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Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review
No full textIntroduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a clinical, highly prevalent worldwide condition described in the early 2000s. Evidence about its aetiology is still missing, and preventive strategies can’t be established. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on possible correlations between maternal and infant nutrition during the first thousand days of life and the occurrence of MIH.
Methods: Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using MedLine (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar (from 2017 to February 1st, 2023).
Results: The search strategy identified 1815 potential articles: 99 from PubMed, 6 from Scopus, and 1710 from Google Scholar. After removing duplicates, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria or being irrelevant, 6 papers were included. They were published between 2019-2022 and were clinical trials or longitudinal studies conducted in Egypt, New Zealand, Turkey, Denmark, Germany and Norway. The sample size was 2005 subjects (mean: 334). All reporting data on MIH was diagnosed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The nutritional exposure variables were: i) malnutrition; ii) vitamin D serum levels in the mother and the child at different stages; iii) celiac disease; iv) the type of infant feeding, such as exclusive breastfeeding and/or type of weaning; v) supplementation with high-dose vitamin D during pregnancy.
Conclusion: High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may be protective against MIH in children. There is a need for structured epidemiological studies specifically designed to investigate the aetiology of MIH in mother-child cohorts
Synthesis and Polymerization of 4-Vinylbenzylphenylsulfone
Get PDFThe preparation of new sulfone monomer and polymer based on 4-Vinylbenzylphenylsulfone (4-VBPS) and free radical polymerization was investigated, based on the reaction of chloromethyl styrene with sodium phenyl sulfone (phSO2Na) in dimethylformamide (DMF), using the phase transfer catalysts 18-crown-6. Copolymerization of the prepared sulphone monomer with p-methylstyrene was carried out at 65 ˚C. Nonpolymerizable 4-Ethylbenzylphenylsulfone was also prepared. The prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, the number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the resulting polymer was found to be in the range of 70,100 -73,100, with polydispersity indices (Mw/Mn) vary from 1.8 to 1.9. Photolysis of the prepared polysulfone polymer and possible grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer will be reported
When Crime Meets Pandemic: Organized Crimes and Triad Societies’ Activities during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong
Get PDFRecent studies suggest that the pandemic has impacted criminal activities and organized crime groups. This article provides a qualitative review of changes in crime rates, patterns, and activities of organized crime groups (specifically, Triads) in Hong Kong. Three specific types of organized crimes with high Triad involvement were selected: serious violent crimes, serious drug-related crimes, and smuggling. After analyzing both official and non-official sources, the results showed that despite the government's stringent control measures that significantly suppressed socio-economic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, the figures for these selected crimes rose tremendously. Triads' organized criminal activities became more frequent, dangerous, and aggressive, posing a severe threat to Hong Kong's law and order
Psycho-Emotional Burnout of the Personality in the Conditions of War
No full textA common cause of health disorders in war is psychotraumatic situations that lead to psycho-emotional burnout of military personnel.
The purpose of the article is to conduct an empirical study of the psycho-emotional burnout of military personnel. Tasks are set: to determine the emotional reactions and states of military personnel; to assess the level of manifestation of emotional burnout of military personnel.
Research Methods: The study used valid methods, "Diagnosis of the level of emotional burnout", "Determination of mental "burnout", and «Burnout Syndrome» in the professions of the «man-man» system, for the non-parametric data correlation variables, the Spearman coefficient.
Results: The study revealed the military personnel's inability to manage their emotions, which leads to depersonalization, personal alienation, and distance. The inadequate selective emotional response has 94.0%, which is an indisputable "sign of burnout". The peculiarities of emotion management of military personnel and their role in the genesis of emotional response in professional activity are revealed. It is established that the "economic manifestation of emotions" of military personnel can be manifested both in an excessively cheerful mood and aggression, which is frustrating behavior.
