ayak Üzerinde Durma Testi ve Dört Adım Kare Testi ile değerlendirildi. Yürüyüş Dinamik Yürüme İndeksi, Sekiz Şekilli Yürüme Testi ile değerlendirildi. Yorgunluk Parkinson Yorgunluk Anketi ile ve yaşam kalitesi Parkinson Hastalığı Anketi-8 ile değerlendirildi. Tedavinin ardından yapılan değerlendirmede yalnızca deney grubu BPHDÖ'nün tüm bölümlerinde anlamlı iyileşme gösterdi (p0,05). Tedavi sonrası deney grubunda Dört Adım Kare Testi hariç tüm denge, yürüyüş, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi değerlerinde anlamlı şekilde iyileşme elde edildi (p<0,05). Tedavi sonrası Dört Adım Kare Testi ve Hoehn Yahr evresi hariç tüm değerlerde gruplar arası fark deney grubu lehine anlamlıdır (p<0,05). Parkinson hastaları rutin tedavilerine ek fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon uygulamalarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Video konferans yöntemi ile uygulanan telerehabilitasyon tabanlı LSVT-BIG programı denge, yürüyüş, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi üzerinde etkili bir fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımıdır. Programın klinikte kolay uygulanabilir olması ve telerehabilitasyona etkin bir şekilde uyarlanabilmesi sebebiyle klinikte kolaylıkla tercih edilebilir.Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that greatly impairs activities of daily living and quality of life. The LSVT-BIG protocol is a new rehabilitative approach including task-specific, repetitive, and high-intensity exercises that aim to restore normal movement amplitude by calibrating the patient's perception of movement execution. Protocol consists of four phases: maximal daily exercises, functional component exercises, hierarchy exercises, and "big" walking (walking with large amplitude arm swing and stride length). Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of telerehabilitation-based LSVT-BIG protocol on balance, gait, fatigue and quality of life in Parkinson's disease. 40 patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease were randomized into two groups: experimental and control groups. Telerehabilitation-based LSVT-BIG protocol was applied to the experimental group via video conferencing method, 4 sessions per week for 4 weeks, each session lasting 1 hour. Control group did not receive any physiotherapy rehabilitation approach. Both groups continued their routine medical treatment during study. Patients were evaluated when they first came to the clinic and at the end of 4 weeks. Disease severity and stage were assessed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn Yahr Scale. Balance was assessed with the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Berg Balance Scale, One-Leg Standing Test, and Four-Step Square Test. Gait was assessed with the Dynamic Gait Index and Figure-of-Eight Walking Test. Fatigue was assessed with the Parkinson Fatigue Questionnaire and quality of life with the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-8. After the treatment, only the experimental group showed significant improvement in all parts of UPDRS (p<0,05). After treatment, significant improvements were obtained in all balance, gait, fatigue and quality of life values except Four-Step Square Test in the experimental group (p<0,05). The difference between the groups in all values except the Four-Step Square Test and the Hoehn Yahr stage after treatment was significant in favor of the experimental group (p<0,05). Parkinson's patients need physiotherapy and rehabilitation practices in addition to their routine treatments. Telerehabilitation-based LSVT-BIG program implemented via video conferencing method is an effective physiotherapy and rehabilitation approach on balance, gait, fatigue and quality of life. The program can be easily preferred in the clinic because it can be easily applied in the clinic and can be effectively adapted to telerehabilitation