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An Overview of Digital Twin Concept for Key Components of Renewable Energy Systems
Full text linkRenewable energy (RE) is green and low-carbon energy, which can not only protect the environment, promote the technological diversification of the energy supply system, accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, but also has important significance for the sustainable development of economy. With the increasing complexity of the problems of renewable energy system asset management and ensuring the operational reliability of electric power equipment, it\u27s necessary to establish remote, online, reliable monitoring and inspection techniques for the state evaluation of electrical equipment during the full life cycle. In order to meet these demands, the digital twin is a very suitable technology. In recent years, there are numerous scientific papers demonstrating DT\u27s capabilities in virtual simulation, condition monitoring (CM), power optimization and fault diagnosis for RE generation systems, transmission and transformation equipment and storage systems. The majority of the research focusing on product design, maintenance of operation, condition monitoring and fault decision-making has provided many valuable contributions to academia and industrial fields. Nevertheless, all this valuable information is scattered over many literatures and it is lack of systematic generalization. In this article, different applications of DT technology in RE system are analyzed, advanced methods and theories are summarized comprehensively, and the development trend of DT technology in renewable energy system in the future is introduced
Computer Vision Based Areal Photographic Rocket Detection using YOLOv8 Models
Full text linkAdvances in aerospace engineering and aerodynamics have pioneered space exploration and helped support telecommunication infrastructure. But these same developments have also aided in the creation of weapons of devastating impact. This necessitates the development of ways for detecting and tracking rockets. While several methods, mostly based on Doppler radar exist, the need for active radio emissions limits the applicability of these systems. A passive system has several advantages over traditional techniques, however their potential is largely unexplored. This work seeks to tackle this research gap by exploring the potential of emerging computer vision townies applied to rocket detection and tracking. The advantages of such a system are the relatively low cost as well as passive nature making observation stations harder to detect and easier to deploy. This work explores the potential of pre-trained, lightweight YOLOv8 architectures for rocket detection in real-world situations. A publicly available dataset is utilized and a comparative analysis is carried out between nano and small models. Both models demonstrate favorable outcomes with an accuracy of 0.90 for rocket body detection and 0.93 for engine flame detection. Nevertheless, rocket detection into space is still difficult, with a precision of 0.64 for this class. This paper indicates areas for additional refinement and demonstrates the potential of computer vision technology in passive rocket detection
The Successful Incorporation of Nd Into Ba Site of Y0.9Ho0.1Ba2-yNdyCu3O7-δ Bulk Superconductors
Full text linkAbstract: This inclusive study reports the effect of the Nd atoms on the mechanical, microstructural, electrical and superconducting characteristics of Y0.9Ho0.1Ba2-yNdyCu3O7-δ superconductors with the aid of standard characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, the bulk density, dc resistivity, and transport critical current density. The experimental results such as the degree of granularity, hole localization effect, room temperature resistivity, critical transition temperature, degree of the broadening, thermodynamic fluctuations, crystallinity, crystal plane alignments, crystal structure, grain size, phase purity and lattice parameters, the appearance of flux pinning centers, grain boundary weak-links, surface morphologies elemental compositions and distributions belonging to Y-site Ho and Ba-site Nd substituted Y-123 superconducting samples are discussed in detail for the first time. All the experimental findings show that the microstructural, electrical, mechanical and superconducting properties regularly improve with the increment in the HcN (Ho constant+Nd changeble) until a certain value of y=0.100, beyond which the characteristics tend to retrograde rapidly. This is attributed to the fact that excess penetration of the Nd damages the crucial properties given above
Development of Polymeric Matrix Composite to Replace Grey Cast Iron in Precision CNC Machinery Structures
Full text linkThe structure of CNC machines must withstand the machining loads and have adequate rigidity to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the product. Gray cast iron is the material normally used in the bases of these machines because it has a relatively low cost, is easy to manufacture, has high compressive strength, and has a high vibration damping capacity. The objective of this work was to develop a rock particle reinforced polymer matrix composite with mechanical properties suitable for the design of precision CNC machining machine structures. Different resin and rock types were analyzed and 3 limestone particulate reinforced composites with 13%, 16% and 23% by weight of epoxy matrix phase were developed, and determinate their mechanical properties through compression tests ABNT NBR 5739/2018 standard. With the obtained values, tests were performed in a finite element software to evaluate the use of the material in the structure of the aircraft aircraft wing CNC machine. The results showed that the best mechanical properties were observed in the composite samples containing 16% epoxy, which by FEM test showed an increase in structural stiffness and a 25% reduction in the maximum deformation resulting from the application of machining loads
