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The Necessity of Systemic Ultrasound Examination for Neonate within One Week in Taiwan: Two Cases Reports
Full text linkMany congenital abdominal anomalies and tumors are asymptomatic and easily miss early detection. Ultrasound examinations, non-invasive and safe, play a crucial role in diagnosing congenital abnormalities. We advocate neonatal ultrasound screening programs encompassing multiple systems, aiding early disease diagnosis and prompt intervention. This article reported two cases that missed prenatal examination and found abnormalities through a ultrasound program within one week after birth
Boruta Feature Selection and Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification
Full text linkAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and functional deterioration. The early and accurate classification of AD is crucial for timely intervention and management. This study utilizes the Boruta feature selection method to identify the most relevant features for AD classification, selecting the top 15 features based on importance ranking. Three machine learning models—Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), and Support Vector Machines (SVM)—were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as performance metrics. The LSTM model demonstrated the highest accuracy (89.30%), outperforming DNN (88.14%) and SVM (84.19%), owing to its capability of capturing temporal dependencies in inpatient data. Results indicate that deep learning models offer superior performance compared to traditional machine learning approaches in AD classification. The study emphasizes the importance of cognitive, lifestyle, and metabolic features in AD diagnosis while acknowledging limitations such as dataset constraints and model interpretability. Future research should improve explainability, incorporate multi-modal data, and leverage real-time monitoring techniques for enhanced AD detection
Raking Method as a Tool for Improving Representativeness in Non-Probability Studies
Full text linkThis is a methodological review focused on raking, or iterative proportional fitting, as a tool for improving representativeness in studies with non-probability sampling. The paper synthesizes the theoretical foundations, practical considerations, and applications of raking in biomedical research. The method operates by iteratively adjusting sample weights so that the marginal distributions of selected variables match the known distributions of the target population. Its implementation requires reliable auxiliary information about the population of interest and careful selection of adjustment variables.
The review addresses critical aspects such as weight quality evaluation, management of extreme values, and computational considerations in raking implementation. The method's advantages are discussed, including its capacity to simultaneously adjust multiple variables and its applicability when only marginal information about the population is available. Its limitations are also examined, such as the potential generation of extreme weights and dependence on precise population data. Finally, practical examples are presented in various contexts, from hospital studies to research in university populations, demonstrating the method's versatility. The application of raking has proven particularly valuable in epidemiological and health services studies, where non-probability samples are common. This review provides a comprehensive methodological guide for researchers seeking to implement raking, emphasizing the importance of rigorous application and transparent documentation
Mobile Health Solutions for Childhood Stunting: An Integrative Review of Prevention, Monitoring, and Reduction Applications – Review
No full textBackground: This study seeks to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature on the application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in efforts to prevent, monitor, and reduce the prevalence of childhood stunting. Additionally, it aims to explore the key challenges associated with implementing these digital health interventions.
Methods: The literature review was carried out by systematically searching six major databases—PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, SAGE, ProQuest, and Google Scholar—for relevant articles published between February 2015 and February 2025. The inclusion criteria encompassed original, English-language studies that employed either quantitative or qualitative methodologies, focusing on digital applications for the prevention, monitoring, or management of childhood stunting. Only freely accessible full-text articles were considered. Studies that relied solely on traditional, non-digital approaches were excluded. The article selection process adhered to the PRISMA flow diagram, and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. From an initial pool of 5,797 articles, a structured screening process was conducted using the Rayyan AI platform, culminating in the selection of seven studies for in-depth analysis.
Results: Thematic analysis identified five central themes: (1) improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP); (2) enhanced growth monitoring and early detection of stunting; (3) the vital role of community support and health cadres; (4) the overall effectiveness of mHealth interventions; and (5) implementation challenges within vulnerable populations. The findings highlight the substantial potential of mHealth applications in preventing childhood stunting, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Notably, applications such as SCATION and Nutritional Rangers have demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing KAP and improving children’s nutritional outcomes.
