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427 research outputs found
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Virtual Sensor Design for Replacement the Faulty Physical Sensors
Full text linkAbstract: The paper considers the problem of virtual sensor design for nonlinear dynamic systems with non-smooth nonlinearities described by continuous-time models for faulty physical sensor replacement. It is assumed that to solve the problem, the system is equipped by diagnostic system allowing detecting and isolating the faulty sensor. For every such a sensor, the virtual sensor generating estimate replacing the faulty sensor is designed. To solve the problem, so-called logic-dynamic approach is used which does not guarantee optimal solution but uses only methods of linear algebra to solve the problem for systems with non-smooth nonlinearities. The virtual sensor can be designed in the identification canonical form or Jordan canonical form. The advantage of the first form is a standard procedure of the virtual sensor design while Jordan form allows obtaining a simpler solution. The relations allowing designing the virtual sensor both in identification and in Jordan canonical form are derived
Research on Force Interaction Devices Specialized for Blind Guidance Robot
Full text linkAbstract: As a new type of human-computer interaction, physical human-robot interaction is very common in guide robots and is the mainstream of future development. However, the force interaction device is hard to choose according to actual application requirements. In this paper, we compared the force transmission characteristics of three interaction mediums: rigid rod, spring-damping, and cable. The result shows that the rigid rod will bring a force impact on blind users when the robot’s motion state switches, while the spring-damper can not perform well in its response and stability. In contrast, the cable is more suitable in this area for its fast response and stability, moreover, it does not impose a dramatic impact when imposing an excitation force
Organic and Inorganic Modified Montmorillonite as a Scavenger of Formaldehyde in Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Composites
Full text linkThis research used montmorillonite (K10) modified with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The samples are marked with MMT, OMMT for organic-modified montmorillonite, and AMMT for inorganic-modified montmorillonite. UF resin with a molar ratio FA/U = 0.8 was synthesized in situ with modified and unmodified MMT. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the MMT samples. The degree of activation was determined based on the measurement of specific surface area, which was determined by the Sears method. The sulfite method was used to determine free and released formaldehyde from synthesized urea-formaldehyde/montmorillonite (UF/MMT) composites. SEM analysis showed changes in the OMMT morphology and the formation of a hollow network, affecting the clay\u27s absorption capacity. Measurement of the specific surface area shows that higher values were obtained for AMMT (183 m2/g) compared to OMMT (13.5 m2/g). Despite that, the free and released formaldehyde amount was 0.06% and 4.6% for UF/AMMT and 0.1% and 1.0% for UF/OMMT. The larger interlayer spacing and hydrophobic nature of OMMT make it an effective barrier within the UF resin matrix
Towards a Russian Model of Islamic Banking: Legal Lessons from Bahrain, Indonesia, and the UAE
Full text linkIslamic banking law is a growing matter in the Islamic world. This kind of banking law which is based on Sharia, recently has played a big role in attracting foreign investments in Islamic states. The significant impact of this banking system has made some states to adopt a precise legal framework for their Islamic banking; As the United Arab Emirates in 1985, Bahrain in 2006 and Indonesia in 2008 have approved their Islamic banking laws. Russia, as a state with Muslim republics, adopted the Islamic Banking Law which entered into force in four republics, namely Republic of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Dagestan and Chechnya on September 1, 2023.
Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to answer the basic question: What is a good framework of Islamic banking law which can attract foreign investments?
Method: the qualitative and general logical methods, as well as research techniques are used in analyzing shariah law especially Islamic banking contracts and the complying the Russian banking law with the Sharia framework.
Results: considering the United Arab Emirates Law No. 6 of 1985 on Islamic banks, the law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic banking of Indonesia and Bahrain Islamic banking regulatory framework No. 64 of 2006 as a comprehensive Islamic banking laws and analyzing the new Russian banking law, I came to the conclusion that a good framework of Islamic banking law which attracts foreign investment is based on four criteria i.e. Islamic basis, Islamic contracts, Islamic financial institutions and Islamic supervision
Unveiling the AI–Blockchain Nexus in Sustainable Food Supply Chains: A Meso-Level Systematic Review and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Analysis
Full text linkPurpose/Aim: Describing the integration of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain (AIB) technology, based on a review of 60 peer reviewed studies between 2018 and 2025.
Methodology: Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, the study models the interdependencies among factors to uncover key causal relationships within the AIB Nexus.
Results: The AIB-Nexus is transforming food supply chains. Positioned at the meso level, encompassing networks of producers, processors, distributors, and retailers, the convergence of these technologies enhances sustainability performance and inter-organizational collaboration. Five core benefit dimensions are identified and synthesised: traceability, transparency, sustainability, trust, and safety. Analysis reveals that traceability and transparency emerge as most frequently cited and influential benefits, highlighted in over 75% of studies. Ultimately, the study positions the AIB Nexus as a foundational enabler of resilience, accountability, and sustainability within the global food system.
Managerial relevance: enhanced traceability strengthens trust, thereby amplifying transparency and stakeholder alignment.