Rural Credit Crisis in Tamil Nadu With Reference to Structural Causes, Financial Exclusion, and the Urgent Need to Reimagine Inclusive Banking - An Empirical Assessment
Full text linkThis empirical study investigates Tamil Nadu\u27s rural credit crisis, emphasizing its structural, social, and institutional causes. Despite extensive banking infrastructure and microfinance networks, a significant portion of rural households, especially small and marginal farmers, remain excluded from affordable formal credit due to land fragmentation, insecure tenancy, and stringent collateral norms. Social discrimination based on caste and gender further limits access, with marginalized groups facing higher rejection rates and smaller loan amounts. Dependence on informal sources like moneylenders and chit funds charging exorbitant interest rates exacerbates debt burdens and cycles of over-indebtedness. Procedural barriers, low financial literacy, and limited outreach hinder effective utilization of formal banking services, especially in remote areas.
The economic impact includes reduced productivity, limited diversification, and increased poverty among rural communities. To address these issues, the study advocates for reimagining inclusive banking models leveraging digital technology, simplifying procedures, recognizing diverse collateral, and promoting social inclusion. Strengthening cooperative banks, expanding micro-credit schemes, and deploying community-based digital financial services are vital reforms. A comprehensive approach integrating institutional reforms, technological innovation, and targeted social measures can foster financial resilience, reduce reliance on exploitative informal credit, and promote sustainable rural development in Tamil Nadu. This reform-oriented strategy aims to bridge the gap between formal financial institutions and rural households, ensuring equitable access and fostering inclusive growth. This study examines urgent and relevant issues that are gaining prominence in our rapidly evolving and interconnected world, underscoring their importance within the present global landscape
Rural New Energy Development and Farmers’ Welfare: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Policy Implications for Sustainable Rural Revitalization
Full text linkThis study aims to systematically elaborate on how the development of rural new energy industries in China enhances the welfare effects of farmers. Under the dual strategic background of the national "rural revitalization" and "dual carbon" goals, rural new energy is not only a key area for the transformation of the energy structure but also an important engine for improving farmers \u27living standards and increasing their income. The research reviews the mechanisms and pathways through which the development of rural new energy (photovoltaic, wind power, biomass, geothermal) in China enhances farmers\u27 welfare. Through a retrospective analysis of existing empirical studies, the research finds that welfare improvement is mainly achieved through four mechanisms: (1) resource assetization; (2) nearby employment and skills training; (3) clean energy improves the environment; (4) project participation enhances rural governance. The study illustrates the specific benefits of different energy forms through case studies such as photovoltaic in Xinjiang\u27s Tuoli County, wind power in Shandong\u27s Tancheng, biomass in Hebei\u27s Julu, and geothermal in Tianjin\u27s Binhai. Finally, to address challenges such as grid access, technical operation and maintenance, financing channels, and insufficient farmer participation in rural new energy, four countermeasures are proposed: building a multi-energy complementary integrated energy system, strengthening technology and digital management, innovating co-construction and sharing models for business and distribution, and improving differentiated policies while enhancing farmers\u27 capacity building. This aims to maximize the inclusive effects of rural new energy industries and provide references for related decision-making
Enhancing Data Security in Smart Cities: A Trust-Based Approach Leveraging Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Full text linkBackground and Objectives: Smart cities rely on interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which face significant data security and privacy challenges due to their resource-constrained nature. While traditional cryptographic methods are often too computationally heavy for such environments, a scalable and efficient security solution that dynamically adapts to device trustworthiness remains lacking. This paper aims to address this gap by proposing a lightweight, trust-based security framework leveraging Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).
