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Localized Reticulate Hyperpigmentation from Heater use: A case of Erythema Ab Igne
No full textBackground: Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a reticulated, hyperpigmented dermatosis resulting from prolonged exposure to infrared radiation insufficient to cause burns. While increasingly rare due to central heating, it remains relevant in vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly and immobilized.
Case Summary: We report the case of an 83-year-old bedbound female who developed characteristic pigmentary changes over her right upper and lower limbs due to chronic proximity to a room heater.
Conclusion: Awareness of EAI is crucial to prevent unnecessary investigations and to emphasize the importance of appropriate thermal environment modifications, especially in bedbound geriatric patients
Potential Effect of Statins as Adjuvant Anti‑Tuberculosis Agents: A Short Communication
No full textTuberculosis is a chronic pulmonary infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect other parts of the body such as bones, brain, and lymph nodes (extra pulmonary Tb). Statins, primarily used for hyperlipidemia, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may help prevent and manage TB. They inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reduce cholesterol synthesis and interfere with phagocytosis crucial for TB infection. Given the rise in resistance to first-line anti-tubercular therapies, Statins have shown promise as adjunctive agents by potentially shortening treatment duration, reducing adverse effects, and improving outcomes, particularly in immunocompromised and diabetic patients. Based on these findings, Statins may be considered as second-line anti-TB drugs
“Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Anti-oxidant, Anti-diabetic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ”
Full text linkAims: The aim of the study is to assess the phytochemicals, bioactive compounds and determine the in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of red kidney bean.
Methods and Material: Raw and cooked red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) were assessed for phytochemical content, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity and GC-MS analysis was done to identify the bioactive compounds.
Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics, independent ‘t’ test and one-way ANOVA was computed to determine the differences in the phytochemical compounds and in vitro activities of raw and cooked red kidney beans.
Results: Qualitative analysis of raw and cooked red kidney bean confirmed the presence of phytochemicals. The total phenol content was higher in cooked than raw red kidney bean but the total flavonoid content was higher in raw red kidney bean. The radical scavenging activity of raw and cooked red kidney bean at 50 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL ranged from 80.88 ±0.20% to 97.05±0.02% and 32.83±0.46 to 90.56±0.26% respectively. The reducing power of raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 28.05 ± 0.96% to 80.92 ± 0.17% and 24.83 ± 0.17% to 64.61 ± 0.53% respectively. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase for raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 62.14 ± 0.90 to 81.98% ± 0.9% and 63.67 ± 0.11% to 73.43 ±0.61% respectively. The prevention of lysis for analysing the anti-inflammatory effect of raw and cooked red kidney bean ranged from 50 - 85% and 9.67 - 90.32 % respectively. The GC-MS analysis of raw and cooked red kidney bean showed the presence of bioactive compounds.
Conclusions: The raw and cooked red kidney bean contains bioactive compounds that exert excellent anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Preoperative Dexmedetomidine Nebulization versus Lignocaine Nebulization in Attenuation of Stress Response During Direct Laryngoscopy And Endotracheal Intubation in Elective Surgeries Under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Control Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mandya
Full text linkIntroduction: Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are known to provoke harmful stimuli that can lead to transient, unpredictable, and variable hemodynamic alterations, primarily due to heightened sympathoadrenal activity.1 Various pharmacological agents have been explored to mitigate this stress response; however, none have emerged as optimal.2
Aim: This study aims to compare the effects of nebulized dexmedetomidine in comparison to nebulized lignocaine on the hemodynamic stress response during direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, including any adverse effects in patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: Informed consent was obtained from 60 patients aged 18 to 65 years, classified as ASA-PS I and II, who were scheduled for elective surgeries requiring general endotracheal intubation. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group D received nebulized dexmedetomidine at a dosage of 1 mcg/kg, while Group L received nebulized 2% lignocaine at 1.5 mg/kg, both diluted to a total volume of 5 ml with normal saline, administered 10 minutes prior to induction. Hemodynamic responses (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial pressure, SpO2) were recorded and compared at baseline, post-nebulization, and post-intubation at intervals of 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes. Sedation scores were assessed before and after nebulization until induction.
Results: The increase in heart rate during intubation and at subsequent time points was significantly lower in Group D compared to Group L. Additionally, the reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was more pronounced in patients from Group D. No significant differences were observed in SpO2 or sedation scores between the two groups. Both groups reported no significant adverse effects.
Conclusion: Both nebulized dexmedetomidine and lignocaine effectively reduced the stress response associated with laryngoscopy and intubation; however, dexmedetomidine demonstrated superior efficacy without adverse hemodynamic effects
Case Report on Acute Hemorrhagic Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Following Parvovirus B19 Infection in an Immunocompetent Child
Full text linkAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, often triggered by viral infections. Parvovirus B19 has been implicated in various haematological and neurological manifestations; however, its association with acute hemorrhagic ADEM remains rare. Here, we report a case of a 5-year-old male immunocompetent child who developed ADEM following parvovirus B19 infection, emphasising the rarity of such presentations and the importance of early recognition and management
The Growing Burden: Overweight and Obesity Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Medical College Students in Mysuru: A Cross-sectional Study
Full text linkABSTRACT:
Background:
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is often accompanied by significant lifestyle changes, including changes in dietary habits, physical activity levels, and stress, which can contribute to unhealthy weight gain. In India, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth has shown an upward trend, raising concerns about early onset of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among degree college students in Mysuru and to identify the associated socio-demographic and lifestyle factors contributing to these conditions.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over three months, from January to March 2025, among students of a medical college in Mysuru. A total of 230 medical college students participated in the study, selected through a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were recorded to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analysed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to explore their association with various risk factors.