Conclusion: In order to prevent psycho-emotional burnout, it is necessary to develop anti-stress skills, skills of controlling the manifestation of emotions based on critical analysis of the situation, and the ability not to throw out negative emotions on other people. To work with the military, it is necessary to substantiate the content of psychosocial counseling within the framework of a comprehensive system of psychological rehabilitation of servicemen
Measuring Efficiencies of Dairy Buffalo Farms in the Philippines Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Get PDFThis study aimed to measure the efficiency scores of 75 dairy buffalo farms in the province of Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Philippines, using an input-oriented, variable-return-to-scale Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The farmer-informants or decision-making units (DMUs) were categorized as smallholders, family modules, and semi-commercial in operations. Personal interviews using structured questionnaires were done to gather various information on the socio-economic and management practices of the DMUs. Output in the form of volume and value of milk produced and inputs such as quantities and costs of biologics, feeds, forage, and labor were also collected and evaluated among individual DMUs. The efficiency scores were computed using PIM-DEA software, which identified fully efficient DMUs lying on the frontier line (scores of 1.0) and those enveloped by it (inefficient DMUs with scores of less than 1.0). The overall mean Technical Efficiency (TE), Allocative Efficiency (AE), and Economic Efficiency (EE) scores among the DMUs were 0.80, 0.81, and 0.65, respectively. Most of the inefficient DMUs were in the smallholder category. In sum, smallholder DMUs classified under low and moderate TE clusters should reduce their inputs by 53.31% and 40.01%, respectively, to become fully efficient. Likewise, higher lambda values among efficient peer DMUs indicate the best practice frontiers that the inefficient peer DMUs can benchmark with. Extension and advisory services can help promote the best management practices of the frontiers to improve the TE, AE, and EE of the inefficient DMUs
COVID-19: Examining the Impact of the Global Pandemic on Violent Crime Rates in the Central Valley of California
Get PDFThis study focuses on how a global pandemic like COVID-19 affects violent crimes in the city of Stockton, California. The violent crimes that we will be examining are homicide, robbery, rape, simple assault, and aggravated assault. We obtained crime data from the LexisNexis Community Crime Map and obtained COVID-19 data from the San Joaquin County Health Department regarding the city of Stockton. We developed the results of this research by using time-series plots and interrupted time-series analysis. Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 caused a statistically significant change in the slope for rape, robbery, and simple assault violent crimes. Finally, we discuss in our policy implications section that the Stockton Police Department should establish more community outreach programs that could help prevent these types of violent crimes
Workplace Bullying and Victimization: A Mixed Method Approach
Get PDFPurpose: The main scope of the survey was to examine how school bullying and victimization experiences affect workplace bullying and victimization, as also the role of the personality traits and workplace environment to this relation. It also aimed to investigate the consequences on mental health of employees who are targets of workplace victimization, as well as the reaction mechanisms of employees against bullying.
Method: 302 employees from four private companies in Cyprus completed the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, Five Factor Personality Inventory Questionnaire, Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire, Post-traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating, Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised, and a list of coping skills, in one-time phase.
Results: Based on the results, school victimization experiences and neuroticism, influenced the occurrence of workplace victimization, as also workplace climate affected the above relationship. Workplace climate, workplace victimization and neuroticism, found to be related with the development of Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder. In addition, neuroticism and workplace victimization mediated by employees’ coping skills
Moral Networks: A Sociological Study on Illicit Self-Cultivation of Cannabis for Psychoactive use in Brazil
Get PDFThe use of psychoactive drugs is a social practice commonly observed in all societies. This article aims to present the moral grammar of actors who grow marijuana for their own use in Brazil. This study employed a qualitative methodology based on direct observation and semi-structured interviews. Regarding research ethics, all institutional principles were considered, like obtaining informed consent and guaranteeing the privacy of participants and the confidentiality of information. We found that these actors establish a sui generis morality through their practices. From this perspective, it can be conjectured that this network of actors who grow their own marijuana configures a specific moral grammar through the language devices they mobilize in response to the judgments, criticisms and moral accusations they face, whether formal or informal. Moreover, through the interviews, it was possible to verify how the relations of mutual assistance in this moral network of actors who grow their own marijuana are shaped by the actions, interactions, associations and moral aggregations among them. In this way, the relations of reciprocity and cooperation among these moral actors configure a kind of solidarity specific to this network. Therefore, the home cultivation of marijuana is analyzed as a legitimate moral feeling of liberation in relation to the formal and informal repressions faced by these actors
Impact of Machine Learning and Prediction Models in the Diagnosis of Oral Health Conditions
Get PDFIntroduction: Recent developments in data science and the employment of machine learning algorithms (ML) have revolutionized health sciences in the prediction of diseases using laboratory data. Oral diseases are observed in all age groups and are estimated to affect about a 3.5billion people as per WHO 2022 statistics. Using the existing diagnostic data and taking advantage of ML and prediction models would benefit developing a prediction model for diagnosing oral diseases. Hence, it is quite essential to understand the basic terminologies used in the prediction model.
Methods: We retrieve various research papers using Scopus, PubMed, and google scholar databases, where prediction models were used in dentistry. The idea of this review is to explore current models, model validation, discrimination, calibration, and bootstrapping methods used in prediction models for oral diseases.
Results: The current advancement of ML techniques plays a significant task in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral diseases.
Conclusion: The use of prediction models using ML techniques can improve the accuracy of the treatment methods in oral health. This article aims to provide the required framework, data sets, and methodology to build ML and prediction models for oral diseases
Inclusion of Children with Intellectual Disability in Early Childhood Education in Saudi Arabia: Impact of Teacher Characteristics
No full textBackground: The practice of inclusive education in mainstream classrooms has gained momentum worldwide in recent years. This situation has attracted the interest of researchers in equal measures, with the main focus being directed at the impact of teacher attitudes toward inclusive education. The previous studies have mainly focused on inclusive education in primary and secondary education environments in the Western world while paying no attention to early childhood education in developing countries like Saudi Arabia.
Aim: This study fills this knowledge gap by investigating the impact of teacher characteristics on the attitudes toward the inclusion of children with intellectual disabilities in early childhood education in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Data were collected through a web-based survey. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics and correlations.
Results: There were statistically significant relationships between acceptance of inclusion of learners with IDs and all the independent variables; age (p=0.000), gender (p=0.021), training (p=0.000), professional role (p=0.015), knowledge (p=0.000) and experience (p=0.000).
Conclusion and Recommendations: Early childhood education teachers in Saudi Arabia should receive training on special needs to attain knowledge and experiences in dealing with learners with IDs in inclusive environments