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Impact of Solar Peak Energy and Weather Classification on BiLSTM-Based Solar Irradiance Forecasting in Equatorial Regions
Full text linkAccurate solar irradiance forecasting is critical for managing solar energy systems in equatorial regions, where high solar potential is coupled with significant variability. This study investigates the influence of solar peak energy and weather classification features on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model for multi-step Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) prediction. The research method involved four phases: data preprocessing (including cyclical time encoding, lag features, and solar peak extraction), weather classification (pseudo-labelling refined by decision trees), BiLSTM-based forecasting with Optuna hyperparameter tuning, and model evaluation using standard error metrics. Three configurations were compared: (A) solar peak + weather classification, (B) weather classification only, and (C) core meteorological and temporal features without additional inputs. The workflow incorporated cyclical time encoding, pseudo-labelling with decision tree refinement, lag feature construction, and Optuna-based hyperparameter tuning. Model performance was assessed using MAE, RMSE, MAPE, R², and MASE. Scenario A achieved the lowest MAPE (28.74%), whereas Scenario C yielded the smallest MAE (103.59 W/m²) and MASE (0.786). Scenario B performed worst with a MAPE of 29.85% and MAE of 105.64 W/m², highlighting the limited standalone value of weather classification. Across all scenarios, RMSE values remained within 148–150 W/m² and R² around 0.68, reflecting minimal differences in variance explanation. These findings suggest that simpler models can perform as well as or even outperform more complex configurations, offering efficiency benefits for operational forecasting. The practical implication of these results is that reliable irradiance forecasts can be achieved with simpler BiLSTM configurations, reducing computational cost and supporting real-time energy management, PV system sizing, and grid stability in equatorial regions. Future work should incorporate satellite imagery and real-time cloud tracking to further enhance prediction accuracy
Photovoltaic Thermal Power Supply Based on Smart Grid Functioning Solar Electric System Network
Full text linkIntegrated Smart Grid systems are developed to coordinate the production and consumption of electricity from a grid-connected solar power plant, providing power to a heat pump and hot water using hybrid solar collectors. The upper section of a two-section storage tank supplies hot water, while the lower section is a low-grade energy source for the heat pump. The integrated dynamic subsystem of the solar power system includes the following components: the grid, photovoltaic solar panels, hybrid solar collectors, a grid-connected inverter, a heat pump, a two-section storage tank, and a frequency converter. The power factor and local water temperature of the grid-connected solar power system are predicted by measuring the voltage of the hybrid solar collectors at the grid-connected inverter input, the voltage at the frequency converter output, and the current frequency. Advanced solutions for varying the power of the heat pump compressor motor and the circulation pump motor are implemented in accordance with changes in the thermal output of the storage tanks connected to the hybrid solar collectors. The power of the heat pump compressor motor and the circulating pump motor is regulated based on the specified voltage ratio at the grid-tie inverter input from the hybrid solar collectors and at the frequency converter output. The functional assessment of the solar power system power factor change when connecting the heat pump is in the range of 58–98%, when connecting the hot water supply, in the range of 63.74–98%, and the local water temperature in the range of 35–55°C. When the grid-tie inverter input voltage changes from 200 V to 600 V, the power transmitted to the grid increases in the range of 0.33 to 1, the power factor by 40%. Determining the final functional information allows for early decisions to be made about changing the operating mode of the heat pump compressor motor and the circulating motor to prevent peak loads on the power grid and maintain voltage in the distributed system
Exploring Banking Patterns and Service Accessibility Among Tribal Households: An Empirical Investigation