Conclusion: Integrating mHealth into maternal and child health programs at the community level is essential. Furthermore, supportive policy frameworks and additional research are necessary to overcome existing barriers to implementation
Students' Perceptions of Women in Policing: The Role of Media Portrayal and Representation of Policewomen
Full text linkPurpose: Diversity and representation are important for organizational growth and sustainability, particularly in policing, where women are highly underrepresented. Although attitudinal research in policing is extensive, little has been done to assess factors that influence citizens’ perceptions of women in policing. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of media and film representation of women in policing on students' perceptions of the female police officer.
Design/Methodology: Using a cross-sectional design, the study obtained data from 152 university students enrolled in one of the major research institutions in a southern state of the U.S. during the 2023-2024 academic year.
Findings: Using a multivariate analytical approach, the study did not support the hypothesis that negative portrayals of policewomen in media significantly influence students’ perceptions.
Originality: The findings of the study provide information that could be useful for improving citizens' attitudes toward women in policing and enhancing the police-citizens relationship. The manuscript offers an original contribution to the study of policing, especially as it relates to factors that influence perceptions of police officers
Statistical Analysis of Logistics Management Impact on Medical Device Indicators in Indonesian Island Clinics
Full text linkBackground: Public health centers have a strategic role in the implementation of primary health services, to meet minimum service standards. The ASPAK application is used as an instrument for monitoring facilities, infrastructure, and medical devices, but the achievement of medical device indicators in Banggai Laut district is still very low, at 27.87%, which indicates obstacles in the logistics management of medical devices. This study aims to analyze the relationship between logistics management and medical device indicators on the ASPAK Application.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation test and multivariate regression to examine the relationship between logistics management and medical device indicators on the ASPAK application across 10 health centers in Banggai Laut District. The research was carried out from September to December 2024, involving a total population of 70 individuals, all of whom were included as the study sample.
Result: There is a relationship between logistics management sub-variables and medical device indicators (r=0.583-0.659; p=0.000). Multivariate analysis, planning, and deletion are significantly related (y = 6.877 + 0.437 planning + 0.481 deletion), with an R-square value of 0.638, which means 63.8% of the variation in indicator achievement is explained by the model.
Conclusion: Planning and deletion have a positive correlation and are the largest contributors to the fulfillment of the ASPAK medical device indicator. This finding emphasizes the importance of both aspects in supporting indicator achievement
Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Egypt: Diagnostic Challenges and Subtype Evolution Over Time
Full text linkBackground: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, with diverse clinical and electrophysiological presentations. Regional variation in GBS subtypes exists, but limited data are available from Arab countries, particularly Egypt.
Objective: This study aimed to characterize clinical features, neurophysiological patterns, and disability outcomes among Egyptian GBS patients and evaluate changes in electrophysiological subtypes over time.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 49 adult patients diagnosed with GBS and admitted to Mansoura University Hospitals between May 2022 and May 2025. Clinical data, disability scores (Hughes, INCAT, mEGOS, MRC), and electrophysiological findings were collected within the first two weeks of symptom onset and repeated before discharge. Electrophysiological subtyping was performed using Rajabally’s criteria at initial and repeat testing.
Results: The cohort had a median age of 50 years; 59.2% were male. Upper respiratory tract infections were the most common preceding illness (55.1%). Sensorimotor deficits were the predominant presentation (89.8%), with cranial nerve involvement observed in 28.6% and autonomic dysfunction in 20.4%. Most patients received plasma exchange, and 22.4% required additional immunotherapy. Initial electrophysiological studies were inconclusive in 37.4%, but follow-up improved diagnostic yield to 93.7%. Electrophysiological reclassification occurred in 54.1%, with cases shifting between axonal and demyelinating patterns. At follow-up, AIDP was slightly more prevalent (52%) than axonal forms (41.6%). Functional scores (Hughes, INCAT, MRC) improved significantly within one month, with >65% achieving favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: Serial neurophysiological assessment enhances diagnostic accuracy in early GBS subtypes classification, with substantial shifts occurring between initial and follow-up studies. A high proportion of Egyptian GBS patients presented with severe disability but showed marked improvement by the fourth week
Effect of Counselling Services on Parental Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Enugu State, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture. It is often caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before, during, or shortly after birth. The condition can have a significant emotional, physical, financial, and social impact on parents. This study investigated the effect of counseling services on the parental management of children with CP in Enugu State.
