PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMAL TRADING TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT- THE CASE STUDY OF TSHAKUMA FRUIT MARKET, LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA
Get PDFSince 1994 the informal trading sector has been growing in South Africa. Though defined as informal, and remaining largely unregulated, the sector has played, and continues to play, a significant role in creating jobs and enhancing the spirit of entrepreneurship in our country, besides helping many citizens to be financially self-reliant. The case study focuses on informal traders in the Tshakuma fruit market in Limpopo Province, South Africa, the main objective being to explore the nature and extent of the contribution of these traders to the development of tourism in the Venda District Municipality (VDM). The location of this market was considered of particular interest as a setting, not only because of Government’s recent R 4.85 million intervention to boost economic growth in the area, but also because it is on the main tourist route to a primary national and international tourist attraction: the Kruger National Park. The study employed a quantitative research method using questionnaires distributed to both traders and tourists and a thematic content data analysis. Study found tourism in the VDM to have expanded significantly in recent years particularly in the vicinity of the market. The findings indicate both the potential both for the informal trading market to be a pulling factor for the Kruger National Park and other tourist attractions in the area, and also to address the high rates of employment and insufficient incomes associated with poverty in our country
ANALYZING STUDENTS’ COURSE EVALUATIONS USING TEXT MINING: VISUALIZATION OF OPEN-ENDED RESPONSES IN A CO-OCCURRENCE NETWORK
Get PDFJapan’s Standards for Establishment of Universities states, “A university shall conduct organized training and research to improve the content and methodology used in courses at said university.” Based on this, most of Japan’s universities have recently implemented course evaluations by students. Student course evaluations are intended to quantify and provide an understanding of students’ satisfaction with their courses, and all universities are implementing them as one way to objectively evaluate courses. These course evaluations often combine computer-graded multiple-choice items with open-ended items. Computer-graded multiple-choice items are easy to assess because the responses are quantifiable. However, open-ended items’ responses are text data, and objectively grasping the students’ general tendencies is challenging. Moreover, it is difficult to avoid risking arbitrary and subjective interpretations of the data by the analysts who summarize them. Therefore, to avoid these risks as much as possible, the so-called “text-mining” method or “quantitative content analysis” approach might be useful. This study shares our experiences using text mining to analyze students’ course evaluations through the visualization of their open-ended responses in a co-occurrence network, and we discuss the potential of this method. 
THE NEED TO AMEND ARTICLE 38 OF THE STATUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Get PDFArticle 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ Statute) was not introduced initially as the primary reference to the sources of international law because the word “a source” was not mentioned at all in the text of this article. Article 38 has mainly been inserted in the Statute of ICJ as a guide that facilitates the work of judges of the court to settle the disputes between states. However, it is recognised now that this article is regarded as an authoritative statement on the sources of international law (Wallace, 1997).This paper argues that Article 38 (1) no longer reflects the actual sources of international law in the twenty-first century. In other words, there are some new and emerging sources of international law that should be included in Article 38 of the ICJ Statute. For example, the resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations (not listed in Article 38) intervened in most areas of international law and many of such resolutions no longer are political and executive. The Security Council plays now a legislative role and has become a primary source of international law. Also, the judicial decisions of international courts can be considered in the current time as another primary source and not a subsidiary source, as stated in Article 38 (1) of the ICJ Statute. The decisions of the International Criminal Court and the ad hoc tribunals (created by the Security Council) are a good illustration of such source.This paper concludes that the content of Article 38(1) of the ICJ does not correspond with the actual sources of international law in practice and there is a need to amend this article
WHICH WAY IS NIGERIA HEADING? THE POST-COLONIAL POLITICAL SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES
Get PDFThis article explores development challenges in Nigeria through a qualitative methodological approach. In explaining the challenges pitting Nigerian economy and development, the objectives adopt modernization and dependency theories for analysis. The information gathered from the field suggests that there is the need for the blend of the Nigerian pre-colonial traditional systems with the post-colonial political system in addressing developmental issues. An overhaul of the existing political systems to accommodate Nigerian traditional and democratic punitive measures in addressing the country developmental challenges is prescribed. The ingenuity in pre-colonial traditional system cannot be overemphasized hence, the paper concludes that, for Nigeria to achieve the status quo of developed nations, a lot of works and review needs to be done internally in the Nigerian political systems and institutional structures to eschew the external forces and pressures causing backwardness in our political and economy development in Nigeria.  
“CHALLENGES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SOCIAL SCIENCE –THE DUAL PERSPECTIVE”
Get PDFThe paper presents an overview of prevailing pedagogic practices of social science in India. It also offers an understanding of the obstacles in achieving an effective system of student-teacher interaction in actual humanities classroom which appear as hindrance in the achievement of optimal results. In this study, interview technique is used as qualitative research method and utilized as a means of data collection. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with the teachers as well as the students in the humanities study group. This provided us with the dual perspective on the issue, both from the teachers as well as the student point of view. The analysis of teachers’ interview revealed that the teaching of social science is a reflection of teacher’s own biases and beliefs; dominated by deficit model of thinking and learning. Against this backdrop the paper tries to find a solution to the problem associated with the issue of objectivity in teaching Social Science. The student interviews on the other hand proved as a resource to find the problems faced by them in understanding the various themes dealt by the teachers in the classroom. Hence, the dual perspective has helped us in understanding the problem from both the sides. This study tries to find the gaps that exist between the knowledge imparted by the teachers and the understanding developed by the students in this process. 
