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Review on Materials Used for Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Cells
Full text linkGlobal resources are limited and mindless use of them will finally lead to a scarcity. The need of the hour is to find the alternative energy resources which are abundant in nature and which deviate us from using fossils fuels. Solar Energy has gained a significant popularity in the past few decades as it is clean, meaning it does not release greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants. It is also an abundant source of energy as it is available till the existence of the planet. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and cannot be replenished for thousands of years. Another drawback of fossil fuels is that they emit greenhouse gases and contribute to global climate change. Solar energy is an important technology for many reasons and has become a popular topic as many scientists around the world are working to increase the photo-electron conversion efficiency with minimum production cost. Diversified approaches have been undertaken to enhance the efficiency of solar cell. This paper will review the current state of art on photovoltaic cells (PVCs) in context to the materials used for fabrication, their possible cost and their working efficiency. This paper will also undertake the challenges that came across during the whole process and their possible solutions
Design Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Using Biomimicry
Full text linkPerformance and efficiency of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine improved by using a modified turbine blade, derived from biological features, by harness more wind energy. The detailed simulations were carried in Q-blade’s X-foil, Java foil and Sim Scale software at low wind speed with bio-mimicable cambered foil add-ons to different biostructure blades such as Maple seed leaf, Eagle wing. Among these simulations, the Corrugated Dragonfly vein FX 63-137 foil shows improved performance over cambered foils and FX 63-37 itself. The Maple-Wing combined blade structure showed an improved lift-drag ratio with a high coefficient of power
The Role of Industrial and Service Robots in Manufacturing Processes
Full text linkOne of the characteristics of today\u27s world economic trends is market expansion, i. e. the need for constant modification of existing products through application of new technologies, which should ensure competitiveness in turbulent market conditions. The role of industrial and service robots is essential in such conditions of manufacturing processes. An industrial and service robot is an essential constituent element of the new manufacturing lines, which are designed on a high degree of automation with the characteristics of flexibility, where it is very difficult to observe the robot and its effect outside the whole manufacturing line. The inclusion of industrial and service robots in existing production facilities increases significantly the performance of existing equipment, ensuring its efficiency. This reduces or postpones the need for new or larger investments, since certain situations have shown that the acquisition of robots is much more economical than purchasing new machines. The application of robotic systems in manufacturing processes, whether it is a fully automated process or highly automated manufacturing line (the so-called fixed automation or a possible flexible manufacturing cell), is observed through: materials handling and supporting machines, process operations, assembly tasks, and tasks of products inspection. The paper describes the dissemination of industrial and service robots in the world in the period 2009 to 2014, through the application in specific operations in the manufacturing process
Ultrasonic Localization of Multiple Robots
Full text linkIn this work, we are focused on mathematic entity of localization by trilateration. Mathematical equations are usable for localization of source of ultrasonic waves. These can be measured in plane or 3D space by microphone array. We solve step-by-step localization by two, three and four sensors. Work also contains parts about localization without microphone array. For these measurements are used only distances between robots. We discuss about usability of ultrasonic, its advantages and necessity of temperature and humidity compensation
Novel Bio-inspired Inverse Kinematics for Fault-Tolerant Multilegged Robots
Full text linkAbstract: Nature has the best design, which has evolved over millennia for sustainability. The current research aims to provide a generalized algorithm for multi-legged fault-tolerant walking robots with 3 degrees of freedom per leg. An inverse-kinematics-based model has been implemented for strategic foot placement. Animals walk over rough ground and move each leg separately, often falling in a non-standard gait. The present work allows a provision for the designed robot to move over uneven terrain in a controlled manner, using adaptive gaits while maintaining a constant hip height. One of the key features of the developed algorithm is the ability to adapt locomotion and continue functioning even if some legs are injured. An experimental study was carried out in order to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the current algorithm. As far as the present knowledge of the authors goes, there is no systematic study of developing a generalized algorithm for fault-tolerant multi-legged robots available in the open literature