Methods: A pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted. A validated self-developed Parent of Cerebral Palsy Management Self-Report Scale (PCPMSS, r-0.78) was used for data collection. The Counseling Treatment Package (CTP) was used as the intervention in the study. Parents of children with Cerebral palsy were exposed to eight weeks of counseling sessions. The data collected were statistically analyzed using a pairwise t-test to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. One sample t-test was also used to test self-report intervention effectiveness and satisfaction with the intervention.
Results: The results indicate that parents exposed to family counseling improved significantly in handling family-oriented challenges. Counseling intervention improved the emotional stability of parents of children with CP.
Conclusion: It was recommended, among other things, that counseling services and other evidence-based interventions be provided for parents of children with CP to equip them with relevant coping skills and resources needed to support their children’s development
Historical Policy of Local Communities: Formal-Legal and Informal Foundations
Full text linkThe article examines the historical policy of institutionalized and non-institutionalized actors as tools for the formation of national identity and interethnic tolerance. Local communities, whose commemorative practices are family memory, as well as discourses on social networks, are considered as non-institutionalized factors. The research area is Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area - Yugra. The methods used are content analysis of regulatory documents, as well as in-depth interviewing.
Institutionalized and non-institutionalized means of historical policy are considered. It is concluded that historical policy implemented by local communities in the sphere of formation of interethnic tolerance has normative and legal support and is systematic.
The differences between the narratives of historical policy at the local level and the official state discourse are noted. Informal practices of forming collective ideas about the past are not only trusted at the cognitive level, but also have a much deeper impact on the emotional sphere of people, appealing to images of family or local history. And this often turns out to be a factor that has a deeper impact on the formation of collective ideas about the past.
As a result, in some cases the narratives of state historical policy are simply ignored by collective memory, while in others they can acquire a significantly different semantic content. Even in cases where collective ideas about the past seem to coincide with the official narrative, the concepts they operate with can have a significantly different semantic content compared to the indoctrinal position. As a result of this kind of aberration of historical memory, the connotations of historical events acquire completely different meanings in people's memory compared to the official discourse
Post-Operative Haemodynamic Monitoring of Patients undergoing Corrective Open Heart Surgery for Structural Heart Defects
No full textBackground: Accurate hemodynamic monitoring is essential when identifying and treating critically ill pediatric patients. Effective perioperative care directed by sophisticated hemodynamic monitoring can lower problems and enhance results, even though the best monitoring method is still up for debate.
Objective: to compare monitoring methods of cardiac output and systemic hemodynamics post-cardiac surgery and its correlation to the clinical status of patients (reflected by clinical signs and laboratory assessment) and outcome, focusing on non-invasive cardiometry and echocardiography.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 pediatric patients under five years old who underwent corrective cardiac surgery for congenital heart lesions. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed using echocardiography and ICON, alongside clinical evaluation and biomarkers (BNP and lactate), at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively. Statistical analysis was employed to identify significant correlations and trends.
Results: Significant hemodynamic changes were observed in the immediate post-operative period. Clinical assessment detected low cardiac output in 47% of patients at 6 hours, decreasing to 45% at 24 hours. TAPSE and ejection fraction, measured via echocardiography, showed significant correlations with clinical signs of low cardiac output at 6 and 24 hours, respectively. ICON parameters, such as thoracic fluid content (TFC), demonstrated significant trends, correlating with fluid balance and time on bypass. However, ICON lacked the precision of echocardiography for certain measures; its continuous, non-invasive monitoring provided valuable insights into hemodynamic trends.
Conclusion: Hemodynamic monitoring post-operative cardiac surgery with early management of instability decreases the risk of complications and prolonged hospital stay. Clinical assessment of low cardiac output symptoms is crucial in the hemodynamic monitoring of patients, paying attention to vital data. Echocardiography and electrical cardiometry parameters have significant correlations with each other, including contractility (TAPSE, CI) and fluid assessment values (IVC collapsibility and TFC). BNP levels are best used not as a "stand-alone" test but in conjunction with existing multivariable risk indexes