USING SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MARKETING TOOL FOR TRAVELLERS
Get PDFThis research assessed the influence of social media in the information search and decision-making processes of local leisure travelers working in the BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) industry in Metro Manila. It synthesized existing researches, concepts and theories to understand how social media applications influence local travelers. It also presented a snapshot of how consumers gather information and make decisions regarding their travel purchases in this rapidly increasing, commercialized field. Specifically, the paper described the socio-demographic profile of the travelers. It determined the social media sites most frequently used by travelers, the factors and elements that help in making their travel decisions, and the problems and issues they encountered. A profile comparison between social media and non-social media users was also made to determine if there was a significant difference between the two sets of respondents
AN ETHICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF SECURITY AGENCIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CRIMES IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
Get PDFThe nature and character of Post-Colonial states in Africa has remained in a state of vague. This is because of the contradictions between the bequeathed functions of the state and the systematic arrangements of actualizing its fundamental objectives. It is based on this premise that the objective of study sets out to ethically assess the performances of Nigeria’s security agencies in the management of Nigeria’s security challenges between 1999 and 2017.The study is necessitated by the debate in theoretical literature on the relationship between democracy and security. It is against this backdrop that the study sets to ethically investigate whether the re-introduction of democratic rule in Nigeria in 1999 has enhanced the security of lives and property of Nigerian citizens between 1999 and 2017.Data for the study were gathered and analyzed using the descriptive method. The Marxist theory of post- colonial state formed the framework of its analysis. The finding of the study is that the re-introduction of civil rule in Nigeria has not enhanced the security of lives and properties of Nigerian citizens as expected. The study therefore recommends among other things the need for forensic training and future studies on the organization of Nigeria’s security intelligence to ethically assess the management and performances of the nation’s security out fits. 
CONSUMERISM IN COSMETICS INDUSTRY: THE CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES OF THE BODY SHOP IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFCosmetics industry is the world's largest multi-billion dollar rapidly growing industry. Consumerism in cosmetics is a growing phenomenon that needs to be investigated from the perspective of social ethics. With growing public awareness and demand for socially responsible businesses of cosmetics, nowadays companies take Corporate Social Responsibility into account when planning future socially responsible business operations in different parts of the world. It is an issue that has taken importance in business functions and is taken very seriously. This research article examines one such case study of corporate social responsibility exemplified by The Body Shop in Pakistan. The objective was to gauge whether the consumers are aware of the corporate social responsibilities of the brands, especially the cosmetics brands. A survey is conducted from (N= 100) respondents through a well-structured questionnaire by convenience sampling from the consumers of The Body Shop located in Lahore, Pakistan. The respondents are approached as those who are users of the brand; those who visited the outlet for purchases. The findings of the study reveal that most of the consumers of The Body Shop in Pakistan are aware that the brand follows CSR as its key business function. The brand poses its responsibility towards the society by practicing corporate citizenship and philanthropic aspects. The study has theoretical and business development implications
ARTICULATED DIFFICULTIES OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS AT TAYTAY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (TSHS) IN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY
Get PDFEnglish has been the medium of instruction since the beginning of the 20th century in the Philippines during the arrival of the Americans. This has been incorporated holistically in the society through the educational system, communication, mass media, publications and social media. It is given therefore that Filipino learners are bilingual-- i.e., speaking both Filipino (the native tongue) and English as Second Language (ESL). After a century though, proficiency in the language is still a difficulty and an anxiety, especially from public school learners. In Taytay Senior High School (a public senior high school), Grade 11 students were observed of certain levels of difficulties in reading, writing, speaking and listening. In this study, the researchers probed deeper into the following: a.) the difficulties experienced by grade 11 students b.) the factors that led to such difficulties and c.) the articulated ways to help them overcome such difficulties in English proficiency. As a descriptive study, the researchers used pre-survey, survey, FGD and extensive literature review as methodologies. The survey results revealed problematic stages on vocabulary, training and knowledge, confidence and self-esteem and interest. Articulated in the FGD furthermore were issues of generation, practice/articulation, and system as factors that led to difficulties in reading writing, speaking and listening. On the other hand, Grade 11 students underscored power of mind, the use of native language and practice as methodical solutions to the problem. Further directions of this study could include elaboration of the FGD results that pertain to issues of generation, practice/articulation and system. The use of native language could also be expounded on future studies
NON-MONETARY PRICE AND CONSUMERS’ INTENTION TO BUY ONLINE
Get PDFWhile online shopping is considered efficient and easy there is also another side of the medal, the consumers feeling of risk, uncertainty and strenuous when they shop online. Consumers shopping online exhibit an odd behavior of abandoning their shopping carts instead of proceeding to checkout. This behavior would be very unlikely to see in a physical store (Close & Kukar-Kinney, 2010). If this problem is not given proper examination and paid attention to, sales profit may decrease quite a bit. Retailers need to study the differences between online consumer behaviors versus in-store consumer behaviors. It is important for the online retail companies to learn about consumer behavior so that they can make changes accordingly to increase productivity. We suggests that the risk and effort related to online shopping can be viewed as an additional cost beyond the price, usually named as the nonmonetary price in the consumer behavior literature. We draw from this theory of nonmonetary price combined with what is known about the intention to purchase from online stores, to build and test a model of customers’ web store purchase intentions. Field data from 275 respondents was obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that purchase intention is influenced by the feeling of risk and effort in addition to the perceived value (such as competitive price and easily available products). The most interesting finding is that customers' whom invest a lot of effort in, e.g., comparing stores and identifying deals seems to generate strong purchase intentions, a finding that is the opposite of what we expected to find.