Full text linkThe study assesses the factors influencing the banking habits and service accessibility of tribal community people. The study is confined to the Odisha province of India. ANOVA and explorative factor analysis followed by linear regression have been applied for the impact assessment. The study analysed the responses from 274 tribal households. It is found that factors like employee cooperation, convenience location, and service banking have a significant impact on tribal community households, but banking habit has no such impact. Additionally, it implies that other aspects of financial accessibility should be investigated, from having a bank account to fully utilizing contemporary financial tools. The research findings on the banking structure and service access patterns of tribal Households in Odisha, India, have several implications for policymakers and financial service providers. First, identifying the population\u27s banking usage pattern would enable the customization of service provision to meet their needs. More accessible and individualized services would contribute to unprecedented economic empowerment of tribal communities through financial inclusiveness. Second, identifying barriers to banking services can help design and implement targeted initiatives to bring a more significant number of tribal people into the fold of the formal financial system. These findings would contribute to more effective ways of educating and mainstreaming tribal people, facilitating their socio-economic development
AI-Driven Signal Processing and Network Management for Next-Generation Communications
Full text linkThe acceleration of wireless technologies from 5G toward 6G has intensified demands for intelligent, adaptive, and secure communication infrastructures. This paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies that advance signal processing and network management across next-generation communication systems. First, we examine AI-driven intelligent signal processing, including deep learning techniques for modulation recognition, waveform generation, channel estimation, and interference mitigation, emphasizing their applicability under heterogeneous, high-dimensional, and noisy environments. Cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access mechanisms are analysed with a focus on learning-based spectrum sensing and adaptive policy selection, enabling efficient exploitation of scarce spectral resources. In parallel, we investigate IoT communication constraints—energy, latency, jamming resilience—and how AI optimizes scheduling, traffic adaptation, and resource usage within ultra-low-power environments.
At the network level, we discuss the integration of AI with Open RAN architectures, virtualization frameworks (NFV/SDN), network slicing, and distributed orchestration for 5G/6G. Special emphasis is placed on AI-supported resource allocation, multi-agent reinforcement learning, edge intelligence, and federated learning for collaborative, privacy-preserving management across large-scale, heterogeneous networks. Security challenges—including anomaly detection, adversarial robustness, and physical-layer protection—are evaluated within the broader context of AI-enabled network defence. Finally, we highlight benchmarking limitations and the need for standardized datasets, reproducibility protocols, and deployment-ready evaluation criteria. Collectively, the findings underscore AI as a foundational enabler of resilient, efficient, and scalable communication systems for emerging 6G and beyond
SCAPS Simulation for Perovskite Solar Cell
Full text linkPerovskite solar cells are keeping a very high interest in the solar energy world, with an efficiency in constant rise each year. In this study, we designed a tin-based (Hole Transport Material) HTM perovskite solar cell with the novel architecture Au/CH3NH3SnI3/TiO2/ZnO: Al. A simulation has been carried-out by using the SCAPS-1D solar cell capacitance simulator, which is well adapted to study the solar cell behavior. Through the software tool, we have studied the absorber’s layer thickness effect and the model operating temperature by plugging many varied parameters. The encouraging results of: 20.08% conversion efficiency, 32.76mA/cm² short-circuit current density (Jsc), 0.827 V open circuit voltage (Voc), and a fill factor (FF) of 74.06%, are predicted with the obtained optimal parameters.
