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Cyanine Renaissance: Tailoring the Properties to Applications
Get PDFIn this account, we provide an overview of the applications that arose from the recently developed synthetic methodology that delivers heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) substituted at the central chain. The ability to easily introduce and manipulate various substituents in different substitution patterns along the cyanine chain enabled rational tailoring of the photophysical and photochemical properties. Exercising this control over the structure–property relationship proved to have a substantial impact in the field of cyanine dyes and was swiftly harnessed in a number of emerging applications in distinct areas, including fluorescent probes, biosensors, dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles, phototruncation of cyanines and photocages. While this method unlocked a number of new avenues, many synthetic challenges remain to be conquered in order to fully capitalize on the potential of cyanines, and we provide a short perspective that summarizes them at the end of this manuscript
Microbes for Archaeological Wood Conservation
Get PDFThis project focuses on innovative biological methods of extraction for the preservation of waterlogged wood suffering from salt precipitation and acidification. The principal investigator and her team proposed to exploit biomineralization capacities of some bacteria for anticipating the extraction of iron and sulfur compounds when wood is still wet. A comprehensive assessment of the extraction performances achieved on wood objects from lake and marine environments will allow a versatile extraction method to be proposed to end-users
The Evolution of the Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst \u27AmoMax®-CASALE\u27
Get PDFDespite the Haber-Bosch process being more than 100 years old, only incremental improvements have been achieved until recently. Now, by combining the catalyst expertise of CLARIANT and the engineering knowledge of CASALE, a breakthrough has been realized. AmoMax®-Casale is a new ammonia synthesis catalyst jointly developed by Casale and Clariant particularly for use in Casale ammonia converters. AmoMax®-Casale is a customized evolution of the well-known, wustite-based catalyst, AmoMax® 10. While retaining the same superior resistance to ageing, poisoning and mechanical strength, AmoMax®-Casale is significantly more active. This feature allows to reduce the loop recycle rate and the loop pressure and/or to increase the ammonia production. The higher activity of AmoMax®-Casale contributes to improve the overall operating efficiency either by saving energy, or by increasing significantly the plant capacity. This article will describe in detail the successful development of AmoMax®-Casale, explain advantages and commercial benefits based on concrete plant simulations and share the start-up experience of the first commercial reference
Root Exudation of Specialized Molecules for Plant-Environment Interaction
Get PDFIt has been estimated that between 40 and 60 % of the assimilated carbon is diverted to the roots and released in the rhizosphere in form of root exudates. Root exudates thus define a complex mixture of low and high molecular weight compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic, and proteins, but also a broad spectrum of specialized molecules, such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, or alkaloids. Root exudates favour soil mineral nutrition, can bind to soil aggregate and in turn modify soil physico-chemical properties, but also mediate plant-plant, plant-microbe, and plant-animal interactions belowground. With this review, we aim to highlight how chemical ecologists have approached the study of root exudates-mediated interactions between plants and their biotic and abiotic surroundings. We do so by presenting a series of study cases for, on one hand, showcasing different methodologies that have been developed to test the activity of different root exudates, and, on the other hand, to show the broad array of interactions mediated by root exudates. Ultimately, we aim to spur further research and collaborations between chemists and ecologists studying belowground chemically-mediated interactions, so as to tackle essential challenges in terms of food security and climate change in the near future