Methods: The study introduces a decentralized trust management framework that integrates ECC for efficient key exchange, data encryption, and secure communication with minimal computational overhead. A reputation-based system continuously evaluates device trustworthiness based on behavioral patterns and interaction history. This trust metric dynamically adjusts cryptographic strength—applying stricter security measures for interactions involving untrusted or suspicious entities. Additionally, a lightweight ECC-based authentication protocol is implemented to support secure device onboarding and access control within the smart city ecosystem. The framework was rigorously evaluated through extensive simulations and empirical testing against common IoT threats.
Results: The proposed framework demonstrated robust resilience against critical security threats, including man-in-the-middle attacks, eavesdropping, and unauthorized access attempts. Simulation results showed that the ECC-based approach significantly reduces computational overhead and energy consumption compared to traditional cryptographic techniques, while maintaining high security standards. The dynamic trust mechanism effectively identified and isolated compromised or malicious devices, enhancing overall network integrity. Furthermore, the authentication protocol enabled seamless yet secure integration of new devices into the IoT infrastructure without degrading system performance.
Conclusion: This study presents a highly effective and scalable security solution tailored for resource-constrained IoT environments in smart cities. The primary contribution is a decentralized, trust-aware ECC-based framework that balances security and efficiency. Additional findings highlight its adaptability to evolving threat landscapes and its practical viability for real-world deployment. These results underscore the potential of integrating cryptographic agility with behavioral trust models to future-proof smart city infrastructures, offering both theoretical advancement and practical value for IoT security
A Multi-Target Electric Field Location Algorithm for Underwater Electrosense Robots Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning
Full text linkExtremely Low Frequency (ELF) electric field signal provides a novel and promising solution to the target location problem due to its strong resistance to jamming and long propagation range. However, conventional algorithms such as Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) often rely heavily on accurate prior information. In this paper, we propose a novel underwater electric field location algorithm to accurately locate an unknown number of targets. This paper constructs a complete output model of electric field detection array in the spatial domain based on Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL), and transforms the target location problem into sparse signal reconstruction problem. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over the MUSIC algorithm. The proposed location algorithm is capable of accurately locating an unknown number of ships and other targets
Quasi-Gaussian Multibeam Solar Laser Station for a Megawatt Solar Furnace
Full text linkAn alternative multirod solar side-pumping concept for the production of multiple quasi-Gaussian beams is proposed. This scheme was based on the One-Megawatt solar furnace in Odeillo, France, which collected and concentrated the solar light into a multilayered pyramidal pumping cavity placed at the focal zone. Each layer was comprised of a square array of four laser heads, each composed of a biconic surface that reflected the solar rays towards a Nd:YAG rod fixed inside a fused silica flow tube. A pyramidal reflector was placed inside the pumping cavity to close it and maximize the harness of solar energy. Compared to the previous multibeam solar laser station design for the same solar furnace, considerable alleviation of thermal lensing effects was achieved with the present approach, allowing the improvement of the laser beam quality factors and, consequently, the possibility of a 32-laser-beam generation, each with a quasi-Gaussian profile. For this case, 9.44 kW total laser power was calculated. Additionally, 20.01 kW total multimode laser power was numerically determined, which corresponds to a 10.93 W/m2 collection efficiency and a 2.0% solar-to-laser power conversion efficiency
Electrosynthesis of a Duplex Coating Consisting of a Cerium-Based Layer and a Polypyrrole Film for the Corrosion Protection of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Full text linkDuplex coating consisting of an inner cerium-based layer and polypyrrole (PPy) film topcoat was electrodeposited onto AISI 304 stainless steel. The cerium-based coating was electrodeposited in solutions containing cerium nitrate at 50 ºC. The polymeric outer layer was electropolymerized in the presence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). The electrosynthesis was done under potentiostat conditions. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX). The morphology of the double-layered cerium polypyrrole film shows a granular structure with the presence of agglomerates of small grains.
The anticorrosive performance of the coatings was evaluated in sodium chloride solution by linear polarization, open circuit measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Single films, cerium layer and PPy coating, and the duplex film all reduce the corrosion rate of AISI 304 stainless steel in NaCl solution. The duplex coating presents an improved corrosion resistance concerning the single films. The combination of the characteristics of the single layers is responsible for the superior corrosion protection efficiency of the double-layered cerium polypyrrole coating