Vibrocasting of Silicon Carbide Based Concrete Materials
Full text linkIn order to reduce the water demand of silicon carbide vibratory casting masses with high-alumina cement additives, the impact of various deflocculant of different natures to silicon carbide vibratory casting masses was investigated. The deflocculants used included polycarboxylate ether-based, sodium polyacrylate, high-molecular-weight poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, and sodium salts of polymethylene-β-naphthalenesulfoxylic acid. Multifractional compositions of silicon carbide (2-3 mm, 1-2 mm, 0,5-1 mm, 0,2-0,5 mm, 0,063-0,12 mm fractions) with high-alumina cement and silicon additives, as well as with deflocculants, were studied. The firing of the materials was conducted in an oxygen atmosphere at temperatures between 1000 and 1400˚С. The adverse effect was demonstrated for deflocculant based on sodium polyacrylate and high-molecular-weight poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, as the usage of these additives increases the water demand of the mix. A smaller amount of water used for the mass production allows the processing of more dense materials with reduced open and closed porosity. Using deflocculants, the moisture content of the material is reduced to 6.5%
Concept Design of Reproductive Worm Robot: A Natural Inheritance of C.elegans Biological Worm
Full text linkAbstract: Although research in the field of worm robotics has taken some stride in recent past, the connotation of such designs was missing the feel of biology in true sense hitherto. Design and firmware of bio-inspired robots have been attempted by several research groups globally but none of those seriously intrude different physiologoical systems of the said biological specimen. Our attempt on technology-driven ideation of the reproductive system of a celebrated biological worm, namely, Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) has culminated into concept-designs of Reproductive Worm Robot. Incidentally, C.elegans is an interesting biological entity that evokes imagination and assertion to create miniature robotic systems, especially by mimicing its reproductive system. In this paper, we have reported the technological concept designs as well as part-hardware of the working prototype of representative Reproductive Worm Robots by naturally inheriting the reproductive mechanism of the biologocal C.elegans worm (notwithstanding the size effect)
Influence of Spray Parameters on the Metallurgical and Functional Properties of HVOF WC Based Cermets Deposited onto Low Alloy Steel
Full text linkAbstract: Tungsten carbide based spray coatings are widely used in industry for application requiring abrasion, sliding, fretting and erosion corrosion resistance. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) flame spraying was used for producing high quality carbide composite coatings. In this study, a WC-CoCr and WC-CoCrNi powders were thermal sprayed using a HVOF process. The spray parameters were varied in order to investigate their influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of coatings. It is possible to produce homogeneous coating by controlling the flame temperature, the velocity of the gun transverse, the powder feed rate and the nature of the powders. The mechanical properties and the porosity rate could be optimized in order to improve the functional properties
Design and Optimization of a 6-DOF Singularity-Free Parallel Manipulator
Full text linkA novel six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) singularity-free parallel manipulator (PM) is presented. The PM consists of five peripheral limbs and a centre limb, which makes the mechanism have high stiffness and large tilting capability . Due to the special architecture, the doubly actuated centre limb of the manipulator could have infinite inverse solutions. In every configuration of the end-effector, the manipulator can adapt its centre limb to the position and orientation with best dexterities. Targeting for further analysis of the manipulator, its detailed kinematic analysis is developed, including the solutions of the inverse position problems, the singularity, the dexterity and the workspace. The analysis results show that the proposed manipulator has good performance and thus may be suitable candidate for complicated surface machining
A Review of Solar Energy Use in Biogas Digester Heating
Full text linkAbstract: Several factors affect biogas fermentation, among which the temperature fluctuation is crucial. Domestic and foreign biogas fermentation heating systems are also diverse. Among various exist methods of heating biogas fermentation, solar biogas fermentation heating systems are also diverse. The current study reviewed various solar-heating biogas fermentation systems at home and abroad, describing the principle of the solar-heating system, the collector, the heat storage material and the research and application progress. It briefly discussed its characteristics, summarising the critical technology of solar biogas heating systems