Results:
Among the 230 study participants, 113 (49.2%) were males and 117(50.8%) were females. 132 (57.4%) were found to be overweight or obese. Frequent fast-food consumption was significantly associated with overweight and obesity (73.5%, p = 0.046), while other factors such as gender, family history, exercise, and screen time showed no statistically significant associations.
Conclusion:
Dietary behaviour, particularly fast-food intake, emerged as a key modifiable risk factor for overweight and obesity among medical students, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier eating habits in this population.
Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Medical college students, Risk factor
Case Report on Endocrine Induced Paralysis - Unraveling The Impact of Thyrotoxicosis On Potassium Homeostasis.
Full text linkThyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, marked by episodes of muscle weakness and hypokalaemia. Although it predominantly affects young Asian men, it can also occur in females and individuals from non-Asian ethnic groups. TPP is a treatable form of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and can often be the first indication of thyrotoxicosis. Triggers such as a high-carbohydrate diet, strenuous exercise, emotional stress, and steroid use can provoke TPP attacks. During an acute episode, the key diagnostic indicators are hypokalaemia along with elevated levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Treatment consists of two phases: promptly correcting hypokalaemia to reverse the paralysis, followed by measures to prevent future attacks by restoring a euthyroid state.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 30 year old male presented to the hospital with sudden onset of weaknessin both upper limbs and lower limbs since one day with history of similar complaints 2 years ago. On evaluation, he was found to have severe hypokalaemia (K-1.7meq/l) His TSH levels were 0.005miu/ml, Free T3 was18.34 pg/ml and Free T4 was 5.1ng/dl. He was treated with intravenous potassium and anti-thyroid medications, Carbimazole and Propranolol.
CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is crucial to prevent complications like fatal arrhythmias and ensure effective treatment. Clinicians should consider TPP in cases of acute paralysis with hypokalaemia and promptly evaluate thyroid function
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of Liver in a child : a case report
No full textBackground: Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of liver (UESL) is a rare malignancy of liver originating from primary mesenchymal tissue with overall poor prognosis. Around 220 pediatric cases of UESL have been reported in the literature. The lack of characteristic clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging studies pose a diagnostic challenge and the preoperative misdiagnosis rate is high. Historically, treatment was limited to surgical resection with poor survival rate. In recent times, combination of chemotherapy and surgical resection has improved survival.
Case Presentation: We report a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in a 6 years old boy who presented with complain of fever, right sided abdominal mass with intermittent abdominal pain of 1 month duration. On examination, child was under-weight and had fever, anemia and massive hepatomegaly.
Management: Radio imaging of abdomen revealed a heterogeneous mass in right hepatic lobe with differential diagnosis of hamartoma, hepatoblastoma or UESL. He had normal liver function tests, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. Diagnosis of UESL was confirmed on histology and immunohistochemistry features on liver biopsy.
Due to rapidly growing tumor, hepatic arterial embolization was done. Child received chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. Post surgical resection child had gained weight and was doing well on his 3 months follow up.
Conclusion: UESL should be considered in differential diagnosis in a young child with rapidly growing liver mass especially with normal serum AFP levels and the lesion shows mixed cystic and solid components on radio-imaging. Multimodal management is required for better outcome
Felt Need for Psychiatry Clubs in Medical Colleges to Enhance Teaching-Learning
No full textMental health competence is critical for medical graduates, yet in India the treatment gap for common mental disorders remains substantial, with prevalence estimates indicating up to 80.4% of unmet need. Recent reforms under the Competency-based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum have expanded psychiatry training; however, deficiencies in applied skills, preventive psychiatry, and communication remain. Psychiatry clubs have been proposed as supplementary, student-led platforms to address these limitations. This cross-sectional study assessed the perceived need for psychiatry clubs among undergraduate medical students and explored their potential role in enhancing teaching–learning. A structured online survey was administered to 94 students across different phases of MBBS training. A total of 93.6% of respondents supported establishing psychiatry clubs. Findings suggest that psychiatry clubs can complement formal psychiatry education by fostering experiential learning, reducing stigma, and strengthening peer support. To our knowledge, this is the first study from India systematically documenting the felt need for psychiatry clubs in medical colleges
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of Ataxia- A novel approach
No full textAbstract: -
Ataxia is a disabling clinical condition characterized by impaired motor coordination, balance, with restricted treatment options. There is growing evidence of Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, as a potential treatment option in various types of ataxias. We present a case series of two patients with ataxia of a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and a hereditary aetiology treated with rTMS. Both patients showed significant improvement in ataxia symptoms following rTMS stimulation targeting the cerebellum and motor cortex. These findings highlight that rTMS may be used as a potential treatment modality in cases of ataxia irrespective of aetiology