Conclusions: a novel stakeholder-centric AIB Nexus framework is proposed that illustrates how AI and blockchain jointly optimize decision-making, enabling real-time monitoring, and promoting sustainable practices across organizational boundaries
Behavioural Insights into Online Shoppers’ Purchase Intention Using Machine Learning Models
Full text linkWith evolving dynamics in e-commerce, user behavior analysis on e-commerce websites has grown more crucial in customer experience improvement and conversion rate optimization. Predictive analytics is instrumental in deriving hidden patterns from user behavior and enabling data-informed decisions. However, amidst vast amounts of web traffic data, the majority of online retailers struggle to identify actionable behavioral cues that accurately predict buying intent on a consistent basis. This study addresses the issue of accurately predicting purchasing intention based on session-based user behavior and demographic data. By examining the "Online Shoppers Purchasing Intention" dataset available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository, this project aims to predict whether or not a user will make a purchase during a session. Using Python as the primary tool, the study employs data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, feature selection, and machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Preliminary results show that page value, bounce rate, and visit month have a significant influence on purchase likelihood. The results highlight the importance of behavioral data in predicting e-commerce outcomes. The results can be utilized to inform strategic planning in UX design, online marketing, and inventory management
Retrofitting Sunspaces in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Vernacular Dwellings: A Mini Review of Solar Gain Enhancement Strategies and Cultural Preservation Challenges
Full text linkIn the context of climate change and the depletion of traditional energy sources, it is significant to explore passive building technologies that are suitable for specific climatic and geographical conditions. This paper reviews strategies for retrofitting sunspaces in vernacular dwellings on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, focusing on enhancing solar gain and addressing cultural preservation challenges. The unique solar utilization characteristics and architectural forms are discussed, highlighting the need for tailored retrofit technologies. The paper analyzes the technological typology of sunspaces, including sun passageways, sunrooms, and sun courts, and evaluates their performance in terms of temperature rise, economic viability, user acceptance, and cultural adaptability. Implementation barriers, such as technical, social, and economical constraints, are identified, and emerging solutions are proposed to overcome these challenges. The study aims to provide insights for future retrofit projects that balance thermal performance improvement with cultural integrity preservation in high-altitude region
Modelling and Analysis of A 6-DOF Robotic Arm for Oil and Gas Pipeline Welding Operations
Full text linkAbstract: Recent advances in robotics and automation technology have spurred the widespread use of robotic arms for industrial operations. Consequently, practising engineers, key players and particularly engineering students must be encouraged to stay abreast with these recent trends by developing hands-on and simulation experience. Therefore, this paper concisely presents the modelling, kinematic analysis as well as simulation results of an educational 6-DoF (Degrees of Freedom) robotic arm designed for welding oil and gas pipelines and other generalised tasks in a MATLAB/Simulink-Simscape environment. The joint movements of the robotic arm were simulated with a sinusoidal reference signal consisting of unit magnitude and frequency of 1 rad/s using the MATLAB Robotics Toolbox. Consequently, the results indicated satisfactory performance as the design allows the robot joints to effectively move the end-effector welding tool-piece in an elliptical path as would be required in the case of welding a cylindrical pipeline for oil and gas operations
Analysis of Position and State Estimation of Quadruped Robot Dog Based on Invariant Extended Kalman Filter
Full text linkAbstract: Compared with the state estimation of quadruped robots based on external sensors such as camera and lidar, the state estimation based on body sensors can provide high-frequency and stable odometer estimation. By analyzing the state estimation methods of the legged robot based on the body sensor, the invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF) based on the body sensor is determined to conduct the state estimation analysis of the quadruped robot. Through various path tracking experiments in simulation and real environment, the influence of travel speed, travel distance and different steering angles on the position state estimation results was analyzed, and the IEKF model was optimized by compensating the angular velocity. Experiments show that within the set speed range, after adding angular velocity compensation, the position estimation accuracy error of the robot dog is well controlled and is less than 1%
Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis on the Performance of Tube-Sheet Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Collectors
Full text linkThe PV/T collectors realize the simultaneous output of electricity and thermal energy, which are more efficient than the separated photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal collectors. In this paper, the electricity generation and thermal collection performances of tube-sheet PV/T collector are studied. The main research contents are as follows: an experimental test system of PV/T collector was built to test the electricity generation and thermal collection performances of tube-sheet PV/T at an inlet water temperature of 30°C. Moreover, the flow resistance test was carried out. In addition, the theoretical heat transfer model was established, and the thermal performance was calculated by theoretical analysis. The experimental data showed that the daily average temperature difference between the PV panel and the inlet water temperature was about 22.5°C. The daily average electrical efficiency was about 9.25%, and the daily average thermal efficiency was about 28.67%. The theoretical analysis of the tube-sheet PV/T model was carried out, and the calculated results were close to the experimental results. The main reason for the large temperature difference between the PV panel and water temperature was that the combined thermal resistance between the PV panel and the absorber plate was large, and reducing the combined thermal resistance could reduce the temperature of the PV panel. The effects of solar irradiance, ambient temperature and spacing of row tubes on the performance of thermal collection were analyzed to optimize the PV/T performance