The results indicate the high aptitude of lead free & HTM perovskite to achieve high efficiency and become a good alternative for the traditional solar cells in the future
Synthesis and Characterization of High Temperature Properties of YBa2Cu3O6+δ Superconductor as Potential Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Full text linkYBa2Cu3O6+δ (YBC) oxygen deficient perovskite was synthesized by an auto-combustion method and was studied as potential cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC). Synchrotron X-ray thermodiffraction in air shows a phase transition from orthorhombic Pmmm to tetragonal P4/mmm space groups at ~ 425 °C. The chemical compatibility with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) electrolyte was investigated in air where certain reactivity was observed above 800 °C. However, the main phase is Ba(Ce1-xYx)O3, a good ionic conductor. The catalytic performance in air was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on YBC/GDC/YBC symmetrical cells. The area specific resistance (ASR) values change from 13.66 to 0.14 Ω cm2 between 500 and 800 °C, with activation energy (Ea) of 0.41 eV. The results suggest potential applications of YBC as IT-SOFC cathode
On The Shortest Collision-Free Path Planning for Manipulator Based on Circular Obstacle Region
Full text linkA model of collision-free path planning for manipulator¢‚¬„¢s end-effectors based on circular obstacle regions and its corresponding algorithm to search the shortest collision-free path are presented in this paper. As the shortest one, the shortest collision-free path can be found from all the relative shortest collision-free paths whose definition and properties are provided as well in this paper. In order to find the relative shortest collision-free path, some algorithms on finding the common tangent of two circles and checking whether it lies on a certain relative shortest collision-free path are given. The searching algorithm of the shortest collision-free path is formed by integration of the algorithms. The searching algorithm does not contain any iterative procedure, and consequently it can effectively establish shortest collision-free paths for an acceptable short time. The searching algorithm can also avoid the trap of local minimum, and obtain the shortest collision-free path represented by a smooth and continuous curve connecting starting point and target point of the manipulator¢‚¬„¢s end-effectors.In order to deal with the collision-free path planning based on non-circular obstacle regions, the concept of expanded circle is introduced, and the above-mentioned collision-free path planning method based on circular obstacle regions is generalized to non-circular obstacle regions. To resolve the intersection problem of the expanded circles, a method to surround an obstacle region by multi-circles and their common tangent segments is given in this paper
Biogas Heat Pump Power Supply Based on Smart Grid Functioning Solar Electric System Network
Full text linkA comprehensive integrated solar power plant system has been developed to support the operation of a biogas plant based on a heat pump, for which fermented wort is a low-potential energy source. The change in the power factor of the solar power system connected to the grid and the temperature of the coolant entering the heat exchanger built into the methane tank are predicted. Promising solutions include changing the power of the heat pump compressor to maintain biogas production, unloading fermented wort and loading fresh material while maintaining the power factor of the grid solar system and changing the level of electricity transmission to the grid. The voltage at the input of the hybrid inverter, the voltage at the output of the frequency converter to assess their ratio and the voltage frequency are constantly measured. When changing the voltage at the input of the hybrid inverter from 240 V to 600 V, promising solutions were adopted to reduce the power of the heat pump from 3.14 kW to 1.58 kW in the production of biogas 352.5 m3/day to maintain the temperature of the heating coolant entering the heat exchanger built into the methane tank at 55° C - 45 °C in order to obtain biogas, unload fermented wort and load fresh raw materials. There is an increase in the power of electricity transmission to the grid from 0.27 to 1 and an increase in the power factor by 40% from 0.58 to 0.98. The use of the developed Smart Grid technology allows preventing peak loads of the power system, reducing electricity consumption from the grid by up to 30%
Research on the Influence of Load Difference for Photovoltaic Micro-grid System Performance
Full text linkAbstract: In this paper, make use of PVSOL software studied the generation performance and Economic benefits of PV system at various inclinations. And then analyzed residential load, industrial load and commercial load system performance and self-sufficiency under different battery capacity. The results show that for Shanghai area, when the inclination angle of PV panel is about 23o, the annual total power generation of PV system reaches the maximum. The self-sufficiency rate of PV systems with industrial load is higher than commercial load, and the self-sufficiency rate of PV systems with residential load is the lowest. The self-sufficiency rate of PV systems with batteries are higher than PV systems without batteries, and the increment of installation power can increase self-sufficiency rate of the PV system
Storage Locker Featuring Voice Activation for Visually Impaired
Full text linkAbstract: People who are visually impaired find it is challenging to temporarily store their precious or personal belongings to keep them safe. To improve their quality of life, visually impaired individuals need a storage locker equipped with assistive technology where they may store their valuables or personal items while they are at home or on the go. The voice-activated storage locker for the visually impaired individuals that is proposed in this study involve a voice recognition module, voice playback, a micro servo motor, and a braille keypad. With these integrated features, it will be easier for visually impaired individuals to operate the storage locker, which will boost its efficacy. A rotating mechanism would be activated by an electronic system built within the lock employing a servo motor. To make them easier for those with visual impairments to operate, standard storage locker types have been upgraded to include digital voice control. The results of a test conducted on 20 people with visual impairments showed that accurate passwords spoken by the user could lock and open the storage locker with an accuracy of up to 95%